1943-1991
COLD WAR PRESENTATIONS-
Causes of the Cold War- United States v. Soviet Union. Democratics(freedom) v. Communists(controls you). 1945-1990. differences in gov't, US didn't like it and thought that they would try to push communists to us and other countries. Free Trade- we thought that it would be good for us, Soviet Union didn't like it. US thought that Soviet Union wanted to over power us, and they thought we wanted to over power them(rivalry). separting Germany into 4 parts Britain, France, US=West, Soviet Union=East. they didn't know what to do with Europe. tensions between controlling Germany and the gov't there help start the war. Soviet Union didn't like Truman Doctrine- US can help any country that is threatened by communism, or the Marshall Plan- US rebuilding European countries. Atomis Bomb- US and Soviet Union both had nuclear weapons, but agreed not to use them, but intensified the Cold War. Truman didn't like Stalin- he said the only thing Stalin understood was us going to war with him. Red Scare.
Policy of Containment- overall policy of Cold War, stop communism four main topics: Domino Effect- mainly about communism, if one country has communism as there gov't then the countries surrounding it will become communism. not promoted by US. Iron Curtain Speech- said by Winston Churchill, term was used in the context of soviet-dominated Eastern Europe, a spliting between eastern and western of Europe. Marshall Plan- European Recovery Program(ERP) a large-scale economic of American program if cash grants to Europe with repayment of the money, created by George Marshall. goals: rebuilding a war-devastated region, removing trade barriers, modernizing industries, making Europe prosperous again. REBUILD EUROPE. to not spread communism into Europe countries. Truman Doctrine- started by President Truman, stated the the US would support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid to prevent them falling to the Soviet Union and trying to get rid of communism or to help it from spreading into Greece and Turkey, mainly military aid. supported by Repyblicans which controlled congress, sent $400 million but no military force, Greece and Turkey became our alliances, and Truman Doctrine helped start the Cold War.
House of Un-American Activities Committee- HUAC- created in 1938 to look into private citizens engaging in criminal acts against the US. main focus is keeping people from having communist ties. famous people who were accused of being communist- Hollywood Blacklist. the gov't put them on a list and they couldn't get jobs b/c they supported communist. the members of the HUAC are very determined to find communists and communists sympathizers by pressuring witnesses to give up the names of those who are communist. witnesses who did not give the info. needed were held in contempt of congress. Senator Joseph McGarthy used the HUAC's ideas and began accussing people of being communist. McCarthy started McGarthyism which was accussing people of treason w/o any evidence, this era in time was known as the Second Red Scare. The Second Red Scare was the fear of communists spying on our gov't. another fear of the US during this time was the Soviet Union atomic bombing the US. Red Scare made the actual communists in our country lay low, this scare helped minimize communist activity. HAUC became less important by '60's. HUAC renamed House of Internal Security Committe in '69, and '75 committee was ambolished.
Senator Joe McCarthy and McCarthyism
-McCarthyism was named after jow McCarthy. is teh practice of making accusations of disloyal subversion or treason without proper regard for evidence. it happened in the second red scare. it took a broder meaning by describing the excess of similar efforts reckless unsubstantitated accustations attacks on the character ot patriotism of political propaganda. Many americans were accused of being communists. Born on Nov 15 1908 afraid of communists taking over the US didnt want communists in the state development tried to ease sugar rationing. McCarthy treatment of General Ralph W. Zwicker durign that investigation caused very many supporters to turn against McCarthy. He'd been a heavy drinker and he had a liver failment. he was married for alittle less than 4 years before his death.
China becoming Communist-Mao
-Mao Zedong was the leader of the communist party. gerilla warfare strategy- hiding and firing on the opposite team and the leader of the chinese revolution.
- Ching-Kaishek was the first and the third clairman of the nationalist government of China. was a strong member of National Party of China. In 1949 the chinese civil war started between the Communist and the Nationalists. The communists were pushing the Nationalists back duiring the war which eventually seperated china into 2 groups. the 2 groups were the republic of china (Taiwan/Nationalists) and the people's republic of china( mainland of china/communists). After Kaishels army was pushed to taiwan the communists controlled most of all of mainland China. inthe civil nwar in china the kirominstang wanted to be like the US and they were also supported bu the US. The communists wanted to be like Russia. 5 year plan is known as great leap forward. the great leap is a plan that is an alternative model for the economic growth to the Soviet model. less food production. Cultural Revolution was mao feared that people would turn against him. during this there was alot of rape, murder fraud. concerned were becoming very estraged and he was worried that they would forget who they were supposed to serve. corruption was also a concern for Mao. Completed the communizing of China for Mao. Many thought that Mao shouldnt be in power.
Cuban Misslie Crisis- the US started to build missile bases in Turkey and Italy, which could attack the capitol of the Soviet Union, Moscow. The Cuban Missile Crisis is the name for the Soviet Union and Cuban Gov't responding by building missile bases in Cuba withing range of US. US then began to react when images of missile bases emerged. JFK formed EX-COMM which was a group of people designated to handle the situation at hand. Eventually, JFK decided to form a naval bloackade around the island of Cuba. US then demanded that Soviet Union dismantle the bases in exchange of the US agreeing to not invade Cuba. Eventually the whole Crisis sudsided with the US and USSR getting rid of the bases in the problem areas. Cuba didn't mind having Soviet Union bases b/c of the Bay of Pigs Invasion. US had attempted to invade Cuba in '61, which failed. Fidel Castro ws confident that the US would attempt a second attack. when Premier Nikita Khrushchev of the USSR proposed the idea, Castro thought it would prevent anothe rinvasion. Crisis in Oct. of '62, fear of Nuclear War breaking out. US ready for attack from Cuba, if missile was launched, it would be taken as an attack against US. if anybody was to make a wrong move, a Nuclear War would start. very few people died in combat or aircraft. several exchanges of communication most from Krushchev. Oct. 15 images of bases revealed, 16th JFK informed, 22nd, JFK announced missile bases, 28th Krushchew dismantled bases which ended crisis.
Ronald Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative- on March 23, 1983 to develop an anti-ballistic missile system, though to protect us from missile attacks on other countries, especially Soviet Union. it was our response to predicted nuclear attacks from other countries. nicknamed Star Wars. many people against it b/c it would create a new arms race, anger the Soviet Union, waste of money and wouldn't help us at all, critics thought we wouldn't have enough room to set up research for this. weapons needed for plan required nuclear x-ray lasers, projectiles computer-guided would fire by electromagnetic rail guns adn subatomic beams. weapons required a lot of space, a lot of power needed, take billion $'s for expense. we planned on intercepting ballistic missles as still flying through air. Strategic Defense Initiative Org. over saw it. plan failed at that time, plans were too much. too much power and designs were too much at that time. Missile Defense Agency took Reagan's challenge to build things like this.
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