Today we did more presentations! Mr. Bruns will be gone on Monday. Don't forget we have a blog due on Sunday night.
PRESENTATIONS:
1. Causes of the Cold War-
-America was afraid of the Soviet Union attacking us, and vice versa (Democracy/Communist)
-Democracy = Freedom. Communism = Control
-Truman and Stalin didn't get along the best, but were allies during the war
-Argued about the power the countries would have at the end of the war, and Stalin wanted more
-By the end of the war the United States and Soviet Union had cut ties
-Stalin was upset that thhe US didn't join the United Nations and delayed D-Day
-Stalin wanted an agreement from Germany that they wouldn't attack, and the United States wanted to help Germany rebuild so they wouldn't become Communist
-US and Germany wanted to stop Communism but Soviet Union wanted to spread it
-Stalin did't like how we fought against Germany in the war, and then we wanted to help them
2. Policy of Containment: domino effect, Iron Curtain Speech, Marshall Plan, Truman Doctrine-
-Policy of Containment - US used economic and military strategy to slow the spread of Communism
-US tried to contain Communism to stop the spread
-Used it to influence other countries to not fall into Communism
-Wanted to reduce the chances of the "domino effect"
-Domino Effect - something bad (Communism) starts, knocks an area down, and keeps effecting others
-Promoted by the United States between 1950 and 1980 and said that smaller Communist countries would influence surrounding countries, which was not a good thing
-Iron Curtain Speech - Given by Winston Churchill in 1946 to describe the differences and separation between the areas controlled by the Soviet Union and Western Powers
-The 'curtain' was in place from 1945-1989
-Both sides began doing their own things (like there was two Europes)
-Marshall Plan - plan made in 1947 during George Marshall's speech to make a difference in the economy between 1947-1951 and help European countries make the economy stronger
-To make sure countries didn't turn Communist again
-It was offered to the Soviet Union but they refused
-Officially began in 1948 and went on for four years
-To bring European countries back together and help them recover from their economic problems
-Also known as European Recovery Program (ERP)
-Truman Doctrine was the policy set by President Truman in 1947 in a speech that was agreeing to support Turkey and Greece against the Soviet Union
-US would help with military and economic aid to prevent the Soviet Union from taking over
3. House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC)-
-Created in 1938 as an ivestigative comittee to get rid of Communism (United States House of Representatives)
-Richard Nixon was an active member
-Investigated everyone from public employees to private organizations, who were suspected to have communist ties
-Questioned movie stars/screen writers who were in propaganda movies for Communism
-Went to schools and wouldn't let students do anything political on campus
-Limited on-campus speakers unless approved by the HUAC
-Changed name to House Committee on International Security in 1969
-Ended in 1975 and changed to House Judiciary Committee
4. Senator Joe McCarthy and McCarthyism-
-Ran against Robert Follette for a spot in the US Senate and won
-Comissioned into the US Marine Core in 1942 and quickly moved up the ranks to Captain
-He made claims of people being Communist within the government although he didn't have proof and often times changed what he said
-Carried a breifcase that he said he had the names of Communists in, but it wasn't true
-Close to the Kennedy family
-Didn't get along with President Truman very well
-McCarthyism refers to people who make untrue accusations
-Made lots of accusations towards army personnel, none of which he was able to prove
-Was one of the most powerful people in the United States for about 3 years starting in 1950
5. Berlin Blockade and Airlift-Brian-
-
6. China becoming communist-Mao Zedong-
-Mao Zedong was the founder and leader of the Communist Party of China
-Founder and architect of the Republic of China
-Chiang Kai-shek was the leader of the Nationalist Party
-The Chinese Civil War was fought by the Chinese Nationalist Party and Communsit Party of China
-Took place from April 1927-May 1950
-They were forced to sign a temporary Secont United Front in 1936 but it didn't end things, and fighting continued
-Neither Nationalists or Communists believed they could achieve their goals if they tried to work together
-Mao Zedong took Tianjin and Beijing
-October 1, 1949, Mao Zedong proclaimed the establishment in Beijing Communist
-Communist Party won
-Nationalists were forced to Tiawan
-The new government promoted the recovery of the nation's economy and industry grew at a rate of about 15% a year
-Agricultural production didn't grow as quickly because Mao Zedong wanted to focus on industry output
-The Long March was a massive military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Communst Party of China
-There were several Long Marches, as various Communst armies in the south escaped to the north and west
-Wanted to gain control and eliminate enemies
-Hua Guofeng took over after Mao Zedong and was chairman of the Communist Party
-All of China was Communist, except Taiwan was Nationalist
7. NATO(beginning to present), de-Stalinization and peaceful co-existence-
-NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization, also known as the North Altantic Alliance
-Based on the North Atlantic Treaty, and invloved many countries
-North Atlantic Treaty was signed on April 4, 1949
-Signed by US, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Belgium, Netherlands, France, Luxembourg, and the UK
-Defensive alliance to work together and stop the spread of Communism
-Goal of NATO was to "Keep the Russians out, the Americans in, and the Germans down" (no Communism, more Democracy, and make sure no more world wars happen)
-Helped defend coutnries like Denmark and Norway during the Cold War
-Still around today, and had 28 member countries
-Purpose is to protect the freedom of all the member countries
-Warsaw Pact was the "NATO" of the Soviet Union and other countries of the like
-De-Stalinization was the process of elimination everything Stalin did in the government
-Many people were released from camps when Nikita Kruschev began the process, and forced labor also ended
-Nikita Kruschev took over Stalin's place in the Soviet Union government
-Peaceful Co-Existence was a theory developed by the Soviet Union and stated they could peacefulyl co-exist with non-Communist countries, especially those involved with NATO
-Five principles: Mutual respect for each others territory, non-agression, no interference in each others international affairs, equality, and peaceful co-existence
8. Nuclear Arms race(1945-1970)-
-Competition between the Soviet Union and United States to build up their nuclear weapons during the Cold War
-Believed more weapons ment more power
-Manhattan Project created the first nuclear weapon
-Soviet Union was not informed until Potsdam Conference on July 24, 1945
-Americans distrusted the Soviets
-Klaus Fuchs (germany scientist/atomic spy) give USSR information after WWII
-First atomic bombs were dropped in Japan
-Soviets began working on their own weapons when the Cold War started
-Soviets dropped their first nuclear bomb, Joe One, on August 29, 1949
-Both sides began to work on hydrogen bombs - smaller in size but much more powerful
-US dropped theirs in 1952, Soviet Union in 1955
-Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs/rockets)
-Most important development in terms of delivery
-More effective than strategic bombers
-Cheaper, faster, harder to destroy
-Biggest problem was accurace - further they traveled the less accurate they were
-Soviets wanted more missiles with less quality, US wanted less missiles with higher quality
-October 4, 1957, Soviet Union launched their first missile/satellite called Sputnik
-Space Race showed you could use them for space exploration as well
-US launched their first two years later
-By 1961 there were enough bombs in the world to destroy the entire planet
-Polaris was a submarine developed by the United States to carry nuclear missiles
-Could move closer to the Soviet Union and were hard to detect
-1950s started the first attempts to defend ourselves against nuclear weapons
-Both US and USSR built large radar systems to detect bombers and missiles
-Citizens were taught how to react and built bomb shelters
-Massive Retaliation/Mutual Deterrence - if an attack from an aggressor nation would occur, the attaced country would massively retaliate by using force greater than the size of the attack
-Wanted to prevent an attack in the first place
9. Fidel Castro and the Bay of Pigs-
10. The Cuban Missile Crisis-
-Consiered the closest the world has ever came to nuclear war
-Cuba was on the edge of using their weapons if anyone would invade
-Started because US and USSR were in the Cold War and the USSR was behind in the nuclear arms race
-Cuba was already suspecting an invasion from the US, so they allowed the USSR to place their weapons in Cuba
-Soviet Union wanted to catch up with the United States
-United States had weapons in Turkey (close to USSR) so Soviet Union had weapons in Cuba (close to US)
-The actual "crisis" began on October 15, 1962 when the US received photos of USSR missiles being constructed in Cuba
-When President Kennedy found out he formed the EX-COMM and brainstormed on how to get out of it
-Stated that any missiles launched from Cuba would still be considered an attack from the Soviet Union and wanted them to remove the weapons from the island
-President Kennedy and Khrushchrev (USSR) communicated through writing letters
-The first letter was from Khrushchrev, saying they'd remove all personell and weapons from Cuba if the US doesn't invade Cuba
-War was extremely close, and neither the US or USSR wanted war
-Before we could even reply, the USSR sent another letter saying they would leave Cuba if the US leaves Turkey
-Robert Kennedy, Attorney General, suggested the US ignore the second letter and agree to the first
-All the tension began to disappear when both agreed to terms
-US eventually agreed that within 6 months we would remove weapons from Turkey
11. The Berlin Wall--Going Up and Coming Down-
12. Nixon's visit to China-
13. 1970's Peace Attempts-Detente, Salt I, Salt II-
14. Effects of the Soviet's invasion of Afghanistan-
15. Ronald Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative(Missile Defense System today)-
16. Gorbachev's/Reagan's changing ways-perestroika and glasnost, INF Treaty-
17. The fall of Communism and the end of the Cold War-explain how it all went down-
[Mine]
18. The new map of Europe(up to present)-
19. Why the US won the Cold War-
20. Korean Conflict--
You need to be a member of History 360 to add comments!
Comments