5-1
-Cultures Clash on the Prairie
- Plains Indians lived in Great Plains
- 4 important ones, Dakota, Cheyennye, Sioux, and Comanche
- Buffalo very important, for needs, food, shelter, clothing, used teepees, since followed Buffalo
- Great American Desert...not actually a Desert
- Chase Buffalo to edge of cliff
- Many Gods, sun, moon, stars, anything scrange
- 65 million to only a thousand by Whites
- Powwows, headdress rep. bravery, feather added each time killed
- First horses from Spanish
- Harvest festival together, trade goods
- Lived in small family groups, taught life lessons by stories, grandparents took care of children while parents worked
- Women taught to sew, moccasins, cook, move teepees, raise children, prepare skins
- Men taught to hunt, protect
- Settlers push Indians West, Whites wanted land to be own, but Indians didn't
- Whites killed buffalo, Indians forced to reseravtions
-1858, finding of gold, frontier, Irish, German, Polish, Chinese, and African American
- Cattle started business
- Vaqueros, where got cowboy way from
- 1866, railroads run regularly, trampled crops
- Chisholm Trail, south had to drive cattle north to railroads
-How did the US gov't deal with Native Americans in the mid to late 1800's? What were their policies?
*treaties were inforced, Red River War, 1874-1875, seperated hostile Indians from friendly, Battle of Red River, Sweetwater Creek, Palo Duro Canyon, to destroy them they waged war
*Gold Rush in Black Hills by Colonel George Armstrong, in 1874
*Custer's last stand, Little Bighorn, 175 soldiers with Reno, to villiage with 2000 Indian braves, suprise attach by Indians instead of metting Reno there, Custer lost half his men, Custer Hill, no survivors,
*Battle of Wounded Knee, suffer from poverty and disease, Paiute prophet, ghost dance, arrest of Sitting Bull, officer shot by Catch-a-Bear, Sitting bull was shot, and Big Foot lef them out of reseveration, 350 Indians murdered at camp Wounded Knee, last native american war
* gold found in Black Hills, waged war, Assimilation, Dawes Act, 160 acres, did not go with their culture, gave land then took it back, failed
-Describe a cowboy's life.
*10-14 hrs, worked starting age 15-40, 25% African American, 12% hispanic, worked all the time, no hero/villian, roundup, Long Drive, trail from Texas, to mid-west, open range, no fences, 20-30 years long, then fences came so no longer an open range
Ch. 5.2:
-How did railroads and the Homestead Act help settle the Great Plains?
* gave settlers 160 acres of land, to farm, 3 steps, file app. inprove land, file for deed of title, reconstruction area of Kansas,
-What challenges did settlers face on the Great Plains?
* Closing of Frontier, freedom of religion, dugouts and soddies, not alot of wood, since on plains, snakes and mice living in walls, leaked bad, and flooded, clothes made from sheep, haversted animals for food
-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?
*milking cows, john deere, dry land, plains were not good for farming, lacking wood for building, Morrill Act of 1862, Hatch act of 1887, Land Grant College Act, farmers had to borrow money for machinery, in debt, grow more crops to pay back, couldnt find workers, threatened by railroads, weather, child labor, and low wages, charaged by railroaders, by alot
Ch. 5.3:
-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?
* prices of crops not worth as much, mortagaing, bought land, couldnt pay back, debt, economic problems, greenbacks, had to pay back money that cost more then what they borrowed it for, problems with railroads, raising of prices, big buisness' had more power over farmers, the Grangem group of farmers by Oliver Hudson Kelly, fighting back
-Who were the Populists and what did they believe in?
*rep. common folk, panic of 1893, wheter to endorse the free coinage of silver at a ratio of silver to gold, wanted more money, farmers, etc, to help the common people out, more money in inflation, income tax, federal loan program, 8 hour work day, bi-metallic standard,
Ch. 6.1:
-What caused the Industrial revolution to really take off in the late 1800's?
* wealthe of natural resources, goverment support for business, Laissez-faire, urban population, cheap labor, new products, form monopolies, Black Gold, (crude oil), 1859, oil rush, Bessemer Steel Process, railroads used alot of steel, architects build better buildings,
-What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives?
* Thomas Edison- elecrical vote recorder, phonograph, bulb, telegraph systems, power station, electric companies, Kinetoscope
*Christoper Sholes, typewriter, faster to write with, keys jammed easily
* Graham Bell: telephone, photophone, wax phonograph records, radar, National Geo. Society
* electric lights and telephones are everywhere, phonograph became beginning of recordable and transmittable sounds, iceberg detector made sailing safer
Ch. 6.2:
-What impact did railroads have on the US?
* kept growing, gave work for people, easier to get around, native american attacks, diseses and wrecks killed people, had to change times, time zones, cities developed, industries, sleeper rail cars,
-Why were many people upset with the railroads?
* took jobs, Recession 1893, Credit Mobilier of America Scandal of 1872, bankruptcy
-What did the Grangers or government do to regulate the railroads?
* trade, bankruptcy, power in numbers, labor union. Granger laws to benfit farmers, set max railroad rates, Munn v. IL. Interstate Commerce Act, ICC, make sure railroads being fair to farmers\
Ch. 6.3:
-Tell me about Andrew Carnegie.
* Scotish Immigrant, steel, Sold company to banker for a billion dollars, worked to be wealthy, learned can make money off of stock, without doing anything, horizontal and vertical integration, (pholprist?), gives money away when close to dieing
-Tell me about John D. Rockefeller.
* hated by alot of people, oil company, rishest person in world then, maybe would have been today, undersell competition, selling at a lost,
-What was Social Darwinism and how did it apply to business?
* Charles Darwin, pushing other companies out of the way, sending them out of buisness, bigger one buys out smaller one, survial of the fittest
-Explain how companies formed monopolies(vertical/horizontal integration, trusts).
* monopoly, Trust, John Rockfeller, trying to buy out other oil companies, railroads and shipping companies move oil and steel etc, trying to buy out your transportantion and suppliers
-How did the government try to regulate business?
* set price, Sherman Trust Act, anti-trust act, etc.,
-What are labor unions and what is their purpose?
child labor laws. overtime, minimun wage, injury protection, org. of workers to better worker conditions and wages, a union of laborors, to protect workers' rights,
Were labor unions successful in achieving their goals? Explain/Give examples.
* had alot of people scared to join, didnt wanna be labeled as bad, since labor unions were getting into alot of trouble, craft union is seperate groups, industrial group is everyone in one group, at first no, everyone was against them,
Ch. 7.1: (MY GROUP)
Why did immigrants come to the US?
* escape religious problems, own land, criminals were sent as punishment, Free Thinkers were the first to settle in, better opprunities, seek fortune, work, farming, mining, domestic services, education, escape poverty, political turmoil, ecnomic crisis, PUSH AND PULL FACTORS,
Where did immigrants come from?
* Italy, Austria, Hungary, Russia, western and northern Europe, China, Japan, West Indies, Jamica, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Mexico,
What problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here?
* rarely allowed on decks, traveled in cargo hold, crowed, limit air, disease spread quickly, long trip, had to pass inspections, 3-5 hours long, examination>government inspector, sent back home if failed, chinese were resented, and unfair questions, so would fail, worked for less, had to learn to understand others, viewed as a threat
Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions? (MY QUESTION) SELF EVAL>
shorter bullets, use my own words, more enthustic
Ch. 7.2
Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's?
* Frances Kellor, Urbanization, jobs, Americanization Movement, better jobs, Industral Revolution, Potato Famine, Farming Technology, immigrants,
What problems did cities fact due to the rapid increase in population?
* battles, potato famine, depression, transportion
What did some people do to try to help the bad situation in the cities?
*
Ch. 7.3
What was the political machine and what did they do for a city?
Tell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring.
What caused all this corruption in government?
What laws came about to reform government?
Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield, Chester Arthur, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland and William Mckinley were all presidents during the late 1800's. Were they a reform president or a status quo president?
Ch. 8.1:
-What advances in science and technology help solve urban problems?
Ch. 8.2:
-How did education change in the late 1800's and early 1900's?
Ch. 8.3:
-What laws and restrictions were put on African-Americans and other minorities after Reconstruction ended?
-Explain the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson.
Ch. 8.4:
-Explain what people did for entertainment in the late 1800's and early 1900's.
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