Hinduism- a diverse body of religion, philosophy, and cultural practice, native to India, belief in reincarnation and supreme being of many forms and natures
Deities (Hindu triumvirate)- Brahma the Hindu creator god, Vishnu the Hindu preserver god, Shiva, the Hindu destroyer god
Brahma- the Hindu god of creation, senior member of the triad of great gods, felt alone and separated from the world, split himself and created the god Shatapura
Vishnu- god of preservation and protection of creation, represented resting on the coiled serpent Shesha, never sleeps, forces of good and evil are not balanced, Vishnu will incarnate himself as a human so set the forces equal
Shiva- destroyer of the world so that it can be recreated, also called lord of the dance, often seen with a 3rd eye and cobra necklace, vibhuti (3 horizontal lines on forehead made from white ash), and a trident, represented half man half woman, known to have a wild passion, causes extreme behavior and relationship with wife, Paryati brings him balance
Military Conquest- Maurya Empire, founded after the death of alexander the great, first three emperors were Chandragupta, bindusara, ashoka, all emperors were able to gain land
Military- 9000 elephants, 8000 chariots, 30000 cavalry, 750000 soldiers, war elephants had swords on their trunks
Gupta Empire- Chandra Gupta was dying and he told his son to rule the world, his son went on an extreme military campaign, conquered Bengal, Nepal, Assam, Malava, and eventually Ujjayini
Gupta Military- 500000 infantry, 50000 cavalry, 20000 charioteers, 10000 elephants, navy with more than 1200 ships, at its height they had more than ¾ million soldiers
Buddhism
Stupas- mound like structure, typically the ashes of deceased, used by Buddhists as a place of meditation, five types: relic, remains of Buddhist leaders. Object: objects that belonged to Buddhist leaders. Commemorative, events in life of Buddha and his disciples. Symbolic, symbolizes aspects of Buddhist theology. Votive, constructed to commemorate visits or to gain spiritual benefits
Theravada- the oldest surviving Buddhist branch, the more conservative of the two major traditions of Buddhism, it is practiced mainly in Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos
Buddhism- historians estimate that the founder of Buddhism is Siddhartha Gautama commonly known as Buddha, religion home to the Indian subcontinent that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs, and practices largely based on teachings where the people worshiped Buddha, Buddha is recognized as being an awakening and enlightening teacher, thought of more as a way of life than a religion, practice meditation
The four noble truths- the truth of suffering, cause of suffering, end of suffering, and path that leads to the end of suffering
Believe in karma, which in turn determines reincarnation, belief after death they will be reborn again, there are six planes in which they can be reborn , 3 fortunate and 3 unfortunate realms
Fortunate- demigods, gods, and men
Unfortunate- animals, ghosts and hell (suffer untold suffering), the suffering of the realm of man is far less
Art of Buddhism and Hinduism- Theravada the doctrine of the elders
Buddhist Art- originated from Indian subcontinent, spread from contact with other cultures throughout Asia, influenced the development of Hindu art, Buddhist at flourished an even influenced the development of Hindu are, almost disappeared in India around the 10th century
Worked with brick, wood, thatch, and bamboo, made stone railings, gateways, sculptures, and stupas, painted scrolls, made images of nature, gods and goddesses
Hindu Art- there are four goals of life on earth, and each human being should aspire to all four, aim for dharma, okama ( human living), artha(wealth), exual love, moksha (spiritual salvation)
Made- costume decorations, perfume, jewelry, magic, ointments, manual dexterity, cooking eating and drinking skills, beverage and dessert preparation, sewing, embroidery
Advancements in medicine, literature, math, astronomy and performing arts
Medicine- Ayurveda life knowledge is the ancient science of medicine that originated in india, used practice of herbal medicines, believed the body has 3 energys that controlled the body and affected health
Vata- motion including blood circulation
Sugery introduced as a common practice, sushruta came up with 120 surgical instruments, 300 procedures, 8 classifications, created plastic surgery
Greatest time for poetry and drama, known writer kaladasa, and indian dramatist and poet, classical Sanskrit writer, sanskrit was a classical language in india
2 categories- sruti-listened to, smriti-memorized
Decimal system still used today first developed in india, contributions to the study of zero being a number, negative numbers, arithmetic, and algebra, first to use sine and cosine, simplified versions of calculus,two centuries before the official invention
Sutras-set of rules and problems in verse to help the student memorize
Prose Commentary- composed by several scholars that described the problem in detail
Astronomy- used stars and planets to create charts, calculate eclipse occurrences, determined earths circumference, theory about gravity, determined sun was a start, determined number of planets under our solar system
Arybhata, presented a mathematical system that the sun spins on an axis and considered the motion of the planets in respect to the sun,
Comments