more power points
1. Causes of the Cold War-
America had a democracy.
Soviet Union was communist.
America feared a communist attack.
Both countries feared eachothers government.
Truman and Stalin didn't get along: argued about power, broke ties at the end of the war. Stalin didn't like that we kept delaying D day because he thought they were using him.
Refused to join the United Nations.
The only reason why we were allies was because we had the same enemy: Hitler.
3 Power Disagreement - Stalin wanted an agreement from Germany.
US wanted to help Germany.
US and Germany wanted to stop Communist control.
6. China becoming communist-Mao-
Civil War carried on intermittently until the two siders were forced to form a temporary Second United Front in 1936 to resist the invasion of Manchuria by Japan.
Fighting began in 1946 with superior military tactics as well as social revolution they conducted in the countries.
On October 1, 1949, Mao Zedong proclaimed the establishment in Bejing.
Begining of Communist Rule : from 1949 - 1952 the new government firmly established its control over China and promoted the recovery of the nation's economy.
Rapid rate of production went up 15% each year.
Long March: When communist armies escaped to north and south China. Several long marches.
During Long March Mao finally gained "unchallenged"
Hua Guofend took over as chairman.
7. NATO(beginning to present), de-Stalinization and peaceful co-existence-
North Atlantic Treaty Organization - governmental military alliance.
Based on the North Atlantic Treaty.
Started in 1949
US, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Belgium, Netherlands, France, Luxembourg, and the Uk signed it.
Basically a group of Defensive Countries against communism.
Still around today.
First Secretary General was Lord Ismay
He said the goal for NATO was to "Keep the Russians out, Americans in, and the Germans down.
In the Cold War - communist countries were expected to be working together during the Korean War.
Today, NATO's purpose is to protect the freedom of all the members.
28 countries now including the ones that were first in it.
Political influence and Military capacity.
De - Stalinization: process of elimitating EVERYTHING that Stalin did in office.
Nikita Kruschev began the process.
Large numbers were released from the Gulag Labor Camp.
Peaceful co-existence - communist states adopted foreign policy
Stated that they could peacefully co-exist, but not like eachother.
Principles: Mutual respect for each others territory, non-aggression, no interference, and there was more but i didn't have time to write them down.
8. Nuclear Arms race(1945-1970)-
1945 - 1970.
Competition between the US and Soviet Union
During Cold War.
More weapons means more power.
US and Soviet Union heavily built up stock piles of nuclear weapons.
Other countries developed bombs also.
Didn't produce near as much.
During WW2 - Manhattan project was made.
Soviet Union was not informed until Potsdam Conference on July 24, 1945.
Americans distrusted Soviets.
Klaus Fuchs was a German Scientist spy at Los Almos when the Manhattan Project was going on.
When they cold war started Soviets started working on their weapons.
American predicted USSR weapons would not be ready til mid 1950's.
Both began to work with hydrogen bombs.
ICBM's - intercontinental ballistic missiles or rockets. Most important developement in terms of delivery. Missiles were thought to be more effective than strategic bombs.
Also were cheaper, faster, and more difficult to destroy.
Biggest problem with ICBM was accuracy.
Further distance travel meant less accuracy.
Soviets thought if they had more missiles it meant less quality.
Americans thought the exact opposite.
Minuteman: were stored underground.
October 4 1957 - USSR launched their first missile/satellite called the Sputnik.
Showed they had missiles that could go anywhere.
Thus creating the space race.
In 1961, enough bombs were made to destory the whole world.
America built DEW line around the Arctic-Defense and Early Warning System.
Polaris was a submarine that America built, carried missiles underwater. Could move closer to USSR.
Accuracy increased. Could carry 16 nuclear missiles.
Defense: first attempts to defend against nuclear weapons in 1950's.
Fallout shelters were made to hide the president and people were taught how to defend themselves.
Massive Retaliation/Mutual Deterrence kept from attacking each other or bad things will happen. If they attacked us, we'd attack back harder.
10. The Cuban Missile Crisis-
It considered the closest the world has ever came to a nuclear war.
Cuba was on the edge of using their weapons if anyone invaded.
It all started because USSR and US were in the Cold War. USSR was WAY behind US in the arms race.
Cuba was already expecting an invasion from the US.
Plan was contructed by Primier Nikita Khrushchev, as he felt this was the only way to catch up to the US in the nuclear arms race.
Crisis began on October 15 1962. When US reconnaissance photos expulged that USSR missiles were under construction in Cuba.
When JFK found out, he hastily formed the EX-COMM. This was he and his 12 closet buddies brainstorming out of this mess.
JFK said that any missiles launched from Cuba would still be considered an attack from the USSR that all weapons will be removed from the island.
JFk and Khrushchrev would communicate through writing letters. In the meantime, shouldiers would be alert about it. JFK had a blockade on the island, making sure no missiles got out of the island.
The culmination of the Cuban Missile Crisis was when a U-2 recon plane was shot down over Cuba. It was the first sign of war, a man actually died.
Khrushchrev wrote to JFK telling him that they'd take out all weapons, only if US didn't invade Cuba.
There was a second letter from K guy before we could respond to the other one saying that they'll assure to leave Cuba, as long as teh US removes missiles from Turkey.
General Robert Kennedy cleverly suggested to pretend they never got the second letter.
All the tension began to disappear when both agreed on terms.
11. The Berlin Wall--Going Up and Coming Down-
12. Nixon's visit to China-
13. 1970's Peace Attempts-Detente, Salt I, Salt II-
14. Effects of the Soviet's invasion of Afghanistan-
15. Ronald Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative(Missile Defense System today)-
16. Gorbachev's/Reagan's changing ways-perestroika and glasnost, INF Treaty-
17. The fall of Communism and the end of the Cold War-explain how it all went down-
18. The new map of Europe(up to present)-
19. Why the US won the Cold War-
20. Korean Conflict--
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