More project presentations.. having severe technical difficulties.. Tony is ridiculous. Nothing out of the ordinary.
1. Causes of the Cold War-
America had a democracy and the Soviet Union was communist..Americans feared a communist attack..Both countries feared the other's government
-Democracy-freedom..people have the power
-Communism-government controls everything and there's no freedom
Truman vs. Stalin:
-were allies during the war
-argued about power
-broke ties at the end of the war
-D-day delay
-Refused to join the United Nations
3 Power disagreement
-Stalin wanted an agreement from Germany that they wouldn't attack
-US wanted to help build Germany back up after the war
-US and Germany wanted to stop Communist control...didn't want it to spread any further
2. Policy of Containment: domino effect, Iron Curtain Speech, Marshall Plan, Truman Doctrine-
Policy of Containment; U.S. used military, economy, and international relations to slow down the spread of communism
Domino effect; one country becoming communist sparked the decision of another one to be come communist also
Iron Curtain Speech; Iron curtain divided Europe into two groups after WWII, speech given by Churchill on March 5, 46 and it addressed the segregation between East and West Europe, and it was then that the Cold War began
Marshall Plan; Strengthen European economic foundation, it modernized business and industrialization, lowered artificial trade barriers, helped develop self-reliance, and gave hope for the future, we helped European countries
Truman Doctrine; took over support from Great Britain, we helped Greece and Turkey-gave them money and military supplies but not troops
3. House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC)-
HUAC; investigate alleged disloyalty and subversive acts on the part of private citizens, public employees, and those organizations suspected of having Communist ties
4. Senator Joe McCarthy and McCarthyism-
Joe McCarthy; hunted communists, senator from Wisconsin
McCarthyism; practice of publicizing accusations of disloyalty or subversion with insufficient regard to evidence
5. Berlin Blockade and Airlift-Brian-
Berlin Blockade; plans of Soviets differed from plans of France, GB, and U.S.. soviets tried to take control of Berlin. Attempted to cut off West Berliners from rest of the world, blockade was supposed to cause starvation and bankruptcy
Airlift; supplies flew into Berlin
6. China becoming communist-Mao- Mao Zedong founding father of communism. Agrarian reform law put land into the wrong hands. Many things different, divorce easy, businesses privately owned, no polygamy prostitution or abortion, marriage reform law, no foreigners or cars in cities. Cultural revolution. Before communism, China was in a war with Japan, had too many people, unmodernized, poor, isolated, money valueless. Three-Antis Campaign; tried to get rid of capitalists. First Five Year Plan based off of Soviet Union's.
7. NATO(beginning to present), de-Stalinization and peaceful co-existence- NATO; North Atlantic Treaty Organization.. Stalin died Kruhschehv came to power, spoke of de-stalinization. No more killing people, less brutal, ending slave labor camps. Peaceful co-existence; we don't have to love each other and get along, but we can live peacefully next to eachother and mind our own.
8. Nuclear Arms race;
-Soviets began working on their own weapons
-Americans predicted USSR's weapons wouldn't be ready until mid-1950's
-First Soviet bomb dropped on August 29, 1949
-Known as "joe One"
-Both began working on hydrogen bombs
-smaller in size but 2500 times more powerful
ICBMs
-Intercontinental ballistic missiles or rockets
-most important development in terms of delivery
-missiles were thought to be more effective thatn strategic bombers
-also cheaper, faster and more diffucult to destroy
-US employed German scientist who had developed the V2 Rocket in WWII
Development
-Biggest problem was accuracy
-Further distances traveled=less accuracy
-US needed missiles to travel long distances
-ICBMs were lighter and smaller
-By 1967, US had developed Atlas missile
-Minuteman
-Atlas took over an hourt to prepare
-By end of the 1950's the Minuteman was produced
Space Race
-On OCtober 4, 1057, the SUSR launched their first milssile/sattelite called the Sputnik
-Showed the had missiles able to reach any part of the world
-US launched own satellite two years later
-When USSR launched Sputnik, America built DEW line around the Arctic-Defense and Early Warning System
-If Russia attacked with missiles, twenty million Americans would die
-There were enough bombs to destroy world by 1961
Polaris
-Subarmarine that the US developed
-Could carry nuclear weapons
-Subs could move closer to USSR
-Accuracy increased
-Could carry 16 nuclear missiles
-One Polaris sub carried more power than bombs during WWII
Defense
-1950's saw first attempts to defend agaisnt nuclear weapons
-The US and USSR built large radar systems to detect bombers and missiles
-Fighter and anti-ballistic missile wer also developed
-Massive Retaliation/Mutual Deterreence
-If an attack from an agressor nation would occur, the attacked country would massively retaliate by using force greater thatn the size of the attack
-The aim was to deter that country from attacking in the first place
-The US would use bomb shelters and nuclear weapons helped to defend the US from attacks
9. Fidel Castro and the Bay of Pigs- Cuba suspected invasion, supplied themselves ahead of time. False invasion with cargo ships, then we attacked.. Cuban planes started attacking us. Mission unsuccessful. Cubans supposed to recapture their land that was being dictated by Castro.. were promised air support by Kennedy.
10. The Cuban Missile Crisis- Missiles being held in Cuba, we quarantined them so no more missiles could come in. Made a deal that if all missiles were removed from Cuba, we would not invade them.. we also removed our missiles from Turkey. Two leaders were JFK and Nikita Khrushchev
11. The Berlin Wall--Going Up and Coming Down-
-Barrier constructed by German democratic republic
-Cut of West Berlin from east Berlin and Germany
-Death strip, Wire fence to concrete, Guard Towers, more than 87 miles long
Why it was constructed:
-Eastern Bloc was dominated by the Soviets
-Fascist-radical political ideology
-Socialist state in East Germany
-West Germany hadn't been de-Nazified "Wall of Shame"
-Stopped people from fleeing from East Berlin to West Berlin
Effects:
-many tried to escape to be free
-some families were split because of the wall
-many lost jobs because they were cut off from it
-East German government able to reassert control
Response:
-Kennedy appointed General Lucius D. Clay
-ordered the Berlin airlift to drop supplies
-US troops marched from West Germany to East headed to Wes Berlin
-The convoy arrived in West Berlin
-Berliners felt reassured
The Fall:
-Hugary had disabled its border defences against Austria
-Many East Germans escaped through Hungary to Austria
-Then flooded West Germany and refused to return
-East Germany disallowed travel to Hugary
-Protest broke out in East
-"Peaceful Revolution"--
-Germans gathered at gate, guards overwhelmed
Demolition
-Started on November 9, 1989 (it was put up in 1961)
-Wall not completely torn down
-People came with sledgehammers, and chissels, and hammers
-More border crossings added
-Bulldozers reinstated old roads
-Visa-free travel on December 23
-Short sections and watchtowers left as memorials
-German reunification not official until October 3, 1990
12. Nixon's visit to China-
-President Nixon was a strong Anti-communist
-Wanted to improve relations between the Soviet Union, China, and the US after WWII were deterioratin
-China was teetering on the edge of communism under the control of Mao Zedong
-Government officials were secretly visiting China in order to prepare
-There was a lot of security involved
The meeting:
-took place in 1972 in Beijing, Hanzghou, and Shanghai
-Nison met with Mao Zedong in Beijing to discuss tension....
-Shanghai Communique
-The US and China issued it
-It stated that the countries would work toward normalization
Results
-improved relations between China and US
-Nixon's trip was set the stage for economic sharing
13. 1970's Peace Attempts-Detente, Salt I, Salt II-
14. Effects of the Soviet's invasion of Afghanistan- Afghanistan; grain production dropped, we had a grain embargo, communist leader Najibullah. five million mines in the country, Al Qaeda and Taliban formed, the invasion was a failure, caused low morale, loss of 15,000 soldiers, 1 million Afghans killed, Soviets; lost hundreds of aircrafts and other machines, president Carter prohibited trade with Soviets, also boycotted the Moscow olympic games, we spent a lot of money supporting the resistance group against Soviets, Taraki and Amin leaders of Afghanistan, Taraki first communist president, Amin killed Taraki by suffocating him, KGB killed Amin; thought he wasn't loyal, people didn't like his ways, KGB is like our CIA
15. Ronald Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative(Missile Defense System today)-
16. Gorbachev's/Reagan's changing ways-perestroika and glasnost, INF Treaty-
17. The fall of Communism and the end of the Cold War-explain how it all went down-
18. The new map of Europe(up to present)-
19. Why the US won the Cold War-
20. Korean Conflict--
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