Friday, May 10

[5th Amy]

Presenters Notes

• Cold War
  • Main       Goal
    • Spread        communism during/ in the cold war
  • Ronald Reagan
    • did well in making the        relationship with USSR the best it could be
    • relationship was worst was        during the cold war (60’s)
  • Gorbachev
    • first and only president of soviet        union
    • was communist
    • got rid or Stalin practices

• •   
    • labor         camps
      
  • known for political and        economic reforms
  • famous for Glasnost- openness        in the government
• McCarthy
  • little black book with        celebrities and famous people who were communist
  • lost power and respect        because of this
  • big scare because people        thought communism was spreading
• Bay of Pigs Invasion
  • American CIA went in to Cuba        with the intent to remove Castro but didn’t work
  • JFK in president and goes        into cube with that intent
• Cuban missile crisis
  • USSR put missiles in Cuba
  • aggressive stance
  •   
    • said to         use for protection but was lying
      
  • when JFK was president
  • Brinkmanship
  •   
    • going         to the brink of war without actually going to war
• Space Race
  • started before JFK but he had        a big push for it
  • USSR first to send a ship or        satellite to space was Sputnik
  •   
    • also         put a dog in space and he died
      
  • 1969 American beat USSR to        the moon (conspiracy)
• Communism
  • quality        of government
• Socialism
  • quality        of the economy
  •   
    • pay         being the same
• KGB
  • equivalent to CIA
• Detente
  • known as the relaxing period        or easing of tension
• Peaceful Co-existence

• USSR and America could both exist without conflict

WORLD WAR 2

• Allies:
  • United States and  Great Britain
  • USSR and France
  • Axis Powers
    • Italy, Japan and Germany
  • Spain was communistic
    • Anything communistic –USSR supported
  • Germany invaded USSR in summer
    • Thought battle would be quick and decisive; they were wrong so they did not pack any winter gear. The biggest tragedy was after a town was defeated they would burn it down or destroy it so that the Germans could not resupply or get food.
  • Vldamier Lenin
    • First person to put communism into action from the deals of Marx.

Equivalent to socialism = capitalism

Equivalent to communism = democracy

• Joseph Stalin
  • USSR leader/dictator
  • Set up labor camps for his own people
  • Responsible for 10 million + deaths

 

 

ROMANOVS AND THE PATH TO REVOLUTION

• Sar Nicholas II
  • Cut minimum wage in half
  • Last ruler until the Bolshevik Revolution
  • Last ruler  until the Bolshevik Revolution
  • He and his family were executed after the Bolshevik Revolution
  • Bloody Sunday
    • People are peacefully protesting
    • Sar Nicholas says to have a bunch of the protesters killed
    • Police force end up killing lots of people
  • They had an empire at this time, power was passed down through family

 

POST COLD WAR RUSSIA

• Vladimir Putin
  • President from 2000 to 2008
  • Left and worked for the prime minister
  • Became president in 2012
  • Currently serving as president of Russia

START – strategic arms reduction treaty

• Signed in 2010 with Obama

 

ANCIENT RUSSIA

Russia: the beginnings

• The early history of Russia, like those of many countries, is one of migrating peoples and ancient kingdoms
• Early Russia was not exactly “Russia” but a group of cities that gradually merged into an empire
• A group of Scandinavian people (Varangians) crossed the Baltic Sea and landed in Eastern Europe. The leader of the Varangians was the warrior Rurik.
•  By 989, Vladimir I was ruler of a kingdom that extended to as far south as the Black Sea, the Caucasus Mountains and the lower reaches of the Volga River
• He established a state religion
• He carefully considered a number of available faiths and decided upon Greek Orthodoxy, thus allying himself with Constantinople and the West
• He decided against Islam partly because of his belief that his people could not live under a religion that prohibits hard liquor.

Mongol Invasion

• Referring to the Mongols “These terrible strangers have taken our country and tomorrow they will take yours if you do not come and help us.”
• In response tp this call. Mstislav the Bold and Mstislav Romanovich the Old joined forces and set out eastward to meet the foe
• The Russians were defeated In 1223 at the Battle of Kalka River, a defeat remembered to this day in Russia and Ukraine.
• The mongol empire invaded Kievan Rus; in the 13^th century, destroying numerous cities including Ryazan, Kolomna, Moscow, Vladamir and Kiev.
• Batu Khan’s full-scale invasion of Rus occurred from 1237 to 1240.
• All Russian states had to submit to Mongol rule and became part of the Golden Horde empire some of it lasted until 1840.

Nicholas II

• Died July 16/17, 1918
• The last Russian emperor (1894 – 1917)
• His wife, Alexandra, himself and their children, were killed by the Bolsheviks after the October Revolution.
• Cut the wages of the lower class that lead to the Bolshevik Revo.
• He was part of the Romanov dynasty that ruled Russia since the mid 17^th century.

Bolshevik Revolution

• They had three promises:
• ----Peace
• ----Bread
• ----Land
• A.k.a. Red October, the October Uprising or the Bolshevik Revolution
• What: was a seizure of state power instrumental in the larger Russian Revolution in 1917.

Revo:

• The revolution was led by the Bolsheviks, who used their influence in the Petrigrad Soviet to organize the armed forces.
• Bolshevik Red Guards forces under the Military Revolutionary Committee began the takeover of government buildings on 24 October 1917.
• The following day, the Winter Palace (the seat of the Provisional government located in Petrograd, then capital of Russia), was captured.

Revo Results

• Bolshevik victory led to the: creation of soviet Russia
• End of Russian Provisional Government, Russian Republic and dual power
• Start of the Russian Civil War.

Vladimir Lenin

• Was a Russian communist revolutionary, politician and political theorist.
• Politically a Marxist, his theoretical contributions to Marxist thought are known as Leninism, which coupled with Marxian economic theory have collectively come to be known as Marxism-Leninism.
• As the leader of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, he took a senior role in orchestrating the October Revolution in 1917.

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Research : write 2 paragraphs by comparing and contrasting:

• Communism vs. democracy
• Capitalism vs. socialism
• Graded individually, google doc, due Wednesday at noon.

 

 

USSR (Soviet Union ) in WWII

Leader of WWII

• The leader of the USSR in WWII is Joseph Stalin.
• Responsible for killing around 10 million people during WWII time period.
• Infamous for his labor camps in Siberia where the death rate was very high.
• Known as a member of the original big three (FDR, Churchill, Stalin)

 

Gregory Zhukov

• 5-star general for Stalin and his army
• Known for his leadership the battles of Leningrad and Moscow
• Right hand man of Stalin
• Known for destroying Russian cities after they were defeated by Germany in 1941.
• -He did this so that they couldn’t:
• ---Resupply
• ---Get adequate winter materials

 

Non-Aggression Pact

• Signed in 1939 between Germany (Nazi) and Soviet Union.
• Stated that they would not invade one another and what they would do with Poland and how they would split up once conquered
• Two years later in 1941, Germany invades Soviet Union in the summer.
• Thus, breaking the Non-Aggression Pact.

 

German Invasion

• Summer of ‘41
• Thought it would be a quick and easy invasion
• Germans didn’t bother to bring winter gear
• Many Russians were killed in this defensive struggle
• Many historians argue that this event by Hitler lead to his demise and death in 1945.

 

Allies in the War

• U.S. -41
• USSR -41
• Great Britain
• France

 

Axis Powers

• Italy
• Germany
• USSR – before ‘41
• Japan

 

Death Tolls

• Over 60 million people were killed, which was over 2.5% of the world population.
• 22,000,000 to 30,000,000 military and civilian deaths for the USSR.
• This really would affect a country.

 

U.S. and USSR relationship

• Very unique relationship
  • Fought together in WWI
  • USSR was originally fighting against the Allies before joining the Allies.
  • Even though we fought on the same side doesn’t make us the best of friends.
  • In the Yalta Conference, Stalin wanted to make Poland a communist country.
  • After WWII, U.S. and Soviets were the two big world super powers.

 

Analysis of the Era

• This era was okay for the Soviets
• Positives:
  • Able to defend themselves and withstand the German invasion
  • With the Allies, won WWII
  • Became a world superpower.
  • Negatives:
    • Lost many people in battle
    • Communism was still being used
    • Stalin was a ruthless leader ( a good one for military times though)
    • Labor camps

Research: Research the labor camps

Same Google Doc as previous assignment this week

Individually

• Total of 2 paragraphs:
• 1 paragraph for the description of the camps and 1 for your opinion if U.S. should adopt some of these policies.
• Fun Fact: America spends 65 billion dollars per year on their prison systems.
• Due at noon tomorrow.

The Cold War 1945-1990

US vs. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

 

Definition

• A political, strategic and ideological struggle between the US and the Soviet Union
• Spread throughout the world – Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America.

 

Causes of the Cold War

• Different political systems
  • U.S. is based on democracy, capitalism and freedom
  • USSR is based on dictatorship, communism and control
  • Both thought their system was better and distrusted the others intentions
  • Stalin despised capitalism.
  • Stalin breaking his promise to allow free elections at the Yalta Conference
  • American fear of a communist attack (Red Scare) and USSR’s fear of a U.S. attack
  • USSR’s fear of the atomic bomb
  • USSR’s actions in their German zone
  • USSR’s goal to spread communism around the world
  • This feeling of suspicion lead to a mutual distrust and this did a great deal to deepen the Cold War.

Yalta Conference Feb 1945

• Big 3 : Winston Churchill –prime minister of Great Britain, FDR –American president, Stalin –dictator of USSR
• The  big three agreed to:
  • The establishment of the United Nations
  • Germany to be divided into four zones
  • Free elections allowed in the states of Eastern Europe
  • Russia promised to join the war against Japan

 

Post WWII/ Cold War goals for US

• Wanted to promote open markets for US goods to prevent another depression
• Promote democracy throughout the world, especially in Asia and Africa
• Stop the spread of communism

 

Post war goals of the USSR

• Wanted to create greater security for itself.
  • lost tens of millions of people in WWII and Stalin’s purges
  • Feared a strong Germany
  • Establish defensible borders
  • Encourage friendly governments on its borders
  • Spread communism around the world.

 

The Berlin Crisis (Berlin Airlift)

• In 1948, the three western controlled zones of Germany’s (U.S., France, UK) were united.
• The west wanted the east to rejoin but Stalin feared it would hurt Soviet security
• In June 1948, Stalin decided to try to gain control of West Berlin which was deep inside the eastern sector.
• He cut road, rail and canal links with West Berlin, hoping to starve it into submission
• The west responded by airlifting in the necessary supplies to allow West Berlin to survive.
• In May 1949, Soviet Union admitted defeat and lifted the blockade.

 

USSR’s First Atomic Test

• US test Hydrogen Bomb -1952
• 1000 times more powerful than the Hiroshima atomic bomb
• Set off on Bikini Island in the Marshall Islands.

 

Stalin Dies -1953

 

Nikita Khrushchev Takes Over

• Talks of peaceful coexistence and destalinization.

 

Space Race

• USSR was the first to put a satellite/ space ship into space
• US was first to land on the moon on 1969.
• USSR would also put animals into space
• Conspiracies?

 

Fidel Castro overthrows Batista

 

Berlin Wall – 1961

• Put up to divide Berlin, Germany
• East side was communistic
• West side was non-communistic

 

Bay of Pigs

• It was he U.S’s secret attempt to overthrow Castro
• JFK was the president at the time
• Failed miserably
• Arguably lead to Cuban Missile Crisis

 

Cuban Missile Crisis

• USSR put missiles into Cuba
• They said it was or defensive purposes so that the US wouldn’t invade communistic Cuba
• Most intense time of the Cold War
• The United States wanted the missiles out of Cuba
• The resolution: take U.S’s secret missile out of Turkey secretly in exchange for the missile in Cuba.

 

Range of Soviet Missiles Launched from China

 

Berlin wall comes down November 9, 1989