Muckrakers
- Muckrakers were people who wrote for popular magazines about the injustices of the government
- Mainly focused on exposing crime an corruption
- relegations of public muckrakiong led to public outcry, an investigations
- Upton Sinclair-published a book about the conditions of meat packing
- Ray stannard baker-published a book about conditions of coal mining (Ida Tarbell)
- Nellie bly-original muckraker published a book called "Ten days in the mad house" trying to expose patient abuse.
Conservation
- 1887-40 million acres are set aside for national forest reserve
- lands were overused
- roosevelt condemned that the worlds natural resources are not replaceable
- nation reclamation act of 1902-new land act
Aiding the poor
Social gospel movement-preached salvation through the serice to the poor.
Made working conditions better
settlement houses
improve treatment of africanan native americans
improved conditions for factory workers an workers in general
gave some finacial help to the poor
House settlements
Community centers in slum neighborhoods that provide assisstance to immigrants an the poor
Ran mainly by middle class peopleJane Addams-one of the most influential members of the movement
1890 Janie Poter Barrett-locust street social settlement. First african american settlement house
Hampton,Virgina
By1910-400 settlement houses were across the nation
Regulating Food and Drugs
False advertising
no labels
food contained drugs
people became addicted
drugs could be dispensed anywhere
meat packing plants were quite unsatisfactory
president roosevelt comissioned a group of experts to investigate
the reports came back saying they were disgusting and in 1906manufactors had some crazy claims when it came to their products
some gave you your hair back, others cured cancer
good medicibnes even had opium or coke or other drugs in them
Efficent in the work place
Assembly line was invented
Created more managable work for women and children
got work done in a more timely manner
some people coulndt handle it because it moved so quickly
beileved that old was inefficent an useless
assembly lines, machines
more done in less time
used science, engineering, and technology
IE-the city manager system
Breaking down the work
Discovered seperating big jobs into smaller jobs was more efficent
had the physically comptent do a of the hard labormentally comptent do the mental labor
nearly doubled production in mant factories
Segregation
Blacks were seperated from whites by:
- law
- private action in transportation
- public accomindations
- recreational fgacilities
- prisons
- armed forces
- schools-both in the north an south
- better paying opurtunites became available in towns
- women had new options for finding jobs
- men's labor unions excluded them from membership
- turn of century-1 out of 5 women had a job
- 25% of women worked in manufactoring
- garment trade claimed half of all women workers
- received half or less amount of pay than their male counterparts
- manyh women were singvle and wereassumed they supported themselves
- some women did domestic work like cleaning for other families
- after 2 million some african americans women were feed, poverty pushed nearly half of them in to the work force
- women lead reform-women pushed for reform due to: dangerous working conditions
- many women started attending colleges
- vasser college accepted its first female students in 1865
- smith and wesley college followed in 1875
- columbia,brown, and harverd refused to accept women, but opened seperate colleges for women
- 19th century-marriage wasn't a women's only choice
- almost half of all college educated never married
- women not allowed to vote or run for office
- women reformers wanted to improve working and hiome conditions
- women became upset after the seneca falls convention of 1848
- were angered black men had the right to vote, but women didnt
- national american woman suffrage association(NAWAS) founded in 1869
- 1913-the 16th amendment legalized a graduated fedral income tax
- this provided money by taxing individual and corporate earnings
- by 1917-the goverment was getting more money on imcome tax than it had ever gotten from igh tariffs
- Today, income taxes are the main source of money for the government
- early 1900's afdrican americans were prohibited from white america no rights, no justice
- president roosevelt failed to support black americans NAACP was founded by liberal whites to advance black issuses
- the civil rights movement took place between 1955 an 1968
- 1964 civil rights bill outlawed discrimination
Reforming Elections
- Initiative-bill originated by the people rather than the lawmakers
- William S.U'Ren wanted a secret ballot
- the iniative an referendum gave people power to create laws
- people could petition to place an iniative on the ballot
- natural disasters played big parts in city governments
- a hurricane an tidal wave knocked out the entire town of galveston, texas
- people elected a city council to make laws
- the council finds a manager, usually someone with a lot of training and/or experience to run the cities
- managers were administering
Taxation an banking
the 16th amendment was a huge part of history
the amendment stated: the congree shall have power to lay an collect taxes on incomes from whatever source derived
the amendment didnt expand more power to the federal government
the revenue act of 1913-put a 1% tax on net personal incomes that were above $3,000, with 6% surtax on incomes
first bank ever built was in 1791
the panic of 1907 the bankers thought they wouldnt manage. they were the only country who didnt have a central bank.
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