Ch. 5.1: Hannah Madox
-Describe Native American culture.
1. Plant crops, hunt settle in small villages, they were nomadic.-After the Uropeans. Horses and guns. Were able to travel further, and hunt more eficiently.-They abiad tribal law.-They traded and produced beatifull crafted clothes.
-Why did settlers/people move to the Great Plains?Beacase of the gold rush, and silver. Railroads, cattle rainching. Farming.
-How did the US gov't deal with Native Americans in the mid to late 1800's? What were their policies?They made reservations for the native americans in the plains( the Dakotas, oklohoma). Later they could only travel to certain places. Most of the Indians did not obey the goverments treaties.
Later on Oklohoma was called the Indain Teretorry
Going to war Againts them. Kept putting them into reservations
Dawes act.. ThIs act broke up reservations and gave land to individula Native Americans. 2/3 of the land that was supposed to go the Natvies were taken by whites. The Natives recieved no money for the land.
Then The White goverment tried to Americanize all the Natives. Try to get them to act more like the Ameicans.
Daws actspecific boundarais to reservationswaged war
-Describe a cowboy's life.
A man who tends to cows, they also went to rodeos. worked on rancehs 10-14 hours a day.Used guns to chase of dangerous animals or outlaws.Rounded all the longhorns. A lot of things scared the cows which would cause a stampeed.They would take the cows all the way from Texas to Kansas for money.
Ch. 5.2:
-How did railroads and the Homestead Act help settle the Great Plains?Gave people the chance to get some land for frre, helped pepole get to places, it was their way of trnasporting their goods. Homestead Act of 1862 was farm land that was given to settlers, the minum lot was 320 acres, the homestead act was signed in law by prisen Lincon.-What challenges did settlers face on the Great Plains?
Extreme hardships, dtroughts, floods, fire.locust plagues, weather, and lonliness.
-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?
With the cost of shipping their grain, were often in debt to buy more land to keep up with the rise and fall of wheat prices. New machinerey was invented, but to expensive to buy. Land was hard to farm lots of grass.
Ch. 5.3:
-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?
The Prices of the crops were falling. The back were forclosing on the farmers and taking oway the farms which resulted in a decrease of farmers.
The railroads caused alot of problems for the farmers often taking advantage of them by chargin way too much
-Who were the Populists and what did they believe in?
the movement of the people . Held a convecntion in omah NE.
Actions. Tried to increase money suply which woul cause people to mpay more to the farmers
Started the eight hour worked day.
Started a federeal loan program. giving the farmers a new start made it alot easier for them.
These are ideas that they started but werent passed at the time. They pushed to get this passed later on.
Restricion on immigration because they were taking jobs oway from people.
Evantully became progresives.
Grange organization that wasnted to proved education to farm families 3 goals
teach the members to be more organized
Set up farmers coapertives organazations of farmers.to
sponser state legislation and regulate railroads
Chapter 5 Shelby:
Farmers Alliance- Groups of people that sypathized with farmers-Helped educate farmers-250,000 African Americans belong the colored farmers.-Gold was becoming scared people panikced and traded all thier papaer money for gold.-Gold bus: were bankers and bussiness men of the Northeast (republicans)-would cause less money to be in circulation-deflations, prices of everything fall. value of money increase and fewer poeple have money. Because rich people wanted the best of everything so if the the money that they have is worth alot more.-Silverites: Farmers and Labarors.-wanted more money in circulatons-Inflation. Price of everything goes up value of money in circulation decrease more people have money, curcutiolatoin decrease more people have money.
End of Populism
-1896 Election changed when Mckinley Won the election
The end
Ch. 6.1:
-What caused the Industrial revolution to really take off in the late 1800's?
A wealth in natutural resources
goverment support of business
a growing urbon population
cheap lavor and markets for new products.
Laissez fairre- means let alone in french goverment policy that they are going to leave bussiness alone for number 2
-What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives?
The lightbulb. Joseph swan began inventing the light bulb with carvonized paper flilaments
iN 1879 Thomas Edision perfected it.
1879 swan began installing in homes and landmarks in englnad.
People started to have electricity in the 1920's
The typer wrier was invented by Christopher Sholes. Was desigend more like the telegraph.
Then the QWERTY was invented which has common used works together on the typewriter, and the shift button which would have lowercase and upercase letters.
The telephone- wasinveted by Alexander Graham Belt. in the late 1870's. It orginally started when he was trying to perfect the telegraph. Came up with the idea of sending speech electricity.
The type writer gave women more job oportinities, better communications with the telephone, Electricity beacame world wide. The refrigiatior made it possible to store foods at a cool temperature.
Presentations: Zach
Ch. 6.2:
-What impact did railroads have on the US?
We were ablel to expand West. People were able to move quickly, and were able to trade goods, and resources quicker.
-Why were many people upset with the railroads?
They were upset by misue of goverment land grants- as railroads were being built they gave the railroads free land. Farmers were upset with railroads because they would overcharging them to use the railroads.
-What did the Grangers or government do to regulate the railroads?
They tookk political action they took state and local politcal candadates
They established maximum freight and passenger rates and prohibit discrimmination- means making sure that the railroads were fair to all the farmers and that they were charged fairly. So they tried to charged mostly every one the same.
The growth of the railroads influenced the industries and busness were Americans worked.
Interstate Commerce Act- laws designed to make sure that the railroads were fari to everybody
The Grangers- a farmers group coming together to fight back againts the railroads company.
Rairlroad time-standard time around the contry they had to break it down into the times zones we have today
Ch. 6.3: Joe
-Tell me about Andrew Carnegie.
Born to a poor family, His boss gave him chance to buy stock, his mother mortgaed his house that way he could buy the stock. he started a had company that made more steel then britain. He controlled the entire steel industry. A manopoly is trying to contorl most of that indutry. Standard oil buying all the other companies.
Vertical intrigration proces of buying out the companys supllies such as coal fiels, iron, mine, and railroads.
Horizontal intrgration, buying out other compaines that produce the same product in order to climate the competetion.( look at page 242 in book).
-Tell me about John D. Rockefeller.
Started his first business when he weas ninteen. Owned the standard oil company in ohio. Paid emplyess really little. sold oil for much less money then it cost to make. When there was no competion left. he raised the prices. Used trust agreemeents to merge with outher companies.
What was Social Darwinism and how did it apply to business?
Social darwinish thjeory based on charles darwins theory of evoution naturla lselection thats say induvidials who have wealth and power possed sibologis superitoty in the strugle for exsitnece. Survival of the fittest. It is a natural law for the strong to take over the weak. So big businesses took out small ones.
-Explain how companies formed monopolies(vertical/horizontal integration, trusts).
Trus are type of companie Merges, joining togetrher/ monopolies. way to form a monopolies. Anti trus anti Monopoly.
-How did the government try to regulate business?
The Sherman Antitris Act. Made it illgal for companies to from a trus that interfered with interstate of ferign trade. A five thousand dollar fine and one year inprison were the maximum penalty for violation the act.
To try to protec small businesess.
-What are labor unions and what is their purpose?
To make the conditions for workers better, for the workers
The more poeople the more power
Haymarket Affair
One of the protes threw a bonb in to the police line. Seven police officers were killed and and workers were killed. This made people no like the labor unions.
Were labor unions successful in achieving their goals? Explain/Give examples.
No earlier on people started dislkingg them, but later on they would be succesful, better pay, 8 hour workd day weekends off. Child labor laws got rid of all the kids in the fatories.
Ch. 7.1:
Why did immigrants come to the US? Job opurtinuites
Where did immigrants come from? All olver the world
What problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here? Angle island. ellis island. nativisim.
Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions?Ch. 7.2
Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's?- Social Gosperl Movement- People who helped out people who needed help like james adams.
What problems did cities fact due to the rapid increase in population?- Lack of water Desease and tupoed fever spread quickly- shortiage of drinking water. Crime law enforcemen was really small barely made an iompact. Transportaion was hard to transport every one. Came up with the mass transit designed to move people in lager numbers. Tnements mutil family urban dwelling over corwded and unsanitray. 4-5 families were in a tenenment
Snititation there was no garbage collection. sewage flowed freely. dead horsed and manure often found on the streets.
What did some people do to try to help the bad situation in the cities? They would help people like.
Ch. 7.3
What was the political machine and what did they do for a city?-is organized gorup that contros the activities of a political party in a city
offered services to voter and business in exchange fro political support ( give people jobs that way they could vote for the people they wanted to). They would help them out but would want something in return.-it took overlocal goverments on the top city bosses and booten local workers and captians. They could provide suport for new bussineses. The immigrants liked the machines because they would helped them out alot in exchange to get their votes. Sometimes made fake names to get the amounts of votes they needed.
Tell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring.
Boss Tweed- was elected into the democratic party. was elected for governer of new youk in 1876 and almost won presidency but los to Rutherford B. Hays Died in jail in 1878. stole millions of money from the city treasurer. betwee 20 and 30 million dollars. Escaped from prison in december 4th and wen to europe..
Tweed ring- defrauded the city openly bought botes and ecuraged juidcial corrupiton and controlled new york politcs.
What caused all this corruption in government?
- dishonest people- spoils systems the gave gave jobs to people that helped you get elected, so they would give people gov jobs that they would easily steal money from the gov.
Patraniage.
What laws came about to reform government?
Rutherford B. Hayes was a reformer/half breed becase he tried to help the people. Stalwarts corrupts.
Garlfied the president was shot by a stalwark. Aurthor heard about this and changed his mined to a reformer. Penditan civil service act. Things started getting more hones and efficient.
Ofiicials could no longer presurre employes for vote. Pliticians turned to other sources for donations
Big bussnisses like big tarrifs. small tarifs were good for the common people.
Ulysses S. Grant,(stal wark) Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield,(reformer killed) Chester Arthur,(stalwart at first then became reformer) Grover Cleveland(reformer), Benjamin Harrison(stalwart), Grover Cleveland(reformer) and William Mckinley were all presidents during the late 1800's. Were they a reform president or a status quo president? Charles Gatuk killed james garfiel because he was a reformer then Chester Arthur felt guilty and became a reformer
Ch. 8.1:
-What advances in science and technology help solve urban problems?-Sky crapres, and elevators, they builts skycrapers becaue of limited space in the ground-Electrict transict virginia was the first one, the electric transic improved transportation-Subways were invented, elevation train. City planing-plan were things are so everything is organized.he wright brother invented the first aircraft. Geroge esatman invented the first kodak camera.
Ch. 8.2:
-How did education change in the late 1800's and early 1900's?laws were passed durin 1865 and 1895 required students between 8 and 14 to atend school for at leas 12-16 weeks. Half a million students attended ruing the early 1900s, inlcuded courses science, social studies, and civics.-Racial discrimintaion less then one percent of afriacn americans went to school. Most went to private schools. Watne immigrans to learn English and learn the American way. Americanize immigrants.-Many dropped out and few had diplimes. One about 2.3 % of yound peopel attended colleges and universities. law and medicine schools were established. out of 9 million african americans only about 3 tho usand attended colleges. Booker T. whashington- he belived in racisn would end when baclks go t useful labors skilss and proved there economic calue to society, borna enslaved, wanted to give blacks teach diplomas also useful skills.Ch. 8.3:
-What laws and restrictions were put on African-Americans and other minorities after Reconstruction ended? had to pay a pol tax in order to vote, and the litteracy test were blacks had to pass in order to be able to vote. Jim Crows Laws to seperate the black from the white or segregation laws. Race Relations, africans humiliated because of reacial etiquqtte.African Americans were not the only ones being discriminated alosn mexicans chinese and japanese were discriminated in the west. Plessy vs Ferguson
-Explain the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson. set up segreations in our country, white drinking foutains and colored drikning fountains. Diferent schools for blacks and whites. So after 1953 segregation was no longer alowed. The decison establishe the cotrine of separate but eaula which allowed to maintain segregated fac9lities for balcks and whites as lons as they provided equal services.
Ch. 8.4:
-Explain what people did for entertainment in the late 1800's and early 1900'sAmusement parks started in 1894 and 1893, News paper, Literacy rates rose, people prefered to read light fiction novels, shopping centers the first one was first set up in cleveland ohio. Shopping by mail. The Bicycle.Ch. 9.1
-Define the Progressive Era and why it started(goals).- were our country made alot of progress helping out the common people out.1. protec socail welfare(poor).2. promote moral improvement.3Creating economic reform/more people having a say in the economy.4 Fostering effeciency better wages,less hours.
-What is prohibition? Why did people want prohibition to come about? What tactics were used to bring about prohibition? Prohibitjion- is the banni ng of alcoholic beverages part of promitng moral improvment.( by enetering salons singing prayin gurgina dn saloon keepers to stop selling alcohol.
-Describe the impact aid organizations had on our country.( YMCA opened libraires sponsered classed and built swiming pools, and handball courts.)
-What did the 18th Amendment do and why did people want it? ( Prohibited the maufature, sale trnasport, import,or export of alcoholic beverages. The women because they thought alcohol was seen as the destroyer of families, and men would spend all money on gambling and alcohol.
-What is socialism? How was it started in the United States?( the belive the belief and the hope by proper use of goverment power, men can be rescued from their hleplessness in the wild cycling cruelty of depression and boom). Gov takes over bussiness and that way they will be fair. take from the rich and give to the poor. German immigrans in the 1850s with the German Immigrants. Marxian Socialist.( capitilism-people owning businesses. socialism-goverment owns bussines. goverment would own bussinesses and distribute to everyone.
-What/who were muckrakers and what impact did they have on our country?( bad journalist who wrote the corrupt side of businessed and public life in the early 20th century. investigative journalist. Optim Synclare someone who invistagates the problems of society. Ida Tarbel.
-What did local government do to reform itself during the Progressive Era? ( Get ride of political machine, and have a city council people working together).
-What did businesses do to bring better efficiency to their business?( They started cutting back hours and paying wokers better, by paying workers better becasue they will stay and work better and be more efficient. Henry Ford did this
-What did the progressives do to make the workplace safer? Child Labor laws were passed, hours were cutt down, you were paid if and arm was lost or s omething like that.
-hat did rogressives do to help end or reduce child labor? Took pictures in stats to dramatize the kids conditrion, they told people that kids working made them get lower wages. progressives do to help workers reduce the number of hours they had to work? ( Got it down to ten and then 9 and then 8 hour work day.
t did progressives do to bring about better wages for workers? ( Henry Ford by only having people work eight hours a day, and paying five dollars a day. Mininum wage laws were passed).
-What did progressives do to make our country more democratic? ( Secrete ballot/austrailian ballot. 17th amendement pepole voting for sentaros, 19th amendement womem voting,recall allowed people to get ride of govermener, referendum would vote, initiative start a bill, direct primary-iowa Cacus allows th people to choose their canidate for presient.
-What did the 17th Amendment do? called for direcct election of the senator instead of the state legisltatur choosing them. Let the people vote for senators.
Ch. 9.2
-Describe the major social changes that affected women during the Progressive Era. ( Women started working in factories textile factories,womens education builts colleges indpendently for women. The 19th amendment gave women the right to vote wasnt passed until 1920
-Describe women's push for suffrage(voting) and the passing of the 19th Amendment.( was passed in 1920. They would sew states, get pettions signed. try to convince states to grant them the right to vote, pruse court cases.
-Describe some women who were leaders in the push for suffrage and temperance. Susan B anthony, Elizabeth cady stanton. they worked together to write the ninteenth amdendment. Carrie Nation went into bars breaking bottles of olcohol, and singing.
Ch. 9.3
-Describe the major accomplishments of Teddy Roosevelt as President.
-Square Deal( to bring attention to naturual resources, regulation the railroad indutry, cleanliness in the meetpacking industry roservelts platform).
-Breaking up strikes( Coal mines strike both were called to white house, sent problem to arbitration/ person in the middle commision, 10 percent pay and nine hour work day, gave up the right to strike for three years. when the strikes threatens the publics well being the goverment can step in).
-Regulating railroads ( in 1877 interstate comerce act this forbade railroads owners to gether and fix prices illiegally-Elkins act made iillgal for railrods oficlas to give and shippers to recive rebates for using partilcular railroads every one had to pay the same-hepburn act strickly limited the use of free passes whichw were also used for birbery).
-Regulating food and drugs( Meat inspection act/ strick cleanliness proceedures until methods were replaced with more sphosticated ones in 1900's-Pure food and drug act/ fixing false advertisments, but didn't change what wen into products change labels).
-Conservation ( problems: cutting down trees, Plowing the prairie for farmland, cattle overgrazing inthe great plains, Sewage was being dumped into rivers and streams. So he set back specific land reserves for forest. Trust buster/ breaking up trusts and monopolies to help the small bussiness
-Civil Rights ( civil rights helping african americans, he lets some african americans run a custums house. Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois washington gaining equality.
Ch.9.4
-Describe the major accomplishments and problems of William Howard Taft's presidency( The dollar diplomacy that would use millitary and diplomacy to hlep promots bussiness o er seas, he brfought down 90 trus and monoploies,passed the 16th amendment income tax.)
-Payne-Aldrich Tariff- taxs on imported goods, having a high tarif that way people can buy americans goods. Goods wil cost more and having tarrifs will have higher prices, he wanted to lower tarrifs,and raising but mostly raised tarrifs.
-Land disputes( taft cut down lots of forest, which upset Roosevelt, he sold all the land that roosevelt had made inot reservations)
-Breaking up trusts He brooke up 90 trust more then roosevelt
-You will have to look elsewhere for some other accomplishments as the book is limited (he did the income tax
-Break-up of the Republican Party( By the midle term elcetion of 1910 the republican pary was shattered with the progresives on the side and on the old guard on the other. Democrats had gained control of the house and there was lot of tension in the republican party)
-Describe the outcome of the 1912 Presidential Election. ( Woodrow wilson, therodre roosevelt, william H. talf, Eugene B. Debs, Wilson won by a landslide and roosevelt second, rooservelt was mad at taft because. The republicans split and there weas two republicans were runing and that split the vote leaving the presidency open for Wilson.
Ch. 9.5
-Describe the major accomplishments/issues of Woodrow as President. ( He streghten the way the banks run, The underwook act in 1913 that had to do with reducin tarif rates for the first time sicnce the civil war. Was the president during WW1
-Breaking up trusts- he was trust buster and broke up lots of monopolies
-Underwood Tariff- Would reduced the tarrif rates since the civil war.
-16th Amendment- Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on income. Set up the Federeal Income tax. Rtifeidn in 1913 Income were taxed at higher rates then smaller incomes.
-Federal Reserve System-
-Limits to Progressivism under Wilson- He disapointed mos of his suporters for this.
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