Friday, October 14th 2011

[Joey Hanson]

Ch. 5.1:-Describe Native American culture.Mostly osage, iowa, sioux, and cheyenne. hunters and gathers, horses were given to tribes. young men were hunters and warriors, women would butcher game and prepare hides children were taught through story telling. Tribes wernt controlled by one person.-Why did settlers/people move to the Great Plains?Manifest destiny, Cattle raching, Farming, and Looking for Gold and Silver and Other Riches.-How did the US gov't deal with Native Americans in the mid to late 1800's? What were their policies?Tried to Americanize the Native Americans. Dawes Act don't forget.-Describe a cowboy's life.A cowboy is a Man who tends cattle on ranches in North America. Work on ranches for 10 -14 hours a day. Started spring with the Spring roundup from Texas to Kansas.Ch. 5.2:the 5-2 person is here so we are doing 5-2 finally-How did railroads and the Homestead Act help settle the Great Plains? Companies were givin grants and travel was easier. Free land to and citzen who was head of houshold for the homestead act, aimed for farmers to start homestead but instead rich people would buy for free and sell for money, land speculators.-What challenges did settlers face on the Great Plains? No fertile land, lot of blizards, outlaws, fires, floods, toubles growing crops, droughts, insects, and native americans.-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains? Debt, high price machinery, cost of grain.Ch. 5.3:-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?Prices for crops, land becoming scarce, losing farms, but mostly just debt.-Who were the Populists and what did they believe in?Movement of none rich people and they fought against rich white people and they wanted a increase in money supply, 8 hour work day, graduated income tax.Check 5-3 if don't understandCh. 6.1:-What caused the Industrial revolution to really take off in the late 1800's?Cheap labor and markets for new products, growing urban population, Ceaper Steel, wealth of natural resources, and Government support for small business-What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives?Bessemer Process, Light Bulb, Typewriter(First only had CAPS), Telephone,Ch. 6.2:-What impact did railroads have on the US?Let us go West faster. Also trade goods faster. Set up Time Zones.-Why were many people upset with the railroads?Taking up peoples land, and misuse by Government.-What did the Grangers or government do to regulate the railroads?establish max freight and passenger rates and prohibit discrimination but wasn't fair to African AmericansCh. 6.3:Check page 242 in book-Tell me about Andrew Carnegie.Born in 1835, moved to US in 1848, first job when he was 13 and earned $1.20, his first check from investing stocks was for a whole $10, Carnegie Steel Company produced more steel than all of Great Britain.-Tell me about John D. Rockefeller.Born July 8.1839 and started first business at age of 19. Established the Standard Oil Company in Ohio and paid emeployees extremly low wages. Used trust agreements to merge with other companies.-What was Social Darwinism and how did it apply to business?Social Darwinism states that the stronger business will dominate the weaker business.-Explain how companies formed monopolies(vertical/horizontal integration, trusts).A monoply is when one company owns a whole area of some good so then they will jack up the prices to whatever they want.-How did the government try to regulate business?Sherman act-What are labor unions and what is their purpose?workers were paid a little a week and the Labor Unions would benefit the workers in dangerous working conditsions.-Were labor unions successful in achieving their goals? Explain/Give examples.No early on but later they will start achieving their goals.Ch. 7.1:-Why did immigrants come to the US?Money, Gold, Silver, Religon,-Where did immigrants come from?Almost everywhere-What problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here?Ellis Island-Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions?Anti Asian Act.Ch. 7.2**Social Gospel Movement-Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's?Immigrants-What problems did cities fact due to the rapid increase in population?Horse crap everywhere, Housing, no Garbage collection,-What did some people do to try to help the bad situation in the cities?Jane Adams, Social Gospel MovementCh. 7.3What was the political machine and what did they do for a city?A political machine is an organized group that controlled the activities of a political party and also offered services to voters and businesses in exchange for political or financial support, was organized like pyrimad, base-local worker and captains who gained voters support, ward bosses helped the poor to gain their vote, city boss who controlled activities for the political party, political boss was the head of the political machine,Tell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring.William Tweed or “Boss Tweed” became the head of Tammy Hall, New York’s powerful democratic political machine in 1868, around 1869 he led a group known as the Tweed Ring, which was a corrupt group of politicians, tweed was accused of 120 counts of fraud and extortion and sentenced to 12 years in jail later reduced to 1 year, after he left he was rrested for another charge and escaped during his second sentence.What caused all this corruption in government?The kickback, is when the government would overcharge taxpayersWhat laws came about to reform government?Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883- authorized a bipartisan vicil service commission to make appointments to federal jobs through a merit system based on canidates performance on an examinationUlysses S. Grant- , Rutherford B. Hayes-Reform , James Garfield-was status quo but turned Reform , Chester Arthur- , Grover Cleveland-Reform , Benjamin Harrison-Status Quo , Grover Cleveland- and William Mckinley-were all presidents during the late 1800's. Were they a reform president or a status quo president?-Stalwarts=status quo. Half Breeds=reform.Ch. 8.1:-What advances in science and technology help solve urban problems?Electric Transit, Skyscaperes, TrollyCh. 8.2:-How did education change in the late 1800's and early 1900's?Laws stated that kids must go to school.Section 2:Laws were passed during 1865 and 1895 that required students between 8-14 be in school at least 12-16 weeks.Children attended school at a younger ageFrom 1880 to 1900 kindergartens rose from 200 to 3,000!Only 34% of African Americans attended school in 188064% were whites in 1880Half a million students attended school during the early 1900sIncluded courses science, social studies, and civicsRacial Discrimination was horrible in the 1890s. Less than 1% of african american teenagers attended school.Only 2.3% of American attended Colleges and Universities1880-1920 college enrollments quadrupledOut of 9 million african americans only about 3,000 people were attending colleges by 1900.- Booker T. Washington headed Tuskegee University. He believed racisim would end when blacks got useful labor skills and proved there economic value to society. -W. E. B. Du Bois was the first african american to get a doctorate from Harvard. He later went on and found the Niagra Movement.Niagra Movement insisted blacks to get a liberal art education. He wanted blacks to be well-educated leaders.Section 4: New Ways to Sell GoodsEarliest shopping center was open in Cleveland, Ohio.Marshall Field opened his own store in 1865. His motto was "Give a lady want she wants." He had that as a motto because he watched own women customers shopped.Chain Stores sold items for less.F.W. Woolworth chain boosted 596 stores by 1911.Advertising was big at the turn of the 20th century.Between 1865-1900 advertisement costs rose from $10 million to $95 million.10 million Americans shopped by mail by 1910.The Post Office created a rural free delievery which brought every package directly to the persons home.13 billion catologs across the United States filled peoples mail boxes by the mid 1900s--How did education change in the late 1800's and early 1900's?Students had to attend school longer, also the amount of kindergartens rose a whole 2,800 kids!Ch. 8.3:-What laws and restrictions were put on African-Americans and other minorities after Reconstruction ended?-Explain the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson.Ch. 8.4:-Explain what people did for entertainment in the late 1800's and early 1900's.Roller Coster, tennis, biking, and baseball.Ch. 9.1-Define the Progressive Era and why it started(goals).to bring change to the worldGoals:protecting social welfare, promoting moral improvement, creating economic reform, fostering efficiency-What is prohibition? Why did people want prohibition to come about? What tactics were used to bring about prohibition?the banning of alcoholthey feared that alcohal was undermining the american moralswomens christain temperance union started the act for prohibition(1874)--The group was strictly all women-Describe the impact aid organizations had on our country.YMCA and Salvation Army-What did the 18th Amendment do and why did people want it?banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol *banned alcohol*-What is socialism? How was it started in the United States?the economic syste the government owns and controls capital and sets prices and production levels.-What/who were muckrakers and what impact did they have on our country?magazine journalists who exposed the corrupt side of business and public life, changed elections, reports corrupted city and state levels-What did local government do to reform itself during the Progressive Era?City councils-What did businesses do to bring better efficiency to their business?broke down into smaller partsassembly linesincreased payreduced hours-What did the progressives do to make the workplace safer?The child labor committee gathered evidence and organized exibitions with photos and statisics-What did the progressives do to help end or reduce child labor?the Illinois factory act prohibited child labor and limited womens working hours-What did progressives do to help workers reduce the number of hours they had to work?10 hour work day for both men and women1908 - Muller vs. Oregon-What did progressives do to bring about better wages for workers?reduced their hours, got better pay-What did progressives do to make our country more democratic?17th amendment, recall, referendum, initiative, direct primary, secret ballot-What did the 17th Amendment do?provides for the election of us senators by the people rather than by state legislatures, increased women into the public lifeEXTRA NOTES FOR 9-1Capitalism (people who own business) vs Socialism (gov't owns business). The USA is a mix of Capitalism and Socialism.Ch. 9.2-Describe the major social changes that affected women during the Progressive Era.they didnt have much moneyfarm women had to do all the stuf on the farm like all the household tasksindustry women had better pay oppertunities-Describe women's push for suffrage(voting) and the passing of the 19th Amendment.improved conditions at work and homes-Describe some women who were leaders in the push for suffrage and temperance.Susan B Anthony -- founded the nation women suffrage association and had mind set that women could voteElizabeth Cady Stanton -- founded NWSA with Susan and introduced the 19th amendment and born on my birthday in the year of 1815Ch. 9.3-Describe the major accomplishments of Teddy Roosevelt as President.became a young leader in politicswon governor of New York and then vice presidentyoungest president at 42 years oldbiggest accomplishment was the square deal**-Square Dealrepresents a fair bargain explaining allsides of an argument and helped him win 1904 election-Breaking up strikesafter 5 months coal reserves were low and roosevelt settled the strikeeventually got 10% raise and 9 hour day but had to give up demand for a closed shop and the right to strike for 3 years-Regulating railroadsroosevelts real goal was federal regulationpassed acts to help regulate railroads-Regulating food and drugsMeat Inspection Act,-ConservationCut down trees then planted more trees.-Civil RightsTeddy did not support civil rights for african americans, 1905 had a civil rights conference in Niagra Falls, 1909 African Americans joined with prominent reformers in New York to found the National Association for Advancement of Colored People, it had over 6,000 membersRoosevelt was a trustbuster.Ch.9.4-Describe the major accomplishments and problems of William Howard Taft's presidency-Accomplishments- breaking up many trusts like the Standard Oil, strengthened the Interstate Commerce Act(enforced it and made sure they were being fair), improving the postal service, Passed the Payne-Aldrich Bill.Problems-never wanted to be president, he wasn’t Teddy, promised lower tariffs(didn’t follow through)-Payne-Aldrich Tariff- was a set of tax regulations, that failed to reduce tariffs on manufactured goods, lowering certain tarrif on goods entering the US, debate over the bill caused the Republicans to split. Republicans split into 2 groups called “Old Guards” and Progressives, Progressives stopped supporting Taft beliefs. That led the split party to lose the 1910 election.-Land disputesGifford pinchot-wilderness areas should have been used for public enjoyment, Rich Billanger removed one million acres of forest and mining land for public use, The Department of The Interior official was fired for going against Billanger’s input, Taft wet with Billanger’s side of the story and Pinchot was fired-Breaking up trusts-trying to remove monopolies, Taft broke up the Standard Oil trust-Breakup of the Republican PartyTeddy starts another party called the “bull moose” party and split the votes with Taft-Describe the outcome of the 1912 Presidential Election.Taft was republican, Wilson was Democrat, Roosevelt had his own group “The Bull Moose Party”, Eugene V. Debs was the Socialist Party. Wilson won with only 42% of the popular vote-promised to break up trusts and to make the social reform expand in the governmentCh. 9.5-Describe the major accomplishments/issues of Woodrow as President.Made the national banking system. lowered the work day to 8 hours a day. federal reserce act. lead us in world war 1. federal trade commision.-Breaking up trusts.Federal trade commision and clayton antitrust act.-Underwood Tariff.Underwood act in 1913 wilson worked hard to reduce tariffs rate. it reduced the overall tariff to approximately 25 percent. eliminated the tax entirely on steel wool clothinig and sugar and created a federal income tax.-16th Amendment allows to tax citizens so the gevernmant can make money.Larger income tax rate were taxed higher than lower income rates. the government was receiving more money from taxes thean they had ever got from tariffs.-Federal Reserve System allowed pricate banking system under federal control federal banks could transfer funds to member banks in trouble.this saved a lot of people from losing their money and having the banks close.-Limits to Progressivism under Wilson.He promised to treat blacks equally and speak out against lynching. The federal atilynching legislation failed and washington DC was segergated.