Ch. 8.1:-What advances in science and technology help solve urban problems?cities in the industrial area wzpanded outward and upwardskyscrapersarchitects became able to build higher buildings because of the elevatorthe developement of steel skeletons of the buildings, so it could bare the weightthey built them because of limited spaceelectiric transitas the skyscreapers expaded upward, ttransportation expanded outwardbefore the civil wasr horses pulled streetcars across towns on iron rails embedded in the streetselectuicity transformed the transportation systema few large cities moved their railways far above ground, and called them elevated trainsother cities like new york moved their trains underground and called them subwayscity planningthe city of chicago had explosive growth from 300000 people in 1870the wright brothersin the early 20th century, brothers wilbur and orville wright experimented with engines powerful enough to keep things aloftthe first thing the wright brothers built was a glidertheir first successful fights was on december 17, 1903 in kitty hawk, north carolina. the aircraft flew 120 feet and lasted 12 secondsgeorge eastmanin 1888 eastman intoduced his new invention the kodak camerathe purchase price of this was $25 for the camera and with it came a 100 picture foll of filmto get the film developed you would send the roll of film to new york where eastmans factory wasCh. 8.2:-How did education change in the late 1800's and early 1900's?schools for childrenlaws were passed during 1865 and 1895 that required students between 8 and 14 be in school at least 12-16 weekschildren attended school at a younger agefrom 1880 to 1900 kindergartens rose from 200 to 3000only 34% of African Americans attended school in 1880, 64% were whites1940s was when public school was available to the majority of the black children in the souththe growth of high schoolshalf a million students attended school during the early 1900sincluded courses science, social studies, and civicsracial discriminationracial discrimination was horrible in the 1890s. less than 1% of african american teens attended schoolonly 3% of african americans between 15 an 19 attended schoolmajority of them attending pricate schoolseducation for immigrantshenry ford established "sociology department"wanted people to learn english and the right way to liveexpanding higher educationnumber of students enrolled at high school kept rising, but only a few had diplomasonly 2.3% of america's young people attended colleges and universitieschanges is universities1880-1920 college enrollments quadrupledreserarch university emerged during this time periodit offered modern languages, physical sciences, and new disciplines of psycholofy andso sociologylaw and medicine schools were establishedhigher ed for afican americansout of 9 million african americans only aabout three thousand people were attending colleges by 1900Booker t Washington headed Tuskegee universityweb Du bois was the fist African American to get a doctorate from harvard. he later went on and found the Niagara movementNiagara movement insisted blacks to get a liberal art education. he wanted blacks to be well educated leadersBooker t Washingtonhe believed racism would end when black got useful labor skills and proved their economic value to societyborn enslavedwanted to give blacks teaching diplomas also useful skillsearned support form white peoplew.e.b. Du Boisdisagreed with Washington's approachhad a group of educated blacks attempt to achieve inclusion into mainstreamCh. 8.3:Segregation and Discrimination-What laws and restrictions were put on African-Americans and other minorities after Reconstruction ended?african americans fight legal discriminationsome states in the south limited voting rightsthe grandfather clause stated that if a man failed the literacy test or couldn't pay the poll tax then if his father or grandfather could vote before january 1, 1867-designed to prevent blacks from votingjim crows lawsduring the 1970s and the 1980s supreme court failed to overturn the poll taxor the grandfather clauselaws designed to segragate blacks from whites- segragation lawstunr of the century race relationsracial etiquetteafrican americans were humiliated because of racial etiquetteviolenceafrican americans who did not follow the racial etiquette could face sever punishment such as deathdiscrimination in the northmost african americans in the south thought there was no discrimination in the northin new york city in 1900 a young africna american killed a white police offecer because he thought his wife was being mistreateddiscrimination in the westAfrican Americans were not the only ones discriminated againstMexicans and Chinese in the west the mostMexican workers and the ChineseMexicans worked on railroads in the south westin 1880 there were more than 100,000 immigrants from chinathe Chinese immigrants were often pushed in Chinese segregated schools and neighborhoods-Explain the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson.plessy having dark skin, wanted to sit in an all white skin railway carriage but was asked to sit in an all black railway carriageviolating a 1890 Louisiana law that staed separate but equalthe decision established the doctrine of separate but equal which allowed to maintain segregated facilities for blacks and whites as long as they provided equal serviceat trial with justice john Ferguson presiding. plessy was found guilty on the grounds that the law was a reasonable exercise of the state's police powers based upon custom , usage, and tradition in the stateplessy vs Fergusonplessy filed a petition for rights of prohibition and certiorari in the in the supreme court of Louisiana against Ferguson, asserting that segregation stigmatized blacks and stamped them with a badge of inferiority in violation of the thirteenth and fourteenth amendmentsCh. 8.4:-Explain what people did for entertainment in the late 1800's and early 1900's
Comments