WWII 1919-1941
I. Treaty of Versailles
-know what it specifically did and how it helped lead to WWII -a treaty to end WWI, created new land by splitting up Europe ( mainly Germany and Soviet Union) for different ethnic groups and they wanted their independence. Stalin and Hitler wanted to take back the land they had lost in this treated which lead to WWII. Germany started taking back land that had German people in it and other countries let it go because they didn't want to start war. The countries that were created in this treated, basically started WWII b/c Germany and Soviet Union wanted their land back. Treaty took a lot of land from Germany to France, Belgium, Denmark, Poland, and Czechoslovakia which eventually made Germany invade them.The League of Nations took control of Germany's overseas colonies. Germany's army was reduced by 100,000 men and they weren't allowed to use tanks or airforce. Allowed to only have 6 capital naval ships, and no submarines; weren't allowed in areas west of the Rhineland and east of the River Rhine. Germany had to pay $33 billion from WWI, and they wouldn't gain anything from the land that they had gotten. Their money was basically worthless. Germany was also forbidden to unite with Austria to form one superstate. "War Guilt Clause" made Germany admit full responsibility for starting the war and pay the $33 billion.
II. League of Nations
-what is it? - a group of countries that promoted peace and would help countries solve problems amongst each other.
-define and explain it's weaknesses- U.S didn't join, countries didn't really listen to them and dropped out of it, they didn't want war at any cost and let countries like Germany take over other countries, and kept giving into Hilter.
-Why didn't the US join- U.S didn't join because the Senate thought we would be pulled into wars all the time trying to fix other countries problems.
III. Know the basics about the following countries:
-How did WWI/Treaty of Versailles impact this country
-How did this country change in the 1920's/1930's(includes leader coming to power and their goals).
-What was/were this countries military strategies in the 1920's and 1930's.
-How was this country involved on WWII(what alliance did they belong to, how were they involved within the war)
Germany- Treaty of Versaille above. Hitler wanted revenge on the Allies about the treaty. Gov't was the Weimer Republic; President Hindenburg appointed Adolf Hitler as Germany Chancellor. Gov't trying to move to a Democracy Gov't. The Weimer Republic didn't work overally well because they were in a huge depression and their economy was bad. Hitler then allowed the Nazi's to come into the gov't and basically tried to start a dictatorship and it happened. Hitler blamed Communist and any other gov't party so that the Nazi's would be the only political party. Hitler promises to give people jobs to get their support. He had the military and police forces under his control and he tried to kill off anyone against him with these forces. Hitler known as Der Fuehrer (the leader). Hitler helped the country by giving him jobs, re-built the Germany military, and gained back land that was taken away, but he killed all those Jews and everyone who didn't like him. Hitler's goals were to undo the Treaty of Versaille, take over Europe and reunite German-speaking peoples, get back at the Jews and people for everything that happened Germany, create the Erian race (blonde hair, blue eyes). Lebensraum- "Living space" - Ukraine send the Erian race there. They had an offensive strategy where they would attack people- Blitzkreig. Part of Axis powers, Italy, Romania, Bulgaria and Hungary and Japan. (Morganne)
Italy - Treaty of Versaille didn't really affect Italy very much, wanted land, but didn't get much; the gov't was lead by Benito Mussolini started a Facist gov't was the leader as long as he didn't take over King Victor Emanual. Mussolini tried to make Italy independent, but it didn't really work; depended on Germany quite a bit. Musslini declared was on France when they didn't want to go to war. He did his best to help the economic status by giving people jobs, and made things more efficient. Catholic church made a deal with Mussolini that they would support him if he made Catholism the main religion and required religion to be taught in school. He want the country to be the most important to people, and this hurt people support him. They started as an Axis power, but then went to Alli power when Mussolini was killed. Invaded France after Germany had already destroyed it; invaded may countries. WWII impacted them because they lost land, leader was shot and killed; gov't became a lot more free, and many people were killed became allis with U.S. Benito Mussolini- Fascism: dictatorship, strong nationalism(pride in your country), strong military, make the country strong. said that everything people do should go to benefit their country. came to power because Italy didn't want to move to Communism. (Scott and Cameo)
Soviet Union- Treaty didn't do a whole lot, but did lose some land to Poland. Gov't was a Communist gotv't. Stallin was the leader when Lennin retired early. Stallin had a 5 year plan to get the Soviet Union economy better in industrial and agricultural development. Collectivization and Nationalization was Stallins process to take over the economy; many people fought back against this and they died. Collectivization was taking over the farm, and Nationalization took over the industries. He also wanted to hault Germany advances and beat them, that did happen. Before war he wanted to build up the Soviet Union, get back their land from WWI, secure their borders with allis, and use the 5 year plan to build economy up. Stallin told the troops to burn everything in their path when they retreat so they wouldn't leave anything to help the Germans, also said that if the troops retreated, they would be killed. They had an agree with Germany not to find each, so when Germany invaded them they went to the Alli power. Impact from war: lost the most people, Stallin stayed in power, towns destroyed, they became the second World Super Power. Lenin thought that the gov't should eventually dissolve and the people would take over. (Tanner)
Japan- my blog. in 1920's joined League of Nations, and Washington Naval Conference which said the countries would respect their colonies, promote free trade with China, and promise China freedom, and lower naval power-U.S great Britain, Japan, France, China. Also signed a pact to outlaw war. Admiral Yamamoto came up with the plan to bomb Pearl Habor. Tojo military leader.
Great Britain- Suffered msot casualities in the Alli powers. Winstin Churchhill was prime minister and his attitude inspired the people; he said they shouldn't surrender or get defeated and he didn't like to compromise peace. Churchhill helped with the Treaty of Versaille because he wanted Germany to pay make that money. Part of the Alli powers with U.S, France, Belgium, Italy, Russia. They didn't get much money from Germany and got some territories from Germany from the treaty. Huge country in the war; last country in that area that wasn't allied or neutral or taken over by Germany. A lot of people died, and from all the bombs that were dropped, land and buildings were destroyed. The Treaty gave them colonies in Africa; they have a Constitutional Monarchy gov't. Nelvin Chamberlin tried to apease or please Hitler by giving him want he wanted, so they wouldn't cause war and so Hilter would go away. Military strategy blockaded around their country. Because it's an island, they could be many things around the island like mines in water, auto-machine guns on land, etc. and this would cause troubles for the countries trying to attack them. WWII impacted them because their British Empire wasn't the big super power country, it became U.S and Soviet Union until S.U fell apart. (Brandon and Courtney)
France- Treaty gave them land from Germany on border and Alasce-Lorrianne, they thought the Treaty should have been tougher on Germany, and they got a lot of money since they made Germany pay the damages. Alliance-Allis, U.S. Great Britain, China, Poland. Constitutional Monarchy gov't- had prime minister but had little power, people had a say in what happened. Leader- Charles de Gaulle. France was taken over my Germany and split into two gov't. Free French Underground gov't(Northern), part of Alli, lead by de Gaulle. Vichy Gov't(Southern) led by Marshal Henri Petain, aligned with Germany (Axis). Before the war, they did the Maginot Line between France and Germany with tanks, machine guns, hospitals underground; defensive tradegy; this was suppose to keep them from having to do deal with Germany. Weren't mentaling prepared to go into war, and didn't want to go to war so they would give into Hitler, but they had the military they needed to fight. "Phony War" declared war on Germany but didn't fight. Impact- lost a lot of power, pretty much ended their power, lots of deaths, towns destroyed, (Ana and Cheryl)
China- Treaty didn't really impact them a lot, didn't like the treaty, but wanted to keep fighting. Gov't was a Communist gov't after they had a war between themselves; leaders Chaign Kai Shek(Nationalist) and Mao Zedong(Communist). Shek wanted to get rid of Communist, but during WWII they came together to not have Japan take over, but after war continued their own fighting, Communist win. Mao was overall leader. Alli power- U.S, Great Britain, Canada, Australia. Impact from war- changed gov't, lost a lot of resources, economy suffered-really poor, many deaths, cities destroyed. Rape of Nanking- many women raped from Japaneese during war.
US- Treaty didn't affect us b/c even though we helped plan it, we didn't pass it because we didn't like the League of Nations. FDR and Harry Truman when he died. FDR before war had the New Deal plans; goals in war- help Allis and U.S. get out of war, during war our economy wasn't very good, but helped us get out of the depression, end of war our economy was good. wanted to defeat Germany, Japan. Military strategy was isolation and treaty to outlaw war, and Neutrallity pact to keep us out of the war. Used the draft and volunteers to fill the needs of our military. Role- got involved when Japan bombed Pearl Habor, but eventually got involved with other countries other than Japan like Germany. Made supplies to help the Alli powers. Impact- overall helped our economy like giving people jobs, got us out of depression, lost many people, became World Super Power, led to the Cold War about stopping Communism with Soviet Union. (Cole and Alex M.)
Canada- Treasty didn't really imapct them; only got a little money from Germany. The gov't was trying to become their own country, so they were trying to have a Progressive Gov't instead of a Monarchy with Great Britain. William King was the prime minister of Canada. He tried to give Canada their own voice for war decissions, but didn't like the movement towards the Progressive gov't. We wanted welfare unemployment insurance, old age pension, and family allowance. Their military didn't really have a say in what they did because Great Britain was in control of them and if GB got into war, so would Canada. They support Europe forces, and set up training camps for the military. They bombed many Germany bomb factories. Part of the Alli Powers, with England, Russia, U.S., France, etc. One of the top technology countries, and lost many soldiers from the war; discrimminated against Japaneese-Canadians and put them in like camps because they didn't trust them. (Austin-Fred, and Leah)
Australia- May have gotten some money from Treaty. King of Great Britain was in charge of Australia,.
Joined war after Germany invaded Poland because they were controlled by Poland. Most Australians were stationed in European theatre, North African campaign, and the South West Pacific Theatre to fight in war. Last country standing by Japan, so U.S could put naval bases there. Alli powers. Impact- lost many people(Dustin)
-Everything that the Treaty of Versaille did was carried out, but the 1000 men they were suppose to have, Germany found a loop whole and on paper it showed that they had 1000 men, but htye were training 1000 men and would let them go until they needed the. No airforce was followed but they did train their soldiers about flying and trained some overseas which didn't break the treaty.
-anti-semitism- hatred of the Jews
IV. Hitler's Treatment of the Jews- Holocaust- planned killing of 6 million Jews by Nazis and the other people raises the number from about 11-17 million. 2 out of 3 Europe Jews were killed. Hitler didn't like the Jews, Communist, Polish, dark skinned, mantally/handicapped, homosexual, slavic people, mixed races, Jehovah's Witnesses, Gypsies, and politcal opponets, or anyone who disagreed with him. Aryan Race- blonde hair/blue eyed, muscular, tall- Indo-European(Northwestern Europe). Hitler wanted this as the dominant race of Germany. "Lebensborn"- Fount of Life, system where an Aryan Race man would hook up with a women to continue the Aryan Race, then there was an area in France he wanted to spread Germany. Took baby steps to Holocaust--(1933)suspended everyone's rights, set up first concentration camps(first to be in the were Communist), Jews couldn't go to schools and good paying jobs, (1935)- Nuremburg Laws- took German citizenship away from Jews, said that if a person had 3-4 grandparents as a Jew you were Jewish, and if 1-2 grandparens were Jewish you were mixed race, eventually anyone with one grandparent was said to be a treat, Jews could only marry Jews, no sexual relations with non-Jewish Germans and Jews Kristallnacht- 1938- "Night of Broken Glass"- Nazis broke down busninesses and homes, burning synagogues(101) and looting. 91 people died, 26, 000 Jews were arrested and sent to concentration camp. more in 1938- all Jewish children are expelled form public schools in Germany and Austria, Nazis take controll of businesses. 1939- Hitler ordered to murder mentally and physically disabled in Germany and Austria, and Jews had to wear David Star. 1940- Jews deported to Poland and forced into ghettos, Nazis begin the first mass murder of Jews in Poland. 1941-killed 2/3's of Jews 1942- Nazi officials annouce "Final Solution"- plan to kill all Jews. Death camps in Poland, Jews in Ghettos moved to death camps, Alli Powers started realizing what was happening to Jews. 1943- Jews in Warsaw Ghetto resist as the Nazis begin new rounds of deportation, some Jews did fight back, but they died. 1945- Hitler defeated and WWII ends in Europe, Holocaust over and death camps are emptied, survivors are placed in displaced persons camps until they find a coundtry who accepted them.
V. Munich Conference-Policy of Appeasement- Hitler wanted the Sudentenland of Czechoslovakia as part of Germany. four people: Neville Chamberlain (Great Britain), Adolf Hitler (Germany), Benito Mussolini (Italy), and Edouard Daladier (France) Winston Churchill didnt really like the Munich conference because he didnt want to go to war. Hitler promised that he was done taking over land and then they agreed he could take over it- Policy of Appeasment.
VI. US Role in the 1920's/1930's
-Washington Naval Conference-U.S. France, Great Britain, Italy, Japan- wouldn't interfere with the other countries colonies, decrease military, and the countries would have free trade in China.
-Kellog-Briand Pact- outlawed war after WWI but didn't last long- most countries signed it, major countries (60).
-Neutrality Acts throughout the 1930's- said wouldn't sell or buy guns with other countries.
-Quarantine Speech- FDR speech that said that they needed to keep the expanding countries like Germany, Japan, Britain, Soviet Union; needed from keeping them from expanding their countries.
-Bases for Destroyers- Great Britain gave us 99 year leases on bases. ex. Antigua-Naval Air Station. British Guaiana, Jamaica, St. Lucia, Bermuda-Naval Air Station, Newfoundland-three army air force stationsm Trinidad-naval operating base. we got this for giving them destroyer ships. moving out of neutrality. Neutrality Act of 1937- "Cash and Carry System"- countries could buy weapons from us and we would give it to them. Atlantic Charter- shows the were not really neutral anymore. Churchill and FDR set goals for the war, no territorial gain from winners, no territorial changes w/o the peoples support from those countries, self-determination, free trade, and freedom of the seas, destruction of Nazis and then setting up a peaceul gov't in Germany, abandon the use of force, disarmament and a stronger League or Nations.
-Lend-Lease Act- 1941. we would lend/lease supplies(ships, tanks, weapons) to countries in war and then they would have to give it back to us at the end of the war. replaced "cash and carry system"
VII. Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact A pact between Stalin and Hitler. They agreed not to fight with each other in WWII. They traded with each other. The Soviet Union had resources and would send stuff to the Soviet Union and Germany sent things like weapons and artilliary to them. They made it a secret that they were both going to invade Finland and Poland and gain that land back.
VIII. Outbreak of War--Blitzkrieg!!- airplane attacks with bomb, take out transportation, communtication, etc. then take out their planes. then tanks and troops march in, and men in trucks go in the land and drop their soldiers off and baically trap in the other people's soldiers. quick proccess. goal: win as quickly as possible.
-Japan and China- Japanese invasion at Mancoria- Japan invade them and it showed that the League of Nations didn't do anything to stop them and showed that Japan was very aggresive. Times were tough because of the depression they couldnt trade with us anymore so they invaded manchurie.
-Germany and France- France surrended after a month, Germany went around the Maginot Line in France. France and British get pushed to Dunkirk and Hitler told his troops to wait for the tanks, and the French and British troops mostly retreat into Great Britain- Miracle of Dunkirk. When France surrendered, this was a big day in Hilter's life because he got revenge from WWI and was in Paris and could claim it as his own. Free French Underground lead by Charles de Gaulle led a movement to free France from German control.
-Germany and Great Britain- take out transportation, communication, military, airplanes. Churchill said they should never surrender. German wanted to destroy Royal Airforce(never), destory British NAvy, attack British troop. bomb was so bad against RAF that they started bombing at night. Great Britain aided by radar (determine if planes were coming) and Ultra(intercepting and deciefering German code). major cities were bomb, and when German bombed at nights, a lot of history/builing/cities were destroyed.
-Germany and the Soviet Union- Final Plan for Operation Barbarossa-go to the three major citiesMascow, Linigrad, and Stalingard, winter helped soviet union. Never got to Mascow or never completely took over all the cities. Hitler's biggest mistake. Scorched Earth Policy- Stalin's plan for when his troops retreated to burn everything in their path.
IX. Pearl Harbor- Japan invaded French Indochina and we quit supplying fuel for them. They promised to withdrawal from French Indochina if we would trade with them, but we said no that they sad to withdrawal from French Indochina and China and then we would trade with them but Japan didn't want to do that, so Japan attacked us. Admiral Yamamoto from Japan behind the plan of Pearl Habor-said it wasn't a good idea to attack U.S, but to attack Pearl Habor was their only way to win the war and they thought it would make us trade with them. Dec. 7, 1941. did 2 waves of attacks and cancelled the 3rd wave because they thought they did enough damage, but they didn't do as much damage as they thought. Dec. 8, 1941 we declares war on Japan.
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