Today Mr. Bruns and the class are talking about the countries again. Today we are talking about China, US, Australia, and Canada.
Leaders in World War II:
**Adolf Hitler (Germany-Axis Powers)
**Benito Mussolini (Italy-Axis Powers)
**Winston Churchill (Great Britain-Allied Powers)
**Franklin Roosevelt (U.S.-Allied Powers)
**Tajekai To Jo (Japan-Axis Powers)
**Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union-Allied Powers)
I. Treaty of Versailles
-know what it specifically did and how it helped lead to WWII
*WWII had started from the Treaty of Versailles: (was the cause of everything to come leading up to WWII) it was the official treaty that ended WWI...Woodrow Wilson was the U.S. president at the time..Germany and the Soviet Union wanted to get land back when it was divided up helping the cause of WWII. Hitler thought that anyone who spoke the German language should live in Germany
Treaty of Versailes: Germany lost--Alsace-Lorraine (given to France); Eupen and Malmedy (given to Belgium); Northern Schleswig (given to Denmark); Hultschin (given to Czechoslovakia); West Prussia, Posen, and Upper Silesia (given to Poland); The Saar, Danzig and Memel were put under the control of the League of Nations and the people of these regions would be allowed to vote to stay in German or not in a future referendum...
*Military Consequences:
-Germany's army was reduced to 100,000 men; the army was not allowed tanks
-Germany was not allowed and airforce
-Germany was allowed only 6 capital naval ships and no submarines
-The west of the Rhineland and 50 kms east of the River Rhine was made into a demilitarized zone (DMZ). No German soldier or weapon was allowed into this zone. The Allies were to keep an army of occupation on the west bank of the Rhine for 15 years....
Financial Consequences of the Treaty of Versailles
-Germany had to pay $33 billion--Allies wanted to bankrupt them
-Germany was forbidden to unite with Austria to form one superstate
-The loss of vital industrial territory would be a severe blow to Germany's economy. Coal grom the Saar and Upper Silesia in particular was a vital economic loss---depression--(territorial loss)
General:
-Germany had to admit full responsibility for starting the war. This was Clause 231-the infamous "War Guilt Clause"
-Germany, as it was responsible for strating the war as stated in clause 231, was therefor responsible for all the war damage caused by WWI. Therefore, they had to pay reparations, the bulk of which would go to France and Belgium to opay for the damage done to both countries by the war. The figure was eventually put at $33 billion.
-A League of Nations was set up to keep world peace.
II. League of Nations
-define and explain it's weaknesses
-a world wide peace keeping organization--goal was to keep world peace
-The League of Nations had no military force to help struggling forces in a war --they really couldn't do anything--they could condemn the actions and they would do economic sanctions (don't trade with other countries)--Italy, Germany, and France were part of the League of Nations---this made the League of Nations became very weak and was a failure.
Why didn't the US join
-weaknesses: The United States never joined it--Woodrow Wilson wanted to get in the League of Nations but Congress thought we would end up being in war with other countries like Europe--Congress refused to ratify that; required a unanimous vote to get things passed
III. Know the basics about the following countries:
-How did WWI/Treaty of Versailles impact this country
-How did this country change in the 1920's/1930's(includes leader coming to power and their goals).
-What was/were this countries military strategies in the 1920's and 1930's.
-How was this country involved on WWII(what alliance did they belong to, how were they involved within the war)
Germany
Some people liked him because he gave people jobs in the military.
Weimar Republic. People did not like this.
Hitler comes to power because he was put into prison for trying to overthrow the Weimar Republic. While in prison, he learned that he has to do it the legal way. Tried running for president but didn't work. The president at that time appointed Hitler is Chancellor. They knew he was crazy and he made himself dictator. To get people out of poverty, he promised jobs. Of course, military jobs opened up! Building up the military was a good thing tho.
BUT...hitler killed a lot og jews. First, he took away German citizenship. Jews can only marry jews...They went into concentration camps and death camps.
His goals were to make military strong,to move into countries and dilute the nonpure status, lebensraum("Living Space".)
As WW2 approached, Hitler's strategy was blitskrieg. (lighting war) (attack with airplanes, troops, and machines, tanks) and take out factories, military camps, railroads(transportation.) Germany invaded and trapped Poland. Poland was between a rock and a hard place. (Germany and Soviet Union.) Hitler believed in offensive tactics.
After the war, lives were lost, cities were bombed. Hitler killed himself.
-Type of Government: Germany had a parliamentary republic government during the interwar years--Germany had Wimer Republic government which was a democracy in Germany; --they were struggling..President (Chancler) Hindenburg appointed Hitler as the leader of Germany--Hitler gets rid of the democracy immediately to make himself "dafewer" (leader)..
-How did Hitler change the country when they went into WWII:
Germany was facing depression and Hitler promised the country that he would give people jobs..
-Goals: Germany took over Austria and Czecholslavakia before the war started since they had German people in them (undo the Treaty of Versailes; Lebensraum (Living Space) for the Russion people; wanted to create an Arian race
-Blitzquerade-rapid attack used on Japan
-After WWII, Germany was split into two countries
Italy
Allied powers. Italy gained land from Austria-Hungary. Italy wanted more land. Italy's leader was muscellini. government fashism. Leader was athiest(no god) King Victory was almost all catholic. muscellini made a deal with the catholic church. If catholism was required to be taught in schools, then they would like him more. Fashism is building military, glorifying the country of italy. (patriotism, nationalism.) Muscellini tried to reform the country. He made trains run on time(efficient) Negatively, he got them into the war and they werent strong. He made allies with Germany and the poeple did not like that at all. His goals were to control North Africa, ethiopia and build up the military. Muscellini was killed and their government became allies of the US. WW2 impacted italy in ways such as there was a lot of fighting, debt, deaths,
Soviet Union
-Treaty of Versailes impact on Russia: didn't impact them too much; after WWII they annexed the Ukraine and another country...the Soviet Union ended up losing land when they signed the Breslafof Treaty giving up land to Russia...
-Government--prior to having communism they had czars like the Romanaughs..
-Joseph Stalin became leader and later became a dictator--was trying to tell farmers how to farm, etc.
--Vladimir Lenin planned to have a utopian society (previous leader)
-Stalin started the processes, "Nationalization-idustry" and "Collectivization-when the Soviet Union took over farms"...during the process of taking over businesses, more people died...
-Bad/Good things that Stalin did: ***he was building tanks and guns for the Cold War so millions of people died because of so much labor... he killed political opponents that he didn't trust and farmers that fought back; invaded Poland which helped in starting WWII; he started the 5 year plan
Military Strategy of Stalin: 'red' army; at first they were offensive and then fought other countries--Stalin was not ready for the "Red" army; as the Soviets fell back, they burned everything (bridges, railroad tracks, fields,) so that Germany was unable to use those things.
-Role in WWII: At first the Soviet Union was allies with Germany...Then, they invaded Poland and the 'red' army invaded it too...that made Germany want to invade the Soviet Union. We were allies so we could take over Hitler
-Impact of WWII: there were high casualties (highest in the war)..their country was absolutely demolished after the war..
Japan
Attacked Asia, China specifically. They wanted to build up their army and they used planes for their military alot.Without planes, Pearl Harbor wouldn't have happened. the U.S. bombed them, but we later basically HAD to help them because otherwise communists would have helped them and we did not want that.
Treaty of Versailles impact:
Type of government between 20's and 30's-constitutional empire (emperor was Hiro Hito--approved that Attacking of Pearl Harbor; wanted natural resources; supported the invasion of Northern China to get the natural resources) After they invade Mankuria, they invaded all of China in 1937 to get resources and to dominate Asia.
How Tojo came to power-
How the government changed:
Why Japan attacked Pearl Harbor: Japan wanted us to trade [oil] with them.
-In the 1920s, Japan did everything to make themselves Allies--joined League of Nations, signed Kellogg-Brand act; but then changed to Axis powers.
Impact--devasted with the atomic bombs killing all of those people, cities, buildings...--was being bombed every day by conventional bombs so Japan was basically already demolished.
Great Britain
-treaty of versailles impact-split up land in Germany; Great Britain got a few colonies in Africa and they got a billions of dollars from Germany to pay war appurations
-type of government-was a constitutional monarch (king/queen)..utlimately had a democracy--Nevel Chaberlain (not well loved in British history, gave into Hitler to do whatever for the war:: Chamberlain is replaced with Winston Churchill thought they shouldn't have done that-was elected prime minister right before WWII--goals:
*to beat Germany
*keep the land in Britain safe and keep his citizens from harm
*"we shall never surrender"
-Germany was bombing Great Britain every night.
*keep people focused and keep Great Britain together
-was a major alliance of ours (allie power)
-because of WWII, Great Britain's empire fell apart, many of the countries became independent
France
-treaty of versailles impact--they got land back from Germany; France was glad that Germany wasn't allowed an airforce or submarines so that they couldn't attack them...They got colonies; they thought the treaty should've been a little harder on Germany; France gave Germany the money to pay war appuartion
-government--democracy
-leader throughout WWII-Charles De Gaulle(head of the Free French Underground) and Paul Renod(appointed Gual as minister of war
-when Hitler allowed southern part of France to be self-governed. it was led by Marshal Henri Petain with a Viche government (german nazis controlled the northern part of France)
-goals of leaders
*promote industrial growth--introduce french currency to control inflation
*didn't want Germany to get their power back again--keep them weak
-role of France-were at war with Germany, they lost it; two governments, Viche government (pro nazi) (axis power); --were taken over (part of the Allie power)
-France took a defensive military strategy
-never fully recovered after WWII--most war in France took place after D-day; never a super world power again; tried to maintain their superpower but didn't happen
Goals were wanting their country back. Their military strategy was maginot. It is to stop German advance on France. This strategy worked.
China
People eyed china for their resources. The open door policy was best.
Mao Zedony- Communist
Chiang Kai Shek-nationolist- we like him because he isnt a communist.
US
We didn't sign the Treaty of Versailles because it had nothing to do with Wilson's 14 points.
FDR did the new deals to help us.
Our goals were to get us out of the Great Depression. Also to stop Germany and defeat them.
Military strategy throughout the twenties we didn't have one really, we had acts to stop it.
In the thirties we passed neutrality acts, trying to keep us out of it. Isolationism!
Canada
*how the treaty of Versailles impacted Canada--they got a very small portion of money (they were a British colony, as was Austrailia), they move towards independence from being a british colony
*type of government-were trying to split from Britain to be their own country...as time went on the government got stronger (monarchy government)
*Leader during WWII-William McKenzie King --came to power by being elected (by democracy)
*how king helped the country by being in power-he was serving as the prime minister of Canada; gave Canada its own voice by letting them make their own decisions (moved towards having independence from Great Britain); tried to lower tarriffs, helped the people during the great depression
*Helped Britain by: helped defeat the germans in the battle of britain; canadian navy helped escort ships across the atlantic ocean; troops were a big part of D-day and with France (navy, airforce)..helped fight the germans and the italians, made a lot of food for troops...
Alliance: allie powers
how WWII impacted Canada: after the war, Canada became more modernized; the war helped Canada lean towards independence.
Australia
Did not sign the Treaty of Versailles.
IV. Hitler's Treatment of the Jews
V. Munich Conference-Policy of Appeasement
VI. US Role in the 1920's/1930's
-Washington Naval Conference
-Kellog-Briand Pact
-Neutrality Acts throughout the 1930's
-Quarantine Speech
-Bases for Destroyers
-Lend-Lease Act
VII. Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact
VIII. Outbreak of War--Blitzkrieg!!
-Japan and China
-Germany and Poland
-Germany and France
-Germany and Great Britain
-Germany and the Soviet Union
IX. Pearl Harbor
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