Today we continued the powerpoint, hopefully the test will be sometime next week.
I. Treaty of Versailles : it was designed to take over their land and cut down Germanys military. They were not allowed to have an airforce. France wanted Rhineland to become more independent..
-know what it specifically did and how it helped lead to WWII
II. League of Nations
-define and explain it's weaknesses: To keep world peace. A worldwide group where countries can come together to avoid war. Or go to the league of nations to work things out. Weaknesses- The US never joined the league of Nations. Congress felt that we would be pulled into wars all the time. We were probably the most powerful nation after WWII.
-Why didn't the US join
III. Know the basics about the following countries:
-How did WWI/Treaty of Versailles impact this country: It really hurt their country because it left their economy in ruins.
-How did this country change in the 1920's/1930's(includes leader coming to power and their goals).
-What was/were this countries military strategies in the 1920's and 1930's.
-How was this country involved on WWII(what alliance did they belong to, how were they involved within the war)
--The war guilt clause made Germany pay for all the war damages and was responsible for the war . 33 billion dollars they had to pay. Hitler wanted revenge on France because they made Germany look like a fool.
We started Blogs dicussions..
Canada: The treaty of Versailles didnt really impact Canada. Back then they were trying to become an independent country so they didnt have a gov. really. William King was their leader. He gave Canada their own voice rather than have Great Britian control everything. Some of his goal were he put welfare into play and helped the unemployed. They supported other countries they were allies. WWII impacted them because it was agricultural country and it helped them move toward more independance. They wanted to seperate themselves from great britain. They played a supported role in sending troops into war. They discriminated against the Japenese americans.
Australia: They only had one attack on their country. They joined the war after after Germany invaded Poland. After great britain got involved their colonies were in trouble. They had a prime minister for their leader. The king of great britian controlled everything. Australians fought all over the world. Japan really threatened australia. They were important to us because we could put bases out there. They suffered from the Great depression. They lost 27,000 men from the war.
Great Britain:
The treaty of Versailles mostly impacted Europe not really Great Britain. In Europe it changed the political views way more than it changed that of Great Britain. Great Britain was a constitutional monarchy. Winston felt that Great Britian needed to change thats kind of how he came to power. Winston didnt like Hitlers ways so he went against him. He wanted to rebuild their government. Their military stragety was naval base blockade. The impact WWII had on Great Britian was they lost their power like it took away their colonies around the world. They werent powerful anymore. The US took its place.
Germany:
The Treaty of Versailles impacted Germany greatly. Germany had been blamed mostly for the cause of World War I, and because of this they were forced to pay war damages to their allies. This caused Germany to go into severe debt, since they were having to pay for all these war damages. Germany's economy was destroyed. Germany's government was known as the Weimar Republic. It was put into play after President Hindenburg was elected. It was designed to establish more of a Democratic government. Hitler made it very clear that the Nazi political party was the only political party that was going to be allowed in Germany. If anyone had an opinion they got killed. The treaty of Versailles restricted Germanys army to 100,000 men so then Hitler buiit it up again. They had an ofensive army. German cities were destroyed and the Nazis were chased out of power.
Italy:
Treaty of Versailles didnt really impact Italy. Benito Mussolini came to power as their leader. Italy came out of the Treatty of Versailles unhappy they got a little bit of land from Austria Hungary. They thought they should get more land. Benito came to power because they thought he could stand up to the communits. He tried to make them more independent. Germany had to bail them out a lot. Benito did his best to help the economy like provididng jobs for people. Made things in Italy more efficient. Benito was an asthesist (didnt believe in God) The catholic church hated Benito. The catholic church said they would support him if they could teach about God in schools. He wanted everyone to do things that would benifit Italys country. He struggled to take over smaller countries. The Italians captured Benito and hung him. Then they drug him around. Italy was torn apart so it had to be rebuilt by the US.
Soviet Union:
The treaty didnt really impact Russia. They lost some land, but not much. The soviet union had a communist government. The Romonaughs at controlled Russia for years. Vladimir Lenin was their leader and Stalin eventually took over for him. Lenin left Russia in shambles. Stalin wanted a powerhouse for a government. In turn that made people starve and go into famine. The soviet union was very agricultural he established these 5 yr plans to make Russia even stronger than it already was. Collectivization is the taking away farms. It made them a member of the Russian Government,farmers hated it. Nationalization was when the soviert government took away all buisnesses you no longer could own your own buisness. Because of these things the economy got better. Many people died. HIs goals were to secure the borders make sure he had no enemies on the borders. Military stragety was they didnt have one really, just to not die. Scorchearthed was to burn and destroy everything in their path. They didnt retreat otherwise they'd be killed. Stalin gave orders to shoot whoever retreated. What role did they play during WWII: They agreed to invade Poland with Germany then Germany invaded them so they joined the Allis powers. Impact was they lost millions of poeple to the war. Stalin remained in power. Soviet Union came out of WWII really well compared to other countries. One of the more powerful countries.
Japan:
The treaty of Versailles gave them land. Gave them land from China. Their government was a constitutinal monarachy. Hirohito was their leader/emperer. And Tojo was their military leader. Tojo had more power. In the 1920s Japan joined the league of nations. To create peace. They joined washington naval conference which restricted them from conquering other countries. That way they wouldnt try and take their colonies away. Wanted to limit their naval size, uphold trade with china. US, Great Britain, China, and France. Japan outlawed war. Herohito came to power after his grandfather died. It was an emporer bloodline. Tojo led the Pearl Harbor attack. Herohito really wanted to expand, but he didnt want the US and Great Britain to interfer with their expanding plans. Thats why Pearl harbor happened. Goals: wanted to expand into Asia for more natural resources. There role in WWII was they bombed Pearl Harbor. It was an easy target to bomb our naval base. They wanted to attack us at Pearl Harbor to keep us out of the war. They wanted us to trade with them. (oil)
France:
Treaty of Versailles gave them land from germany on the border and the alsace-lorrane. Germany colonies in africa. They thought that the treaty should have been tougher on germany. Germany paid for their war demages. They were the allied powers. constitutional monarchy was Frances government. Charles de Gaulle was the leader of the free french underground. France was attacked and taken over by Germany.The Vichy Government led by Marshal Henri Petain. Hitler allowed the French to control part of france. Vichy government was allied with the nazis. They helped round up french jews. They built Maginot Line before WWII. France military strategy was defensive. It was along the border of France and Germany. Places to eat and sleep under the wall. Germany attacked France through Belgium. Goals were to keep germany out of the country and it didnt happen. Great Britian and France declare war on Germany but then they didnt do anything. Declared in September and the fighting didnt started until April. They didnt put up a fight during WWII. France lost a lot of power. They had alot of deaths. They lost their world power statis.
China:
China wasnt in favor of the treaty... China wasn't impacted by the treaty. Chiang Kai Shek and Mao Zedong(tse-tung). Moa was the communist and Sheck was the nationalist they had a civial war between these 2 parties. They came together during the war when Japan got involved. The Communist won. China was part of the Allied power. WWII impacted china by changing the government, they lost a lot of reasources, high loss of life, cities destroyed, The rape of Nanking was where the woman were raped by Japanese soldiers. China was weak. China was to big for Japan to take over.
US:
The treaty of Versailles did not impact of because we never signed it. FDR was our president at the time. He helped us out in the Great depression. By establishing the new deal programs. We used isolationalism so we didnt get involved with what was going on in the war. Japan dropped the A bomb on us at Pearl harbor so we joined the war. The war improved our economy greatly we were really powerful coming out of the war. We went right into the cold war with the soviet union. we wanted to stop communism and promote democrasim.
More Notes:
The league of nations was created. This did happen even if Germany was intially excluded from it. All oversea colonies were handed over to the League of Nations. All land from Russia from given back to Russia. Germanys army was restricted to 100,000 men. Germanys navy was reduced to 6 battleships. Germany was forbidden to reunite with Austria. Germany had to accept the war guilt clause. Germany did what they could to pay for the war damages. When Hitler came to power he said Germany wasnt going to pay anymore. Germany hated the treaty of versailles. They felt the government stabbed them in the back in order to pass the treaty of versailles. HItler promised better times, a stronger miltary, he blamed the Weimar Republic and the Jews for the Treaty of Versailles. Weimar Republic was Germanys government it was a democracy. It failed because Hitler blamed it for the economy failing and for all their struggles. League of Nations was a world wide peace keeping organization. We didnt go into because we thought it would pull us into the war. It was our problem. The league of nations didnt have military force so it couldnt enforce anything. it made it weaker because we werent in it. Fascism it was a ditatorship. It stresses strong nationalism. Very strong military. It stated that nothing should be more important to you than your own country. Extreme pride in your country. Hitler was beaten by his father as a child its a wonder why he turned out the way he did. Hitler always had trouble finding his place. In WWI he finally found his true calling and joined the war. He then joined up with the Nazi party because of his great speaking skills. Mein Kampf was his book he wrote while he was in prison. It meant his goals. He felt that all Jews were communist. He thought that God wanted us to hate the Jews. He felt the Devil and the Jews wanted the same thing. He wanted to undo the treaty of Versailles, make Germany strong again. He wanted to get back the land that was lost and rebuild Germanys military. Lebensraum meant he wanted to expand living space in Russia.
--Joseph Gubbels was Hitlers second hand man. He tried to get everyone in Germany to follow Hitler. 6 million Jews were killed during the Holocaust. Genocide is a systematically mass killing. Hilter believed that Jews were the devil. He wanted to eliminate them. He hated Gypsies, mentally ill, slavic people, Polish People, Homosexuals, communists/socialists, black people, and mixed races.. An Aryan Race is: master race. Perfect Aryan was blonde, blue eyed, tall and muscular for a guy. Beautiful women. Hitler took away everyones rights. The nazis set up the 1st concentration camp in 1933. The 1st inmates were 200 communists. Jews were not allowed to go to school anymore and they werent able to have good paying jobs. Nuremburg Laws: took away German citizenship from the Jews. They were made second class Jews. It established membership in the Jewish Race. If you had more than 3 or 4 Jewish grandparents you were considered jewish. If you had 2 or more grandparents that were jewish you were considered mixed race. Jews could only marry Jews. No sexual relations with non jewish people and jews. 1936 Nazis boycotted Jewish owned buisnesses. 1938 Kristallnacht "night of broken glass" Nazis when and vadelized Jewish buisnesses and homes then burned them down. 26,000 jews were arrested and sent to concentration camps. Jews were beaten and attacked. 1938 all Jewish children were expelled from their schools. Nazis took over any Jewish buisnesses that were still around. Hitler started killing mentally and physically handicapped people before he started killing Jews. Jews were required to wear the yellow star of David. 1940 began deporting Jews to Poland and forced them into Ghettos. In Poland the mass murder began of the jews.
--In 1940 the Nazis started transporting Jews to Poland thats were a lot of the concentration camps were located. The 1st death camp was called Chelmno in Poland. The nazis announced the Final solution it was the their plan to kill or get rid of all jews from Europe. The Jews werent really fighting back because they thought if they didnt they'd be left alone. They soon understood that if they didnt fight back they'd be killed.
--Joseph Stalin killed many people during WWII. He was well known just not as well known at Hitler was. Stalin went after people that he couldnt trust. Kellogg Briand Pact outlawed war. The major countries signed it. It made the world safe. Ethiopia was located in eastern africa. It was one of the worse colonial disasters of modern history. It was a huge embaressment to the Italians. Quartine Speech was FDR's speech. He wanted to keep them away from us like Germany..
Panay Incident:
This boat was attacked by the Japanese they killed 2 americans.. they apologized we accepted. Sudetenland Munich Conferance: Hitler wanted this land..land of the Czechs. He wanted to take that over because they were German speaking people. Munich Conferance attendents...
Neville Chamberlin: Great Britian
Adolf HItler: Germany
Benito: Italy
Edouard Daladier: France
They gave Hitler the land if he promised to keep things in peace. They wanted to avoid going to war so they gave into his commands.
What made the 1920s peaceful? The league of nations, kellog brand pact, and the Washington naval conference.
Know death totals: Jews 6 million
Almost up to 17 million total
Know the different people he didnt like: Jews, Gypsies, mentally challenged, homosexuals, communists ect.
Know Japanese Invasion of Manchurie: Times were tough because of the depression they couldnt trade with us anymore so they invaded manchurie.
-Hitler took over Austria in 1938 he really wanted to take over Czechoslovia. He wanted to reunite all German speaking people in Germany.
-Winston Churchill didnt really like the Munich conference because he didnt want to go to war.
Soviet Union Non agression Pact: A pact between Stalin and Hitler. They agreed not to fight with each other in WWII. They traded with each other. The Soviet Union had resources and would send stuff to the Soviet Union and Germany sent things like weapons and artilliary to them. They made it a secret that they were both going to invade Finland and Poland and gain that land back.
German Invades of Poland: The polish people were done in a week or so. They had no defences they basically gave up..
Blitzkreig Attack:
The airforce attacks the enemy, then we go in with tanks and destroy the cities, Infantry attacks next they end up going deeper into the enemies territory, the main force links up with other units encircling and cutting off the enemy. Your goal is to defeat the enemy as quickly as possible..overwhelm the enemy.
-September 1st 1939 Hitler invades Poland.
In 1939 Japan joined the axis powers. Axis Powers: are German, Italy, and Japan
Other Powers: Albania, Bulgaria Finland, Romania, Thailand, and Hungary..
Allied Powers: Great Britain, Soviet union, US, China, and France, Cananda and Australia.
Nazi Goals:
That Nazi hoped that Germany could invade Great Britian by Sept. 15th.
Wanted to attack and destroy the British Navy
Attack their troops
Never happened..
We gave Great Britian old destroyers..
Neutrality Act:
We told other countries to pay us up front for supplies that they needed for the war. We werent going to give them and loans,. Once they paid us we would allow them to take the supplies they needed back on their ships, to there countries.
FDR signs the Lend Lease Act:
We would lend or lease supplies for the war. Like ships, tanks or weapons. All they had to do was to give us back our supplies after the war, then everything would be okay...
Operation Barbarossa:
It was Hitlers code name for invading the Soviet Union. There were 3 cities that Hitler wanted to take over.. Lenin Graud, Moscow (capital of SU), and Stalingraud. He believed that if he captured those 3 cities the Soviet Union would surrender. He never got to Moscow he was 40 or 50 miles away. They never got Leningraud to surrender. Massive casualties were killed. Hitler hated communists so thats why he wanted to take over the Soviet Union just to get rid of them. The winter of 1941 and 1942 really hit the Germans hard they werent used to the weather, the supplies were getting harder and harder to get because of the snow. It really changed the outcome of the war. Russia wasnt effected because they were used to the cold winters.
Scorched Earch Policy: They destroyed everything that would could pontentially help the Germans out..
Japan invades French Indochina 1941: Japan really depended on us for oil. We fueled their machines. We wanted Japan to bomb us so we could go to war. No one would take FDR's side if they didnt attack us.
Admiral Yamamoto: He was the mastermind of the attack on Pearl Harbor. He warned the Japanese that they probably shouldnt do this because we were so powerful. He thought that Pearl Harbor was the best way to attack us. The attack was Dec. 7th 1941. They didnt manage to destroy our aircraft areas. They came in 2 waves. They canceled that 3rd wave because they thought they were so successful. That wasnt a very good discission. This is a day that will live on in Infamy. We declared war 3 days later.
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