Friday, March 2, 2012

[3Brayden]

The Rise of the Dictators

 

Three Great WW II Dictators

1. 1.    Adolph Hitler-Germany
2. 2.    Benito Mussolini-Italy
3. 3.    Iosif Dzhugashvili(Josef Stalin)

 

 

 

Define totalitarianism.

Government has all the power.

 

 

 

 

Why did totalitarianism come about in the 1920’s and 1930’s?

 

 

 

1. 1.    Post-war depression

-high inflation

     -1923 420 trillion marks to one US dollar

-high unemployment

-democratic governments struggled to end depression

 

1. 2.    New nations had no experience with democratic governments

 

1. 3.    Democracy brought about a lot of political parties

 

1. 4.    Unhappy with the results of WW I

-wanted revenge

 

 

 

 We went over Mr. Bruns Powerpoint.

 

Characteristics of Totalitarian Regimes

 

1. 1.      Tried to control people of country through fear and intimidation

-secret police force and military

 

1. 2.      Propaganda campaigns promoting the party

-press censorship and control of media

 

1. 3.      Educating the young in the ways of totalitarianism

-militarism, nationalism, imperialism, history of country

 

1. 4.      Government controlled the economy

-USSR completely

-Germany and Italy partially

 

1. 5.      All preached about the unfairness of WW I

 

6. Leader became iconized

          -statues and painting

Benito Mussolini’s Italy

Fascism

 

 

Fascist movement began right after WW I

          -people were unhappy with the results and the economy

was terrible

-people were scared that the socialists might come to power so many turned to fascism

                   -including King Victor Emmaneul

 

 

Benito Mussolini( Il Duce)

 

          -hated the wealthy and catholic church

          -mother forced him to go to catholic school

                   -expelled for stabbing a rich student

          -unsuccessful elementary teaching career

          -joined the socialist movement before during WWI

          -fought for Italy in WWI-injured

          -got involved in Fascist movement after the war

          -became the leader of the Fascist movement

          -King Victor Emmanuel asked him to be premier in 1922

          -by 1926 was complete dictator of Italy

          -killed political opponents

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fascist Ideas

 

1. 1.    Hated communism and democracy- He believed in government power telling people what to do

 

1. 2.    Government’s role is to protect the people of the country

 

1. 3.    Nationalism-Take it to the extreme strong pride in ones country." Nothing above the state nothing outside the state and nothing against the state.
2. 4.    Militarism-   Building up big powerful navy.
3. 5.    Imperialism

 

1. 6.    Corporativism-

-industrial leaders and workers must work well together

-detested capitalist’s greedy ways

 

1. 7.    Made Catholicism the national religion

-Mussolini hated religion but realized he nneded an alliance with the Catholic Church

-brought many Catholics to support Mussolini

 

1. 8.    Efficiency and order were very important

-Mussolini “made the trains run on time”

 

 

Mussolini’s fascism was not as strict as Nazism

          -allowed monarchy to continue

          -allowed the Catholic Church to continue

What did the world do to keep peace and not go to war? 

Washington Naval Conference-

-4 Power G.B., U.S., France, Japan

-5 Power China

-9 Open Door Policy- free trade with Japan

      

 

Adolf Hitler

 

 

- born in 1889 in Austria

- dropped out of school at 16

- wanted to be and artist and architect

- failed to get into art school

 

- moved to Germany in 1913

- joined German Army when WWI broke out

- was wounded twice (once by gas)

- won numerous medals

 

- accepted the “stab in the back” theory

- hated Weimer Republic

- joined the Nationalist Socialist German Worker’s Party (Nazi) after WWI

- voted Fuhrer (Leader) of the Nazi Party in 1921

 

- Nazi party attracted the following groups of people:

            1. Manual laborers

            2. Former soldiers

            3. Adventurers and misfits

 

- The Nazi Party:

            1. was violently nationalistic

            2. was anti-Semitic (anti-Jew)

            3. Hated the democratic Weimer Republic

            4. talked of the Volk (German common people) superiority

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Beer Hall Putsch (1923)

            - Hitler and the Nazis tried to take over the German Gov’t

            - Failed miserably

            - Hitler was arrested for treason

                        - Got five years but only served 9 months

 

- While in prison he wrote his book Mein Kampf (My Struggle)

            - Outlined Hitler’s ideas:

                        1. Aryans were the superior race

                                    - Germans, Dutch, Belgians, Scandinavians and English

                                    - No interbreeding

 

                        2. Anti-Semitic beliefs

                                    - Hated Jews, inferior race

                                    - Hitler associated them with the Weimer Republic and

  Communism

                       

                        3. Hated democracy

                                    - Believed one person had to have the power to keep order and

  Discipline

 

                        4. Undo the Treaty of Versailles

 

                        5. Re-unite German speaking peoples

                                    - Austria, Sudetenland, Danzig, Poland

 

                        6. Lebensraum

                                    - “Living space” in Russia for the German People

 

- Hitler also learned that he would have to come to power legally

 

- January 30, 1933, Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany

 

- Within 18 months Hitler had total power and created “The Third Reich”