Stalwarts wanted the white rich man to keep power. Half breeds wanted to help everyone, but not the african americans right away.Presentations again.■Chapter 5:1.■Describe Native American culture.■Around the missouir river: osage, iowa, sioux, cheyenne, had horses so they were faster at moving and easier to hunt. They planted crops, and hunted.Were nomadic.■hunter and gathers■They lived in extended families■young men: were huntess and warriors■young women: buthered game and prepared hides■Why did settlers/people move to the Great Plains?■ they thought it was unsettled and had the right to live there, looking for gold and silver. Gold in Colorado. Own land. Railroads. Mining. Farming.■How did the US gov't deal with Native Americans in the mid to late 1800's? What were their policies?-that the great plains as indian terrotories-sand creek reserve-Wage war against them. Dawes Act. Simulation: Tried to Americanize the Native Americans. Put specific boundaries up for them.■Dawes Act: Broke up reservations and gave some land to individual Native Americans. 160 Acres to the head of the house hold. 80 to unmarried adults.■Describe a cowboy's life.-Cowboys attended ranches. Worked on Ranches 10-14 hours a day. Starved Longhorns until they wanted to graze.Ch. 5.2:■How did railroads and the Homestead Act help settle the Great Plains?-brought people to the great plains, offered 160 free acres to any citzens who was head of the household-only 10% land was actually settled by families-iowa and minnesota were enough but the western need more farming■What challenges did settlers face on the Great Plains?-fires, floods, droughts, blizzard,■What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?■-machinery was really expersive and railraods increased the cost to ship goodsCh. 5.3:■What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?-prices of crops were falling and so they had to mortgage their families so they could buy more land to produce goods-banks were foreclosing. Problems with railroads. Good farming land was getting harder to get.■Who were the Populists and what did they believe in?■-is the movement of people-farmers and the common people. Helped the farmers.■Tried to increase the money supply which would cause people to pay more to the farmers. Started the 8-hour work day. Started a fereral loan program (helped farmers). Put restrictions on immigration. Eventually became progressives.■Didn't get those passed right at the time. They later would.■The Grange (1867)- Organization of farmers. Fighting back against railroads. Railroads were over charging farmers to use their railroads.-Farmers Alliance: Groups of people that sympathized with farmers. Grew to 4 million people.■-WHAT THEY WANTED?-increase money supply, 8 hour work day, federal loan program, secret ballotCh. 6.1:-What caused the Industrial revolution to really take off in the late 1800's? Wealth of natural resources, government support for business,, growing urban population, cheap labor and marketss for new products,Government support for busines: laissez-fairre.-What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives?-Light bulb, provide light for people at night.-Typewriter, helped people write letters easier, helped women get more job opportunities was nvented by Christopher Sholes.-Telephone wasinvented by Alexander Graham Bell,-Refrigerator allowed foods to last longer. Less food poisoning.Ch. 6.2:-What impact did railroads have on the US?-Easier to move westward, trade goods quickly.- Brought hope andfaith to Americans.- Veterans were the one who made the tracks. Native Americans attacked the sometimes.- Set up the time zones.-Why were many people upset with the railroads? Misuse of government land grants, railroads sold to other businesses rather than to settlers as the government intended. Over charged farmers.-What did the Grangers or government do to regulate the railroads? Took political action. Established maximumfreight and passenger rates and prohibit discrimination. Took state and local political canadates.Grangers were farmers who came together to fight against the railroads.Ch. 6.3-Tell me about Andrew Carnegie.He was from scotland, and he ended up moving to the United States when he was 12. In 1846 had his own job when he was 18, it was as a personal secretary got to buy a stock, he got a lot of money ended up leaving his job, left his job 1865 opened his first steeal mill in 1875 one of the first men to use the new business stategy.-Tell me about John D. Rockefeller.born july 8, 1839 raised turkeys and did chores made a nickel or so a week. by 16 had his first real job at the town libraries. at young age had signs of a major player in the business world..good signs to be a good business man when he gets older. founder of stardard oil.-What was Social Darwinism and how did it apply to business?natural selection..applied to business Herbert Spencer was the first man to apply the process tot eh business used it to explain how human society was evolving eventually poeple started sung it to justify the Doctrine of Laissez Faire-Explain how companies formed monopolies(vertical/horizontal integration, trusts).vertical intregration. ....buying your own products to control thransportation and raw materials. horizontal--combinign companies making simular products.-How did the government try to regulate business?Sherman Anti trust Act the Doctrine of Laissez Faire was supported by many peopl including William G Summer a profressor at Yale Doctrine stated the marketplace couldn't be regulated becasue it was controllsed by natural law-What are labor unions and what is their purpose?a group of workerd joined together for a certain cause everyone was involved! to get better working condictions was there goal fewer hours and better pay..did not succeed at first because nobody took them seriously..some poeple were scared. less money for the owner.Were labor unions successful in achieving their goals? Explain/Give examples.No, but then it changed after a while.Ch. 7.1:Why did immigrants come to the US?-At first they were called birds of passage adn they temporarily immigrate to the US to earn money and then go back,promise of a better life,escape femine,land shortagesreligions,political persecution,push & pull FactorsWhere did immigrants come from?1870-1920 europeans1907 Italy, Austria-Hungary, and Russia1851-1883 chineese,Mexico,Cuba,Puerto RicoJapanJamaicaWhat problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here?steamship (small confined areas, culdn't get much air, slept in lice infested bunks, disease spread quickly)Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions?Because it was one of the major immigration station in the US (Elise Island)They had to pass a physical examHad to have at least 25 dollarsHarsh questioninglong detention waiting to answer the questions (Angel Island)people didn't like them for being immigrants-they felt that the immigratants were taking jobs from americans because they would accept less payCh. 7.2Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's? cities were the cheapest,offered unskilled laborers steady jobs,schools,religion, culture, tradition, language, and migration from country to cities, farmers lost their jobs so they had to find work in the citiesWhat problems did cities fact due to the rapid increase in population?their wasn't alot of housing1879 government passed a law saying houses had to have airshafts, garbage pickup, and plumbingtransportation- 1873 street cars came, 1897 electric subwayswater- 1870's filtering and chlorination was introducedWhat did some people do to try to help the bad situation in the cities?-Helping the poor, Jane Adams, Settlement houseCh. 7.3What was the political machine and what did they do for a city?- a political machine is an organized group that controlled the activities of a political party and also offered services to voters and businesses in exchange for political or financial support, was organized like pyrimad, base-local worker and captains who gained voters support, ward bosses helped the poor to gain their vote, city boss who controlled activities for the political party, political boss was the head of the political machine,Tell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring.- William Tweed or “Boss Tweed” became the head of Tammy Hall, New York’s powerful democratic political machine in 1868, around 1869 he led a group known as the Tweed Ring, which was a corrupt group of politicians, tweed was accused of 120 counts of fraud and extortion and sentenced to 12 years in jail later reduced to 1 year, after he left he was rrested for another charge and escaped during his second sentence,What caused all this corruption in government?- The kickback, is when the government would overcharge taxpayersWhat laws came about to reform government?-Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883- authorized a bipartisan vicil service commission to make appointments to federal jobs through a merit system based on canidates performance on an examinationUlysses S. Grant- , Rutherford B. Hayes-Reform , James Garfield-was status quo but turned Reform , Chester Arthur- , Grover Cleveland-Reform , Benjamin Harrison-Status Quo , Grover Cleveland- and William Mckinley-were all presidents during the late 1800's. Were they a reform president or a status quo president?-Stalwarts=status quo. Half Breeds=reform.Ch. 8.1:-What advances in science and technology help solve urban problems?- skyscrapers, electric transit(trolly cars that were pulled by horses, and there were trolly rails that were dug into the ground), suspended bridges with steel cable, urban parks for large cities,Ch. 8.2:-How did education change in the late 1800's and early 1900's?- the literacy rate was increasing,Ch. 8.3:-What laws and restrictions were put on African-Americans and other minorities after Reconstruction ended?- blacks couldn’t vote and they had to pass a literacy test(be able to read and write), poll tax (you had to pay it each year so you could vote), the grandfather clause was passed which said, that if you couldn’t read or write or pay the tax, you could still bote if your grandfather or father had been able to vote, Segregation laws-whites and blacks were seperated in public areas, these laws were called Jim Crows Laws after a popular song that ended with jump, Jim Crow.-Explain the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson.- It split our country between blacks and whites (ruled that segregation was legal, and it ruled against the 14th amendment-no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.)Ch. 8.4:-Explain what people did for entertainment in the late 1800's and early 1900's.- amusement parks, bycycling, tennis, spectator sports, baseball, fine arts, fiction books, urban shopping, department storesCh. 9.1-Define the Progressive Era and why it started(goals).-proctecting social welfare, ( soften harsh conditions of industrialization) promoting moral improvement,( WCTU was the largest women's group) creating economic reform, fostering efficiency( made society and workplace more efficient)-What is prohibition? Why did people want prohibition to come about? What tactics were used to bring about prohibition? the banning of alcohol.. the prohibitionsh feared that alchohol was undermining the american morals.. womens group WCTU, they women would sing and pray in saloons-Describe the impact aid organizations had on our country. YMCA( young men christian association) and salvation-What did the 18th Amendment do and why did people want it? the banning of alcohol-What is socialism? How was it started in the United States? the economic system the government owns and controls capital and sets prices and production levels. it started by Eugene V Deds-What/who were muckrakers and what impact did they have on our country? magazine journalist who exposed the corrupt side of business and public life impacted: changed the elections, reports corrupted city and state levels Examples: meat packing plants.. Upton Sincerlar-What did local government do to reform itself during the Progressive Era? city councils to help rebuild the town after a hurricane. in 1917, 500 cities made their own governments, had managers in city departments-What did businesses do to bring better efficiency to their business? break it down into smaller parts, assembly lines, increased the pay, and reduced hours-What did the progressives do to make the workplace safer? child labor laws, couldnt opperate at night,-What did the progressives do to help end or reduce child labor? Illinios Factory Act:: prohibited child labor and limited womens working hours-What did progressives do to help workers reduce the number of hours they had to work? reduced the hours to 10 hours and they took it to court-What did progressives do to bring about better wages for workers? minumuim wage laws were passed-What did progressives do to make our country more democratic? 17th amendment, 19th amendment (womens vote), recall (impreachment, if the governer was doing a bad job, you could get a recall) , referendum, initiative,( allows the people to start a bill, they would get signatures) direct primary( , *secret ballot-What did the 17th Amendment do? in 1913, provides for the election of US senators by the people rather than by state legislature * gave americans more of a voice.. like laws, election legislators, increased women into the public lifeCh. 9.2-Describe the major social changes that affected women during the Progressive Era. worked, went to college. FARM WOMEN: cooking, making clothes, cleaning INDUSTRY: better pay oppertunities, 25% of women worked in the industry-Describe women's push for suffrage(voting) and the passing of the 19th Amendment.NAWC, held marches, the 14 and 15th amendment, susan b anthony,-Describe some women who were leaders in the push for suffrage and temperance? susan b anthony, Elizebeth Cady StantonTeddy Roosevelt was a Trust Breaker. He broke up Monopolys.Ch. 9.3-Describe the major accomplishments of Teddy Roosevelt as President.police polishoner. won govenor of new york. came vice president. became president. boxed MAKING THE SQUARE DEAL fought in Spanish American War-Square Dealmakes everythign equal. helps out both side helped win the election in 1904-Breaking up strikesafter 5 months after they were striking the pool resultes were low Teddy settled it and made their work day shorter 10% raise and could not strike for 3 years-Regulating railroadswanted fereral regulation passed acts to regulate railroads..Elkins Act made illegal to ship and regulate on specific railroads..rebates and railroad passes-Regulating food and drugspeer food act Food and Drug Act passed in 1906..packing plants-Conservationsaving natrual resouces and saving land..before Roosevelt nobody paid attention to natural resouces late 19th century people were careless and did not help with the enviroment several natural parks..BIG ON CONSERVATION!! he had a love for nature-Civil Rightsnobody really cared abotu civil rights. african americans made an association of the colored poeple. Roosevelt didn't do much to help out!Ch.9.4-Describe the major accomplishments and problems of William Howard Taft's presidencybroke up trusts, Standard Oil...railroads..postal service..passed the Payne-Aldrich Bill problems--not as outgoing BORING! promised to lower tariffs never wanted to be president-Payne-Aldrich Tariffsep up to tax regulation that fialed to reduce tariffs on manufactured lowered certain tariffs on goods entering the US the debate over the bill caused the Republican Party to split..-Land disputespoeple made up thier minds that are natural resources must be conserved..-Breaking up truststhe Anitrust Act-Break-up of the Republican Partyhad to do with Payne Tariff Act-Describe the outcome of the 1912 Presidential Election.Willian Taft was is the Rebuplican party..Roosevelt must democrat!! Wiklson won with only 42 percent of the popular vote..he claimed he would break up trust and expanded in the governmentCh. 9.5-Describe the major accomplishments/issues of Woodrow as President.Made the national banking systemlimited the work day to 8 houtsfederal reserve actlead us in world war 1federal trade commissionProblems:caused segregation of black and white in DC military and federal government-Breaking up trustsClayton Antitrust Act, prohibited corporations from performing a monoplyif a company ciolated this law officers could be prosecutedthis act was to strengthen the sherman antitrust actit also specified in trying to help the labor unions and the farm organizationsit also made strikes,boycotts, and peaceful picketing legal-Underwood Tariffin 1913 wilson worked hard to reduce tariffs rateit reduced the ocerall tariff to approximately 25 percenteliminated the tax entirely on steel, wool, clothing, and sugar and created a federal income tax-16th Amendmentallows congress to tax citizens so the fovernment can make moneylarger income tax rate were taxed highter then lower income ratesthe fovernment was receiving the more money from taxes then they had ever got from tariffs-Federal Reserve Systemallows private bankng system under federal controlfederal banks could transfer funds to member banks in troublethis saved a lot of people from losing their money and having the banks closeits a bankers bank-Limits to Progressivism under Wilsonwilson promised to treat black equally and speak out against lynching
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