Military
Maurya Empire
-The Maurya Empire was founded after the death of Alexander the Great
-The first 3 emperors were Chandragupta Maurya, Bindusara Maurya, and Ashoka Maurya.
--All of the emperors were able to to gain land.
Maurya Empire Military
-9,000 elephants
-8,000 chariots
-30,000 cavalry
-750,000 soldiers
-War elephants had swords on their trunks.
Gupta Empire
-Chandra Gupta was dying and he told his son to rule the world.
-His son went on a extreme military campaign.
-He conquered Bengal, Nepal, Assam, Malava, and eventually Ujjayini.
Gupta Empire Military
-500,000 infantry
-50,000 cavalry
-20,000 charioteers
-10,000 elephants
-Navy with more than 1,200 ships
-At its height they had more than 3/4 million soldiers
Buddhism
Stupas:
-Mound like structure
-Typically the ashes of deceased
-Used by Buddhists as a place of meditation.
-Five types of Stupas:
--Relic: reamins of Buddhist leaders
--Object: objects that belonged to Buddhist leaders.
--Commemorative: commemorative events in life of Buddha and his disciples.
--Symbolic: symbolizes aspects of Buddhist theology.
--Votive: constructed to commemorate visits or to gain spiritual benefits.
Theravada:
-Is the oldest surviving Buddhist branch
-The more conservative of the 2 major traditions of Buddhism
-It is practiced mainly in Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos.
Buddhism:
-Historians estimate that the founder of Buddhism is Siddhartha Gautama commonly known as Buddha.
-It's a religion home to the Indian subcontinent that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs, and practices largely based on teachings where the people worshiped Buddha.
-Buddha is recognized as being an awakening and enlightening teacher.
-Thought of more as a "way of life" than religion.
-Practice meditation
-The Four Noble Truths: the truth of suffering, the truth of the cause of suffering, the truth of the end of suffering, and the truth of the path that leads to the end of suffering.
-Believe in karma, which in turns determines reincarnation (believe after death that they will be reborn again).
-There are 6 planes in which they can be reborn. Into the 3 fortunate realms and the 3 unfortunate realms.
-3 fortunate realms: the realm of demigods, the realm of gods, and the realm of men.
-3 unfortunate realms: of animals, ghosts and hell-suffer untold suffering, the suffering of the realm of man is far less.
Buddhism and Hinduism Arts
Behind Buddhist Art
-Originated from Indian subcontinent
-Spread from contact with other cultures throughout Asia.
-Influenced the development of Hindu art
-Buddhist art flourished and even influenced the development of Hindu art:
--Buddhism almost disappeared in India
-Worked with brick, wood, thatch, and bamboo
-made stone railings, gateways, and sculptures (stupas)
-Painted scrolls
-Made images of nature
-God/goddesses
Behind Hinduism Art
-According to the Hindu view, there were 4 goals of life on earth, and each human being should aspire to all 4.
-Everyone should aim for dharma, okama or human and rightous living; Artham or wealth aquired through the pursuit of a profession, sexual love, and finally moksha or spiritual salvation.
-Costume decoration
-Perfume
-Jewerly making
Advancements
Medicine
-Ayurveda (life knowledge) is the ancient science of med. that originated in India.
-Used the practice of herbal medicine.
-Believed that body has 3 types of energy that controlled and affected the body (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha)
Surgery
-Introduced as a common practice
-Sushruta came up with 120 surgical instruments, 300 procedures, 8 surgery classifications.
Literature
-Greatest time for poetry and drama
-Well known writer was Kalidasa (was an Indian dramatist and poet) classical Sanskrit writer
-Sanskrit: classical language in India
-2 categories of lit. (Sruti-listened to or heard and Smriti-remembered or memorized)
Math
-Decimal number system developed.
-Early contributions to study of concept of zero as a number, neg. numbers, arithmetic, and alg.
-Trig (sine and cosine)
-Early, simplified versions of Calc.
Astronomy
-Used stars and planets to create astrological charts.
-Calculation of occurrences of eclipses.
-Determination of Earth's circumference.
-Talking about the theory of gravitation.
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