Friday, November 16

[3taylor]

Chapter 10. Blog discussion day

State=Country

•Imperialism- A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

• Why do countries colonize? For resources, to get more land, obtain more power.
• Strong countries take over smaller countries.
• People think China has economic imperialism over the US.

•Militarism-A policy of military preparedness is a primary importance of the state.

• Using it to get what you want. (Or just the threat)
• Germany.
• US.

•Nationalism- National spirit or the desire for national improvement, strong pride in your country. Patriotism.

• Adolf Hitler took nationalism to far.

•Diplomacy- practice of negotiating in groups or states.

• Diplomats in embassies.
• How we deal with other countries.

•Spheres of influence- An area or region over which a state or organization has significant cultural, economic, military or political influence.

• Area a strong has influence over.
• We had a strong influence over Latin America.

•Protectorate- A state controlled and protected by another.

• We became a protectorate over Cuba after the Spanish-American War.

•Arbitration- Settlement of a dispute by a third party.

• Teddy Roosevelt resolved the Russo-Japanese war.

*Old vs. New Diplomacy

Old Diplomacy-

• Non-interventionist- The US did not intervene in foreign affairs, especially Europe's.
• Isolationist- The US acted alone in foreign affairs as compared to working with other nations.
• Passive and reactive- The US waited for events to occur and then acted accordingly.
• Weak army and navy

New Diplomacy late 1800 early 1900's-

• Imperialistic- Going out and conquering territory to create an empire. Alfred Mahan, Henry Cabot Lodge, Teddy Roosevelt.
• Stronger army and navy.
• Interventionist- especially in Central and South America. Becoming more involved in other country affairs. Monroe Doctrine- That if anyone attacked any of the places on the list (mostly the southern hemisphere) then we would consider it as an attack on America.
• Strong nationalism- Having strong pride and confidence in one's country.

*Main powers in the late 1800's

• Great Britain
• Germany
• France
• Austria-Hungary
• Italy
• Russia
• United States
• Japan
• Ottoman Empire (Turkey)

Blog Discussion.

US purchase of Alaska -

• Got it in 1867 from the Russian Empire by a Treaty
• Cost 7.2 Million
• Gained 586,427 Miles
• Russia was in huge dept so they sold it to us.

US taking of Hawaii -

• Sugarcane plantations
• McKinley Tariff on importing sugar.
• Liliuokalani- Last queen of Hawaii 1893, people tried to throw her over. 
• "Make Hawaii for Hawaiians"
• Pres. Cleveland didn't want to annex Hawaii, McKinley became pres. than annexed Hawaii.

Spanish-American War-
-Causes -

• The U.S. had been interested in Cuba for a long time.
• Spain wouldn't sell Cuba to us.
• The sinking of the battleship USS Maine. In the Havana harbor.
• Jose Marti was destroying American property in Cuba but made it look like the Spanish did it.
• General Valerino Weyler's treatment of Cubans.
• The Yellow press. Instigated the war. United the general public to want war with Spain.
• Enrique Dupay de Lome. He wrote a letter that was a national insult to America. The De Lome letter.

-battles/famous people involved -

• 1898- Manilla Bay. First battle.
• Most battles were naval battles
• June 1898 US went to Cuba
• July 1 1898 San Juan Hill. Spanish was outnumbered. More American injuries. America won the battle.
• Santiago Bay. Spanish surprised America at 9 am. Naval Battle. Marked the end of the naval battles. America destroyed all 6 Spanish ships.
• Teddy Roosevelt and The Rough Riders

-Results/Treaty -

• America won, 385 people died, gained land
• John Hay "A splendid little war"
• Treaty of Paris ended the war. Spain gave Cuba independence. US got control of the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico. ($20 Million)

US Control of Puerto Rico -

• It became a territory.
• Gave them a number of rights every so often.
• Recently Puerto Rico voted to become the 51st state.
• Under Spain's control for 405 years.

US Control of Cuba -

• Took control after the Spanish-American War.
• The US could intervene with Cuban affairs whenever they felt needed.
• US set up Guantanamo Bay. 
• Enemy of the United States since 1951 because of Fidel Castro.

US Control of Philippines -

• Philippines declared independence from the US.
• Which started the Filipino-American war.
• Learned the water-cure from them.
• Emilio Aguinaldo declared Philippine independence.

Open Door Policy in China -

• By the late 1800's it was looking as if China would be carved up like Africa had been.
• All countries should be free to trade with China.
• Guaranteed China's independence.

Boxer Rebellion in China -

• China was really mad that foreign people were coming in.
• China was learning martial arts to defend themselves.
• They were practically bullet-proof.
• An alliance of the great powers came in and was getting out the foreigners China captured.
• We went in and stopped the take-over.

Teddy Roosevelt's Nobel Peace Prize -

• Ended the Russo-Japanese War
• Japan won.
• Took diplomats from both countries and had them sign the Treaty of Portsmouth which ended the war.

Getting control and building Panama Canal -

• Wanted to be able to ship goods faster instead of going all the way around Africa.
• America and France wanted the canal.
• The French tried to build it but they ran out of money plus a bunch were dying of disease (yellow fever/malaria) so America stepped in and finished it.
• Columbia did not want us down there. They refused us the right to build the canal.
• Many Latin America countries saw us as a big bully.
• In about 2000 Panama took control over the canal

Roosevelt Corollary and Monroe Doctrine -

• Roosevelt Corollary added to the Monroe Doctrine
• Said the US would be the police officer between Latin America and Europe
• The US would use force to protect interests in Latin America.

Big Stick Diplomacy--"Speak softly and carry a big stick" -

• Be quiet but have authority
• Teddy Roosevelt
• He was going to be the guy who settles dispuits between countries.

Taft's Dollar Diplomacy -

• Using the US government to guarantee loans made to foreign countries by US banks and businesses
• Economic imperialism
• US banks were in control of many businesses in Latin America
• US said it was needed to keep European affairs out of Latin America
• Trading dollars for bullets

Wilson's Missionary Diplomacy -

• Woodrow Wilson's idea of the US.
• This policy really didn't work.
• US would not recognize any government that was oppressive, undemocratic, and hostile to the US.
• Wilson refused to recognize "a government of butchers."

US issues with Mexico -

• Mexican government was overthrown by Victoriano Huerta.
• Wilson practiced "watchful waiting" in dealing with Huerta.
• US took over the Mexican port of Veracruz after Huerta arrested some American sailors.
• War was extremely close until Argentina, Brazil, and Chile stepped in and resolved the problem.
• Huerta was suppose to step down but never did. He eventually failed then Carranza stepped up.
• Pancho Villa killed dozens of Americans multiple times. We tried to catch him but really couldn't. War broke out with Mexico but then WWI came out and we decided that it would be better not to have two wars at the same time.