Hinduism
- A diverse body of religion, philosophy, and cultural practice
- Native to India
- Belief in reincarnation and a supreme being of many forms and natures
- Brahma- Hindu creator god
- Senior member of the triad of great gods
- He felt alone and separated from the world
- Split himself and created the god Shatapura
- Vishnu- The Hindu preserver god
- God of preservation and protection of creation
- Often represented resting on the coiled serpent Shesha
- Never sleeps
- When the forces of good and evil are not balanced, he comes down to earth to make them balanced
- Shiva- The destroyer god
- Shiva is the destroyer of the world
- Often seen with a third eye, cobra necklace, vibhuti, and a trident. Sometimes represented as half man and half woman
- Is known to have a wild passion, which causes extreme behavior and his relationship with his wife. Paryati brings him balance
- Brahma- Hindu creator god
Buddhism
- Stupas
- mound-like structure
- Typically the ashes of deceased
- used by Buddhists as a place of meditation
- five types
- relic: remains of Buddhist leaders
- object: objects that belonged to leaders
- commemorative: events in life of Buddha and his disciples
- symbolic: aspects of Buddhist theology
- votive: constructed to commemorate visits or to gain spiritual benefits
- Theravada:
- is the oldest surviving Buddhist branch
- the more conservative of the two major traditions of Buddhism
- It is practice mainly in Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos
- Buddhism
- Historians estimate that the founder of Buddhism is Siddhartha Gautama commonly known as Buddha
- it's a religion home to the Indian subcontinent that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs, and practices largely based on teachings where the people worshiped Buddha
- Buddha is recognized as being an awakening and enlightening teacher
- Though of more as a way of life than religion
- Practice meditation
- The four Noble Truths: the truth of suffering, the cause of suffering, the truth of the end of suffering, and the truth of the path that leads to the end of suffering
- Believe in karma, which in turns determines reincarnation
- There are six planes in which they can be reborn. Into the Three fortunate realms and three unfortunate realms
- The three fortunate realms: the realm of demigods, the realm of gods, and the realm of men
- The three unfortunate: of animals, ghosts, and hell
Buddhism and Hinduism Art
- Originated from Indian subcontinetnt
- Spread from contact with other cultures throughout Asia
- Influenced the development of Hindu art
- Buddhist art flourished and even influenced the development to Hindu art
- Buddhism almost disappeared in India around the 10th century
- Worked with-brick, wood thatch, and bamboo
- Made- stone railings, gateways, and sculptures, stupas
- Painted scrolls
- Made images of nature
- God/Goddesses
- According the Hindu view, there are four goals of life on earth, and each human being should aspire to all four
- Made costume decorations
- perfume
- jewelry
- magic and illusions
- ointment
- manual desterity
- skills of cooking, eating and drinking
- beverages
- sewing
- embroidery
Advancements
- Medicine
- Ayurveda is the ancient science of medicine that originated to India
- Used the practice of herbal medicine
- Believed the body has 3 types of energy
- Vata
- Pitta
- Kapha
- Surgery
- Surgery was introduced as a common practice
- Sushruta came up with 120 surgical instruments, 300 procedures, and 8 surgery classifications
- He also created plastic surgery first called forehead flap rhinoplasty
- Ayurveda is the ancient science of medicine that originated to India
- Literature
- Greatest time for poetry and drams
- Well know writer of this time was Kalidasa who was an Indian dramatist and poet
- Kalidasa was a classical Sanskrit writer
- Sanskrit is classical language in India
- Sruti
- Listened to or heard
- Smriti
- Remembered or memorized
- Math
- The decimal number system still used today was first developed in India
- Made early contributions to the study of the concept of zero as a number, negative numbers, arithmetic, and algebra
- Trig
- Sine and Cosine
- Early simplified versions of Calculus
- 2 centuries before the official invention
- Works consisted of different sections
- Sutras- set of rules or problems in verse to help the student memorize them
- Prose commentary- composed by several scholars that described the problem in detail
- Everything was orally told until 599 BC
- Astronomy
- Ancient India used stars and planets to create astrological charts
- Calculation of occurrences of eclipses
- Determination of Earth's circumference
- Theorizing about the theory of gravitation determining that the sun was a star
- Determination of number of planets under our solar system
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