Friday, Oct 19th

[3rd Shena]

Bolded Terms: Brahma – Brahma is the Hindu God of Creation. – Split himself and created the god Shatapura. Vishnu –Hindu preserver God. – God of preservation and creation – When the forces of good and evil are not balanced, he will incarnate himself as a human to set the forces equal. Shiva – The Hindu destroyer God. – Also called the Lord of the dance. Is known to have a wild passion, which causes extreme behavior and his relationship with his wife. Paryati rings him balance. Kalidasa - was a renowned Classical Sanskrit writer, widely regarded as the greatest poet and dramatist in the Sanskrit language. Silk Roads - is a modern term referring to a historical network of interlinking trade routes across the Afro-Eurasian landmass that connected East, South, and Western Asia with the Mediterranean and European world, as well as parts of North and East Africa. Stupas - literally meaning "heap” is a mound-like structure containing Buddhist relics, typically the ashes of deceased, used by Buddhists as a place of meditation. ^Five types of Stupas: Relic, Object, Commemorative, symbolic, and votive. Theravada - the "Doctrine of the Elders," is the school of Buddhism that draws its scriptural inspiration from the Tipitaka, or Pali canon, which scholars generally agree contains the earliest surviving record of the Buddha's teachings. – Practiced manly in Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos. Aryabhata – presented a mathematical system that the sun spins on an axis and considered the motion of the planets in respect to the sun. Hinduism – A diverse body of religion, philosophy, and cultural practice. Buddhism – it’s a religion home to the Indian subcontinent that encompasses a variety of tradition, beliefs, and practices largely based on teachings where the people worshiped Buddha. – More of a “way of life” than religion. ^They have four noble truths – Practice meditation – Believe in karma and reincarnation They have 3 fortunate realms – The realm of Demigods, the realm of gods, and the realm of men The unfortunate realms – of animals, ghosts, and hell – suffer untold suffering, the suffering of the realm of man is far less. Military Conquests: Maurya Empire was founded after the death of Alexander the Great. Emperors: Chandragupta Maurya, Bindusara Maurya, and Ashoka Maurya. – All of these emperors were able to gain land. Advancements in Medicine, Literature, Math, Astronomy, and Medicine Ayurveda is the ancient science of medicine that originated in India – Used the practice of herbal medicine – Believed the body has 3 types of energy and controlled the body and affected heath. Surgery – was introduced as a common practice. – Sushruta came up with 120 surgical instruments, 300 procedures, and 8 surgery classifications. Literature -Greatest time for poetry and drama -Well known writer of his time was Kalidasa. -Kalidasa was an Indian dramatist and poet. – Sanskrit writer – Classical language in India. 2 Categories of Literature – Struti and Smriti – -Struti – listened to or heard. -Smriti – remembered or memorized. Math The decimal number system still used today was first developed in India. -Made early contributions to the study of the concept of zero as a number, negative numbers, arithmetic, and algebra. Works consisted of different sections including - Sutras – set of rules or problems in verse to help the student memorize them. Prose Commentary – composed by several scholars that described the problem in great detail. Astronomy – Ancient India used stars and planets to create astrological charts. -Calculation of occurrences and eclipses – Determination of Earth’s circumference -Theorizing about the theory of gravitation