Friday, November 18th

[3Taylor]

Got our groups for the test which starts on Monday.

Today will be a study/work day where we can either study all the notes we took from the powerpoint or work on our WWI project.

 

Project notes:

should have at least 3 sources.

Use this source to get the 5 battles I need.    http://home.zonnet.nl/rene.brouwer/majorbattles.htm

The Battle of Verdun, 1916

• lasted 10 months between the French and German armies

Notes:

Key terms:

• Imperialism- a major power goes out and takes colonies
• Militarism- having a strong military to setle disputes
• Nationalism- strong patiotism tward your country
• Diplomacy- official dealings of other countries
• Spheres of Influence- a big country has control over an area
• Protectorate- a stronger country would protect a weaker country
• Arbitration-

1. Noninterventionist

     -the US did not intervene in foreing affairs especially Europe's

2. Isolationist

     -the US acted alone in foreign affairs as compared to working with other nations

3.

     -the US waited for events to occur and then acted accordingly

4. Weak army and navy

 

New Diplomacy:

1. Imperialistic

     -going out and conquering territory to create and empire

     -Alfred Mahan, Henry Cabot Lodge, Teddy Roosevelt

2. Strpmger army and navy

3. Interventionist - especially in Central and South America

     -becoming more involved in other countries affairs

     -Monroe doctrine

4. Strong Nationalism

     -having strong pride and confidence in ones country

 

Imperialism and America

• imperialism became very common with the major powers of the world
• which countries were the most powerful in 1900?

             -great britain

             -germany

Ch. 10.2 - The Spanish American War

• By 1900, Spain was a dwindling empire
• the us had been interested in cuba for a long time

 

- Newspapers reported the brutality of the Spanish General Weyler

- the New York Journal reports "....blood on the roadsides, blood in the villages, blood, blood, blood!"

- American newspapers were clearly pushing the nation twards intervention in the Cuban situation.

 

The Yellow Press

• Instigated the war
• United the general public to want war with spain
• made people feel sorry for the Cubans
• 

Causes of the Spanish American War

• The USS Maine sinking
• the yellow press
• buther Weyler and his treatment of Cubans in the concerntration camps
• The De lome Letter
• Jose Marti's destruction of US property in Cuba- making it look as thought Spain did it
• 

Teller Amendment

• Imperialists vs anti-imperialists in US
• 

Fronts in the Spanish American War

• Philippines
• Cuba
• Puerto Rico
• 

Treaty of Paris

• Brought an official end to the war
• Spain gave Cuba independence (kind of)
• US got control of the Philippines ($20 milion), Guam and Puerto Rico

 

Misc

• The US Army was not prepared to fight this war- The Navy Was Excellent!
• Roughly 3000 US soldiers died in the war. Only 385 battle deaths- 2500 died due to disease
• Lasted April 25 - August 12, 1898
• The US became an empire for the first time in our history

 

Puerto Rico

• Claimed by the Spanish Crown in 1493 following Columbus' second voyage to tell americans
• In 1898 after 400 years of colonial rule Puerto Rico was ceded to the US as a result of the Spanish American War
• Puerto Ricans were granted US citizenship in 1917
• Popularly elected governors have served since 1948
• In 1952 a constitution was enacted providing for internal self government
• In plebiscites held in 1967, 1993, and 1998, veters chose to retain commonwealth status
• 

Cuba

• in 1898 spain gave control of cuba to the US with the Treaty of Paris
• In 1902, the US granted Cuba its independence as promised with the teller amendment
• The US retained the right ot intervene to preserve Cuban independence and stability with the Platt Amendment
• The US got control of Guantanamo Bay as well, a naval base we still have control of today
• in 1934, the Platt Amendment was repealed
• 

Pliliippines

• Emilio Aguinaldo declared Philippine independence from Spain on June 12, 1898
• After the Spanish - American War, the US took over the islands for $20 million int he 1898 treaty of Paris
• 

Plilippine - American War

• the Plilippine - American War broke out after the Filipinos realized that the US would not give them independence
• It ended with American control over the islands
• 12,000 - 20,000 Filipinos soldiers dead
• 200,000 - 1.5 million Filipino civilians die- Some contend US committed genocide
• 4,165 US soldiers dead
• In 1935 the Philippines was granted commonwealth status
• Plans for independence over the next decade were interrupted by WWII when the japanese invaded and took them over
• Allied troops defeated the Japanese in 1945
• On July, 4th 1946, the Plilippines attained its independence
• 

China

• By the late 1800s it was looking as if China would be carved up like Africa had been
• China wanted to prevent this from happening

 

 

Chapter 10 - 4 America As a World Power

 

Teddy Roosevelt's Presidency

• Assumed Presidency after McKinley was killed
• Roosevelt the Peacemaker
• Ended the Russo - Japanese War in 1905
• Won the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts
• Panama Canal
• Roosevelt Corollarry
• 

Russo - Japanese War 1904 - 1905

• Japan shocked the world by defeating Russa
• Treaty of Portsmouth
• Japan received Southern half of Sakhalin Island from Russia
• Japan took over Russian interests in Manchuria and Korea

 The Panama Canal

• A canal across panama had been desired for a long time
• france had started constructing a canal but gave up dure to costs and disease
• Colombia refused to allow US entry
• with support from the US Panama revolted against colombia
• on November 3rd, 1903, Panama declared independence from Colombia
• US and Panama then signed canal deal where US would pay 10 million and a annual rent of 250,000
• this action greatly upsets latin America
• over 43,000 workers
• 5,600  workers died and costs the US 380 million
• opened on August 15th, 1914
• 

The Roosevelt Corollary

• It was and addition to the Monroe Doctrine
• Said that the US would be the police officer between Latin America and Europe
• The US would use force to protect interests in Latin America
• 

Dollar Diplomacy - President Taft

• Using the US government to guarantee loans made to foreign countries by US banks and businesses
• Economic imperialism
• US banks were in control of many businesses in Latin America
• US siad it was needed to keep European powers out of Latin America
• "Substituting dollars for bullets"
• 

President Woodrow Wilson

• Practiced  "missionary diplomacy"
• US would not recognize any government that was oppressive, undemocratic and hostile tward the US
• Mexican government was overthrown by General Victoriano Huerta
• Wilson refused to recognize "a government of butchers"
• Wilson practiced "watchful waiting" in dealing with Huerta
• US took over the Mexican port of Veracruz after Huerta arrested some Americans sailors
• War was extremely close until Argentina, Brazil, and chile strpped in and tried to settle conflict
• Huerta rejected the plan but his government collapsed shortly thereafter
• Venustiano Carranza became President
• Wilson recognized his government
• 

Pancho Villa

• At first was pro-American but soon changed after President Carranza asked US to control Mexican mines
• Killed dozens of US citizens on two different occasions (once on US soil)
• President Wilson ordered General John Pershing ( and 15,000 troops) to go into Mexico and capture Villa
• Eventually, the Mexican Army clashed with Pershing's forces
• By 1917, both sides backed down (WWI)
• 

McKinleys Death

• Killed by Leon Czolgosz
• He was an anarchist taht wanted all leader to be wiped out
• Hoped to promote the anarchist movement
• Last Statement:"I killed the President because he was the emeny of the good people-the good working people. I am not sorry for my crime."