Ch. 5.1:-Describe Native American culture.Nomadic, hunt, plant crops, follow buffalo. After Euros came- Got horses and guns, could travel faster and longer distances-Why did settlers/people move to the Great Plains?Settlers thought that owning land, making a mining claim, and starting business would give them a a stake in the country. They argued that the Native Americans had forfeited their right to own land because they didn't try to improve it.-How did the US gov't deal with Native Americans in the mid to late 1800's? What were their policies?Gave the NA's a region of the Great Plains, called reservations, for the Indians to live on. Gov created treaties that had specific boundaries for each tribe. Most NA's rejected the treaties and continued to hunt on the land.Custer's Last Stand-Native Americans outflanked Custer and his men, the Natives killed Custer and his men.Dawes Act- broke up reservations and gave some land to Native Americans. 160 acres to the head of the house hold and 80 to unmarried adults.Assimilation- Trying to "Americanize" the Native Americans, getting them to farm and change their fortune.-Describe a cowboy's life.15-40 years old, moved cattle from one ranch to another, worked on ranches for 10-14 hours a day, some worked in rodeos. Used guns to scare off or kill harmful animals and outlaws. Herded cattle, cattle would get startled easily by thunder or even a sneeze and could cause stampedes. Mostly allies to Indians, if one group was in trouble, the other could help them out.Ch. 5.2:-How did railroads and the Homestead Act help settle the Great Plains?Railroads charged farmers too muchHomestead act- gave 160 acres of land to the head of the household-What challenges did settlers face on the Great Plains?Drought, lack of water, fire, blizzards, insects, locust plagues, floods-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?non-fertile land, farmers farmed all the same crops which is bad for the landCh. 5.3:-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?Prices of the crops were low. Farmers couldn't earn enough money to keep their farms and ranches going. -Who were the Populists and what did they believe in?Populism- The movement of common people to fight back against the railroads and big business. Tried to increase money supply which would give the people, uncluding farmers, more money. Wanted to start the 8 hour work day. Put restrictions on immagration, immagrants came to the country and took a lot of the peoples jobs.Ch. 6.1:-What caused the Industrial revolution to really take off in the late 1800's?A lot of resources, government support for businesses, growing urban populationIron and steel- 98% of iron ore is used to make steel. in 1887 prospectors disvovered coal and iron ore deposits more than 100 miles long and 3 miles wide near the Masabi river-What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives?The Bessemer Process- discovered by william kelly in 1851. it took out umpurities in iron by oxidation.The Light bulb- 1850, Joe Swan began inventing it with carbonized paper filaments. 1879, Thomas Edison perfected it with carbonized paper filamentsType writer- Christopher Sholes, QWERTY key boards are still used todayTelephone- Alexander Graham Bell in the late1870'sThe refrigerator made it possible to store food longerCh. 6.2:-What impact did railroads have on the US?people could move westard much easier, and goods could be transported easily.-Why were many people upset with the railroads?Taking up government land, railroads sold land to other businesses instead of settlers. Farmers- Farmers were being overcharged to use railroads.-What did the Grangers or government do to regulate the railroads?Established maximum freight and passenger rates and prohibit discriminationOpportunities and opportunists- the growth of railroads influences the industriesThe Grangers- Farmers group that came together to fight against the RailroadsRailroad time- time zones with an hour differenceCh. 6.3:-Tell me about Andrew Carnegie.Born in Scotland, moved to the US in 1848. He invested in the stock market. He was one of the first industry moguls to make his own fortune. His steel business, Carnegie Steel Company, manufactured more steel than all of the factories in Great Britain.-Tell me about John D. Rockefeller.Established the Standard Oil Company in Ohio, he paid his employees extremely low wages, and sold his oil for less than it cost to make it, driving competitors out of business.-What was Social Darwinism and how did it apply to business?Theory that only the well suited people will survive, and the less suited will not. The individuals capable of running a business will succeed and the business will make a fortune.-Explain how companies formed monopolies(vertical/horizontal integration, trusts).Vertical integration- buying out the suppliers of the company. Horizontal integration- Buy out the companies that produce similar products. Trusts- competing companies joining with an agreement. They give their stocks to a group of trustees who manage each company as one corporation.-How did the government try to regulate business?The Sherman Antitrust Act: Made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade between states or with other countries-What are labor unions and what is their purpose?Groups of laborers that worked together to try and improve their work environment.-Were labor unions successful in achieving their goals? Explain/Give examples.Ch. 7.1:Why did immigrants come to the US?Immigrants- a person who migrates into another countryemigrants- somone who leaves a countryReligious freedom, family, job oppurtunitiesWhere did immigrants come from?Europe and Asia-China and Japan-What problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here?small ships, confined areas, sleep in life infested bunks, and diseasesWhy did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions?immagrants were taking jobsthey had to pass a physical exam, would have to have atleast $25Ch. 7.2Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's?Offered people many jobs, schoolsWhat problems did cities fact due to the rapid increase in population?Overcrowded, houses had to have garbage pick up, airshafts, and plumbing transportationWhat did some people do to try to help the bad situation in the cities?Organized fire departments and police stationsTenement- multi-family urban dwellingThere wasn't a lot of water so fires were a huge problem, they had candles and kerosene heaters would start firesmass transit- designed to move large numbers of peopleCh. 7.3Gilded- to be covered with goldWhat was the political machine and what did they do for a city?An organized group of people who controlled the politics. Basically bought people's votes. Offered food and money and things like that in exchange for the people's votesTell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring.Head of Tammany Hall, New York's powerful democratic political machine. Accused of 120 counts and extortion and was sentenced to 12 years in prison, he escaped and fled to Europe. Stole millions of dollars. Drew the image of Santa ClauseThe Spoils System- Gov would give jobs to people who vote for a certain personTweed ring- A corrupt group of politicians led by Boss Tweed.What caused all this corruption in government?Dishonest people like tweed, patronage, and the spoils systemWhat laws came about to reform government?The Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield, Chester Arthur, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland and William Mckinley were all presidents during the late 1800's. Were they a reform president or a status quo president? (Stalwarts- Status Quo and half breeds)Hayes- Half breedGarfield- Reformer, shot by a Stalwart in a train station.Cleveland- ReformerArthur- Was Status Quo, after Garfield was shot, Arthur switched to a reformerHarrison- Status QuoCh. 8.1:-What advances in science and technology help solve urban problems?Subways and el trains let people travel further. The Wright brothers invented the airplane, eventually letting people travel a long ways in short amount of time.Ch. 8.2:-How did education change in the late 1800's and early 1900's?More kids went to school at a younger age. Black people started going all white schools. Kids went to school in the summer and had the rest of the year off.Ch. 8.3:-What laws and restrictions were put on African-Americans and other minorities after Reconstruction ended?They had to sit at the back of the bus and use different bathrooms and drinking fountains.-Explain the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson.Plessy was 7/8 white and wanted to sit with other whites, he was forced to sit with blacks. He took his case to the Supreme court. He lost.Ch. 8.4:-Explain what people did for entertainment in the late 1800's and early 1900's.Bicycling first started in 1885 and was male onlyThe first World Series was played in 1903Newspapers used catchy headlines to get people's attention and make them buy the paper'Joseph Pulitzer mostly covered comics, sports, and women's newsEmphasized "sin, sex, sensation" to make his papers sound better10 million Americans shopped by mail by 191013 billion catalogs across the US filled peoples mail boxes by the mid 1900All Blog PostsMy BlogEdit Blog PostsAdd.Monday, October 10Posted by 6Joe on October 10, 2011 at 1:40pmView Blog.Admin Options.Edit PostAdd Tags Delete Post Edit Blog Posts..Ch. 8.4:-Explain what people did for entertainment in the late 1800's and early 1900's.Bicycling first started in 1885 and was male onlyThe first World Series was played in 1903Newspapers used catchy headlines to get people's attention and make them buy the paper'Joseph Pulitzer mostly covered comics, sports, and women's newsEmphasized "sin, sex, sensation" to make his papers sound better10 million Americans shopped by mail by 191013 billion catalogs across the US filled peoples mail boxes by the mid 1900Ch. 9.1-Define the Progressive Era and why it started(goals).Bringing change to the world- improving working conditions, lives of poor people-What is prohibition? Why did people want prohibition to come about? What tactics were used to bring about prohibition?Banning of alcohol, it ruined families, women urged saloons to stop selling alcohol-Describe the impact aid organizations had on our country.aid to homeless and poor-What did the 18th Amendment do and why did people want it?Made manufacturing, selling, and transportation of alcohol illegal-What is socialism? How was it started in the United States?Government owned and controlled-What/who were muckrakers and what impact did they have on our country?Investigative journalists that found out things in society that people needed to hearUpten Sinclair- disgusted by how people worked in meat packing plant.-What did local government do to reform itself during the Progressive Era?Got rid of the old political machine and institute a city council-What did businesses do to bring better efficiency to their business?Break businesses down into smaller parts, constructed assembly lines, increased pay, shortened work day-What did the progressives do to make the workplace safer?Shorter work days- not overworking, workers compensation, made sure machines were functioning properly-What did the progressives do to help end or reduce child labor?Made child labor laws, took photos and stats to dramatize the child's situation-What did progressives do to help workers reduce the number of hours they had to work?Passed laws lowering work hours-What did progressives do to bring about better wages for workers?Got employers to increase pay-What did progressives do to make our country more democratic?The 17th amendment, the 19th amendment, referendum, initiative-What did the 17th Amendment do?Allowed U.S. Senators to be electe by the people instead of the state legislatures.Ch. 9.2-Describe the major social changes that affected women during the Progressive Era.Women earned the right to vote-Describe women's push for suffrage(voting) and the passing of the 19th Amendment.Convinced states to grant them the right to vote, pursued court cases-Describe some women who were leaders in the push for suffrage and temperance.Susan B. Anthony- Raised as a quaker, someone who doesn't believe in violence. Joined the women's rights movementElizabeth Cady Stanton- social activist, abolitionist, and a leader of the early women's movementCarrey Nation- Entered bars and destroyed bottles of alchol with her hatchet.Ch. 9.3-Describe the major accomplishments of Teddy Roosevelt as President.Bring attention to the wasting of natural resources, regulating railroads, cleaning up meat pachaging industry-Square DealTried to be fair to every race and lead based on his three ideas-Breaking up strikes1902 coal strike- coal workers demanded a 20% raise and a 9 hour work day and the right to organize a union. Called in workers and the owner to the White House to discuss a compromise. Workers got a 10% pay raise and 9 hour work day, and gave up the right to form a union-Regulating railroadsInterstate commerce act- forbade railroad owners to together and fix prices illegally.Alkins Act- made it illegal for railroad officials to give, and shippers to recieve, rebates for using particular railroads-Regulating food and drugsMeat inspection Act- All meat had to meet a certain level of quality.Pure food and drug act- Fixing false advertisements, but didn't change what went into products-ConservationCutting down trees- Lumberers wouldn't replant trees after cutting them downFarmers plowed the prairies for farm landSet back specific land reserves that no one could touch-Civil RightsWasn't as big of a concern as conservationTeddy had parents that supported different sides, mom was from south and dad was from northTeddy bear got its name from Teddy RooseveltTrustbuster- Someone who breaks up trusts, Roosevelt called himself the trust-busting president and broke up trustsCh.9.4-Describe the major accomplishments and problems of William Howard Taft's presidencyAccomplishments- Broke up many trustsStrengthened the Interstate Commerce CommissionBroke up more trusts than RooseveltPassed 16th Amendment that allowed the US to collect income taxesProblems- removed over 1,000,000 acres of forest and mine land from the reserved list which angered conservationalistsRaised tariffs-Payne-Aldrich TariffSet of tax regulationsLowered certain tariffs on goods entering the US-Land disputesRoosevelt set away land for reservation and Taft cleared the forests and mines-Breaking up trustsTaft broke up more trusts than Roosevelt, who called himself the Trustbuster-You will have to look elsewhere for some other accomplishments as the book is limited-Break-up of the Republican PartyOld Guard- Republicans that didn't want to change the country, Progressive- wanted changeRepublicans feuded-Describe the outcome of the 1912 Presidential Election.Wilson won, Roosevelt came in 2nd, then Taft, and Debs with zero electoral votes and almost no popular votesCh. 9.5-Describe the major accomplishments/issues of Woodrow as President.Accomplishments-Strengthen the way that banks runUnderwood Act- reducing tariff rates for the first time since the civil warIssues- Caused segregation between blacks and whites in DC. Sent letters and almost started a war-Breaking up trustsFederal Trade commision, and Clayton Anti-trust act-Underwood TariffReduced tariff rates by 25%, Lets international goods sell for a cheaper price-16th AmendmentSet up Federal Income Tax-Federal Reserve System-Limits to Progressivism under Wilson10th, 17th, and 18th amendments passed during this period
Comments