Ch. 5.1:-Describe Native American culture.Nomadic people. traveled along with the buffalo. wars between tribes were common.lived in groups that spoke the same language. men were trained to be warriors. woman prepared food and shelter as well as making clothes.-Why did settlers/people move to the Great Plains?Settlers were looking for gold. The Sioux didnt like all the settlers invading their land.Land for farming, sheep herding and cattle ranching.-How did the US gov't deal with Native Americans in the mid to late 1800's? What were their policies?Forced them to live on reservations. Tried to convert them to the ways of the white men. Gave them a little bit of land. Planned to provide them with land, but the settlers took the native americans land. Assimilation with the Daws Act.-Describe a cowboy's life.A lot of the cutlture came from the Mexican Vanqueros. Worked the Great Plains. Cowboys were also African American and Mexican. Most people think of cowboys as white males. Spent 10-14 hours on the ranch and many more hours on the trails. Sleeped on the ground and bathed in the river.Ch. 5.2:-How did railroads and the Homestead Act help settle the Great Plains?Homestead act - any citizen was given up to 160 acres of land for the man of each household. Brought people out there.-What challenges did settlers face on the Great Plains?Weather, Native American attacks, and animals.-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?Debt. A bad season so they couldn't pay off their debt. They kept buying more and more land, but they couldn't pay off the previous peace of land they had bought, so their debt just kept building. Not making enough money, drought.Ch. 5.3:-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?Debt from railroads and loans on land. Bad crop seasons. Bad weather.-Who were the Populists and what did they believe in?Farmers, debtors, lower class people. Believed in more representation in the government. Increase in the money supply. An income tax. Eight hour work day and restricions on immigration. Election of the U.S. Senators by popular vote. Single terms for the President and the Vice President. Secret ballot to end vote fraud. More money in circulation so the money they already had was worth more.Ch. 6.1:-What caused the Industrial revolution to really take off in the late 1800's?The discovery of oil, coal and iron ore. Government support for businesses. Growing Urban Population that provided cheap labor and markets for new products.-What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives?Steel Plow - . Skyscraper with steel frame. Incandescent light bulb. Typewriter. Telephone.Ch. 6.3:-Tell me about Andrew Carnegie.Born in Scotland in 1836. Moved to the U.S. in 1848. Started Carnegie Steel Company. by 1899, his company had produced more steel than all of Great Britain.-Tell me about John D. Rockefeller.Born in 1839. Established the Standard Oil Company. nicknamed "Robber Baron." Got rid of all other competition so he could charge whatever prices he wanted. Payed employees poorly and sold oil for less than he bought it to buy out his competition.-What was Social Darwinism and how did it apply to business?Only the biggest and strongest will survive. The weak ones will die off. Big businesses would drive out or buy out small businesses.-Explain how companies formed monopolies(vertical/horizontal integration, trusts).They bought out the other smaller and competing companies so they had control over every part of their product. Refer to pg. 242 in onlne book for vertical and horizontal integration.-How did the government try to regulate business?Passed the Sherman Antitrust Act - made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade between states or with other countries. Broke up monopolies to give other businesses a chance.-What are labor unions and what is their purpose?Organizations that workers join. Try to get better working conditions, reduce amount of hours worked a week, and better pay for workers. Craft unions and industrial unions.Were labor unions successful in achieving their goals? Explain/Give examples.Yes, but it took a very long time and a lot of strikes to achieve their goals.Ch. 7.1:Why did immigrants come to the US?Pull factors - Promise of a better life. Live in the U.S. temporarily to earn money and then move back. Push factors - Escape difficult conditions such as famine, land shortages, religious and political persecution. RIsing population. Not very many jobs to be had.Where did immigrants come from?Countries in Europe such as Italy, Russia, Austria-Hungary, Germany, Great Britain, China, Japan, Jamaica, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Mexico.What problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here?They were put into the cargo holds. Weren't allowed on deck to get fresh air very often. Dirty conditions help spread disease very quickly. Once they got here - Didn't know if they were going to be admitted into our country. Had to find a job. Different culture than they were used to.Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions?They didn't their race or culture. Most of them were Catholic or Jewish and the Americans were protestant. People thought immigrants would take their jobs because they would work for less money. Stop Chinese immigrants from coming over. No more Japanese immigrants could come over. Only if their family was already over here. The U.S. had to stop segregation.Ch. 7.3What was the political machine and what did they do for a city?A network of people that all strive to have their party leader elected into political office. Made of up a City Boss, Precinct Capains, and Precinct Workers. Capmainged to get one person into office. Immigrants needed shelter and food, so the precinct workers would give them money in exchange for their vote.Tell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring.Boss Tweed - Extortionist. While building the New York County courthouse, he charged 13 million dollars and it only cost 3 million dollars to build. Pocketed the extra money to pay off anyone that could bring him down. Political boss in New York City.What caused all this corruption in government?Vote fraud by the political machine. People would vote multiple times for the same person by using false identities. Patronage - spoil system. Giving official positions to campaign assistants and family or friends.What laws came about to reform government?Pendelton Service Act - democrats and republicans working together to make sure most government jobs were given through examinations and tests. People had to take tests and examinations to make sure they were qualified for the job. Got rid of most patronage. McKinley Tariff Act - raised tariffs. Wilson - Gorman Tariff - lowered taxes but increased the federal income tax.Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield, Chester Arthur, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland and William Mckinley were all presidents during the late 1800's. Were they a reform president or a status quo president?Ulysses S. Grant - Status quo president. Rutherford B. Hayes and James Garfield - Rerform presidents. Chester Arthur - Reform president. Grover Cleveland - Reformer and status quo president.Ch. 7.2Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's?Technology in the 19th century. Inventions of the steel plow and reaper.What problems did cities face due to the rapid increase in population?Very crowded from all the people moving in. Police, fire departments, cleaing up the cities. No pipes for water and no indoor plumbing. Diseases such as cholera and typhoid due to dirty water. Crimes due to the large population. Fires because there was limited water to put it out.What did some people do to try to help the bad situation in the cities?Developed a voluntary fire department. Developed a police department. Create suburbs to lessen the population in the cities. Create sewer lines.Ch. 8.1:-What advances in science and technology help solve urban problems?Skyscrapers - made more space in the cities because they could build vertically instead of horizontally, Electric streetcars - trollies, subways. Made transportation easier. Central Park - Beautified the city. Made the city look nicer. Airplanes, Kodak Camera, Automobile, Amusement Park, Sports such as tennis, boxing, and baseball.Ch. 8.2:-How did education change in the late 1800's and early 1900's?Brought blacks and whites together. Changed cirriculum. Primary school, High school, and college.Ch. 9.1-Define the Progressive Era and why it started(goals).The period of time where our country made a lot of progress. Reform the government, correct social problems by taking power away from the rich and giving it to the common people. Protect social welfare. Improve working conditions and decrease the amount of work hours.-What is prohibition? Why did people want prohibition to come about? What tactics were used to bring about prohibition?Getting rid of alcohol. It was giving the U.S. men bad morals. Carrie Nation-Describe the impact aid organizations had on our country.YMCA, Salvation Army.-What did the 18th Amendment do and why did people want it?-What is socialism? How was it started in the United States?Government owns and runs businesses. Make things more equal for everyone. Opposite of Capitalism.-What/who were muckrakers and what impact did they have on our country?Upton Sinclair. The Jungle book. Let people know about the problems in the nation and hopefully get them fixed.-What did local government do to reform itself during the Progressive Era?Moved away from the political machine.-What did businesses do to bring better efficiency to their business?Assembly lines - made everything more efficient and affordable.-What did the progressives do to make the workplace safer?Got rid of child labor.-What did the progressives do to help end or reduce child labor?Workers compensation.-What did progressives do to help workers reduce the number of hours they had to work?Fought to pass laws.-What did progressives do to bring about better wages for workers?Minimum wage laws. People were guaranteed pay for hours of work. Winning strikes.-What did progressives do to make our country more democratic?The white rich males no longer chose who your senator is, the people of the state get to choose.-What did the 17th Amendment do?Allowed the people of the state to choose their representatives instead of the legislature (White rich males).Ch. 8.3:-What laws and restrictions were put on African-Americans and other minorities after Reconstruction ended?Voting restrictions - had to be able to read and write, take a literacy test, and pay a poll tax. The Gandfather Clause - if you didnt pass the literacy test, you could still vote if your father or grandfather could vote. Jim Crow Laws - separated white and black people in public and private places such as schools, railroads, marriage, and theaters.-Explain the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson.Plessy sat in a "whites only" car of a train and refused to move. He broke the segregation law. Set up segregation laws across the country. They can be separate but they were supposed to be equal, and they never really were.Ch. 8.4:-Explain what people did for entertainment in the late 1800's and early 1900's.Went to amusement parks, rode bicycles, baseball, tennis, art galleries, boxing.Ch. 9.2-Describe the major social changes that affected women during the Progressive Era.Going to work in the factories and farms. Going to college more, voting rights.-Describe women's push for suffrage(voting) and the passing of the 19th Amendment.Tried to get the right to vote in their state. Tried to get every state to give women the right to vote. Tried to challenge the 14 amendment.-Describe some women who were leaders in the push for suffrage and temperance.Carrie Nation, Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady StantonCh. 9.3-Describe the major accomplishments of Teddy Roosevelt as President.Saved millions of acres to save the forests and plants. Solved many foreign policies with Morocco, Venezuela, and the Dominican Republic. Started and finished the Panama Canal. Called himself the Trust Buster.-Square DealHe didn't want to favor one particular group of Americans. Wanted to give everyone a fair chance. Helped out the common people, not just the rich.-Breaking up strikesMade both owners and employees come together and compromise. Mainly favored the workers, 10% pay increase and a 9 hour work day.-Regulating railroadsHepburn Act was passed in 1906. Designed to disallow the use of monopoly. Elkins Act - railroads had to be more fair with their prices.-Regulating food and drugsThe FDA regulated food and drugs because dangerous ingredients in medicines were being used and were causing harm to humans. Pure Food and Drug Act.-Conservation-Civil RightsCh. 9.3-Describe the major accomplishments of Teddy Roosevelt as President.-Square Deal-Breaking up strikes-Regulating railroadsHepburn Act - designed to disallow the use of monopoly.-Regulating food and drugs-ConservationSaved millions of acres of natural land. Set up five nationl parks, 18 national monuments, and 51 wildlife refuges by the end of his presidency. Conserved resources and land.-Civil RightsHe believed that the white race was superior but yet some African Americans had more power than some of the white men. Tried to get the south involved in his presidency, and get blacks some equality, but not much.Ch.9.4-Describe the major accomplishments and problems of William Howard Taft's presidency-Payne-Aldrich TariffChanged average tariff from 46% to 41%. Lowered rates on imported manufactured goods. Increased many rates. Increased tariffs on some goods and decreased tariffs on other goods.-Land disputesRemoved 1 million acres of forest and mining lands from the reserved list and returned it to the public. Taking the land that Roosevelt set aside for parks and sold them to businesses.-Breaking up trustsStndard Oil Company and the American Tobacco Company. Started to back away from breaking up trusts because of all the criticism he was getting.-Break-up of the Republican PartyRoosevelt wants to get the republican nomination, but taft gets it. So, he decides to run as a third party candidate called the "Bull Moose Party". Conservatives and progressives.-Describe the outcome of the 1912 Presidential Election.Woodrow Wilson of the democrats won the presidential election. Received 42% of the electoral votes. Republican votes were split because of Taft and Roosevelt.Ch. 9.5-Describe the major accomplishments/issues of Woodrow as President.-Breaking up trustsClayton Antitrusts Act - made some businesses illegal, like retailers handing supplies and controlling other companies. Federal Trade Commission - inspected companies to make sure they weren't trying to get rid of competition.-Underwood TariffPassed in 1913.-16th AmendmentThe more money you make, the higher your income tax will be. Graduated tax.-Federal Reserve System-Limits to Progressivism under WilsonCh. 9.5-Describe the major accomplishments/issues of Woodrow as President.-Breaking up trusts-Underwood Tariff-16th Amendment-Federal Reserve SystemCreated in response to financial panics. Banks borrow money from the Federal Reserve Bank if they need money. Divided into 12 districts. Control interest rates. Control inflation and deflation.-Limits to Progressivism under Woodrow WilsonMade promises to treat blacks equally while campagning, but once he was elected he made no moves to help that issue. Brought segregation to Washington D.C.Roosevelt - Fought in the spanish-american war. Governor of New York from 1896-1900. President from 1901-1909. Avid hunter in african safaris. Lost his wife and mother in the same day.Bully pulput - using your power to get people to do something or believe what you want them to believe.called himself the "trustbuster" (broke up monopolies). Wanted to break up bad trusts and keep an eye on good trusts. Big on conservation. Put a lot of land aside for national forests.William Howard Taft - Didn't want to be president. Loved to golf. He is the only president to be on the Supreme Court after being president. Set up the graduate income tax. Not as exciting as roosevelt. Not a good speaker. supported joe cannon who is very anit progressive.Republican party split, Bull Moose Party because roosevelt got shot and he felt as stong as a bull moose.Woodrow Wilson - Clayton anti-trust act - break up monopolies. Allowed labor unions to exist legally. Helped out the common worker.Federal Trade Commission - investigates companies for monopolistic practices. Broke up at&t and microsoft. Still around today.
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