*Worker Safety/conditions
-allowed labor unions to exist legally and go on strike
-work hours were reduced from 14 to 12 to 10 to 8
-stop child labor
-adults weren't making enough and children were part of family economy
-workers compensation
*Reforming elections
-direct primary: allowed people to pick who they wanted for office instead of legislators
-initiative: bill originated by people not lawmakers
-recall: enabled voters to remove public officials form their positions
-referendum: voters, not legislatures, accepted or rejected initiative
*Segregation
-progressives didn't do anything to help segregation
-some were racist progressives who black mailed people into passing things that would not help african americans
-woodrow wilson segregated washington dc
*Regulating food & drugs
-Pure Food and Drugs Act: required labels
-Meat Inspection Act
-put addictive drugs in medicine
-Upton Sinclare's, The Jungle, exposed meat processing
*Conservation
-Roosevelt was responsible
-loggers
-farmers
-ranchers
-miners
-cities
-National Reclamation Act (Newlands Act): money from sale of public lands funded irrigation projects
*Monopolies
-monopolies were made illegal by Sherman Antitrust Act
-interstate commerce commisssion- oragnization to watch over railroads to make sure they were being just
-Clayton Antitrust Act: prohibit corporations from acquiring stock from another if it would create a monopoly
-made labor unions legal
-Federal Trade Commission Act: given the power to require periodic reports from corporations and put an end to a number of unfair business
practices
*Taxation/Banking
-federal income tax: people with higher income pay higher taxes
-split country into 12 regions all with their own head bank (Federal Reserve System)
-Underwood Act: help reduce tariffs for the first time since the Civil War (woodrow wilson)
*Aid Organizations
-set up to help poor and when natural disasters hit
-Salvation Army, YMCA, Social Gospel and settlement houses
-red cross
-women were big pushers for aid organizations
*Muckrakers
-investigators trying to expose corrupt corporations or government officials
-Upton Sinclaire: meat inspection
-Ida Tarbell: Standard Oil
-Lincoln Steffens: exposed corruption in government
*Efficiency in the workplace
-assembly line
-interchangable parts
-Fredrick Winslow Taylor: "Taylorism"
*Women social changes
-women were racist because blacks were allowed to vote but not them
-womens right to vote and prohibition
*Reforming Government
-trying to get rid of corruption
-political bosses used to get votes with bribes and favors
-reform local and state government
***Amendments:
19th amendment- womens right to vote
18th amendment- outlawed the making, maufacturing, and sale of alcohol
17th amendment- direct election of u.s. senators
16th amendment- started income tax
1. Teddy Roosevelt's background
-born into rich family
-always sick from asthema
-interested in natural history
-boxing was his exercise
-after graduating went to law school and dropped out to become a politician
-died from malaria
2. Teddy Roosevelt's Presidential accomplishments
-used persuassion to get what he wanted and believed federal government was there to help common people
-wanted to give everyone a "square deal"
-used the "bully pulpit" to influence media and help pass laws
-he was the "trustbuster"
-helped settle 1902 coal strike in which miners got better pay and a nine hour workday
-passed the Elkins Act (1903-no rebates) and Hepburn Act (1906-ICC set max RR rates) which required railroads to be fair
-passed the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act
-Newlands Act: sold western land and made dams which allowed for irrigation
-conservation
3. William Howard Taft's background
-was a lawyer then secretary of war
-didnt want to be president
-became first and only president to be chief justice of supreme court which was his career goal
4. William Howard Taft's Presidential accomplishments (1909-1913)
-won election because roosevelt backed him
-brought down standard oil and other monopolies
-passed sixteenth amendment
-dollar diplomacy: economic imperialism
5. Woodrow Wilson's background
6. Woodrow Wilson's Presidential accomplishments
-tried to eliminate trusts and tariffs
-established Clayton Antitrust Act:break up monopolies and Federal Trade Commission: investigated companies for monopolistic practices
-labor unions, strikes, boycotts, picketing became legal
-Underwood Tariff: drastically cut tariff rates for the first time since the Civil War
7. Election of 1912
-between Roosevelt and Wilson
-roosevelt split up republican party because he lost to taft for republican spot
-republicans split into old-guard republicans and progressive republicans
-democrats get all democrat votes, republican votes are split so democrats are guaranteed to win
8. Causes for imperialism in the late 1800's
-imperialism: big country tries to take over small country
-military strength, cultures, natural resources, naval bases, power, open new markets for u.s. products
9. Taking Alaska
-William Seward wanted Alaska
-gold, oil, fishing, tourism
10. Taking Hawaii
-1898 we annexed hawaii
-first got interested in it to make more money
-sugar cane plantations
-annex: make part of
11. Causes of the Spanish-American War
-cuba made it look like spain was destroying american property
-cubans started revolting against spain but were never able to win enough to get independence
-yellow press was the instigator of the war
-war goals:secure full independence for cuba. teller amendment- said u.s. would not take over cuba when war was over
12. Major battles/generals in the Spanish-American War
-war in the philippines: easy victory
-carribeans: william sampson when the spanish fleet tried to leave we destroyed them
-rough riders: teddy roosevelts troups. calvary that rode horses
13. Outcomes/effects of the Spanish-American War
-cuba recieves independence
-spain gave u.s Guam, Philippines - $20 million, Puerto Rico
14. Ruling Puerto Rico
-military took control of it under the rild of general nelson, military controlled them until congress determined what to do with them
-didnt realy fight back
-the foreaker act: ended military role and put in government
15. Ruling Cuba
-organize schools, help farmers, give them food and medical equipment
-platt amendment: cuba could not make treaties with other countries that would threaten their independence, u.s. could intervene in cuba to keep order, cuba could not go into debt, u.s. could buy or lease land for naval bases or refueling stations
16. Ruling the Philippines
-Philippine-American War
-Philippines wanted freedom
-we started relocations camps in the Philippines
17. China-Open Door Policy, Boxer Rebellion
18. The Anti-Imperialist League
19. Panama Canal
20. Problems with Mexico
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