Today, we again reviewed some more on WWII...
. Treaty of Versailles
-know what it was and what it specifically did and how it helped lead to WWII
II. League of Nations
-define and explain it's weaknesses
-Why didn't the US join?
III. How the world try to keep peace in the 1920's-Washington Naval Conference(4,5, 9 Power Treaties), League of Nations, Kellog- Briand Pact).
IV. Know the basics about the following countries:
-How did WWI/Treaty of Versailles impact this country
-How did this country change in the 1920's/1930's(includes leader coming to power and their goals).
-What was/were this countries military strategies in the 1920's and 1930's.
-How was this country involved in WWII(what alliance did they belong to, how were they involved within the war)
-Know the type of gov't the major countries had(especially the Weimer Republic)
-Know the leaders of the major countries and what alliance they belong to.
Germany
Italy
Soviet Union
Japan
Great Britain
France
China
US
Canada
Australia
V. Hitler's goals and his treatment of the Jews
VI . Munich Conference-Policy of Appeasement
VII. US Role in the 1920's/1930's
-Washington Naval Conference
-Kellog-Briand Pact
-Neutrality Acts throughout the 1930's
-Quarantine Speech
-Bases for Destroyers
-Lend-Lease Act
VIII. Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact
IX. Outbreak of War--Blitzkrieg!!
-Japan and China
-Germany and Poland
-Germany and France
-Germany and Great Britain
-Germany and the Soviet Union
X. Pearl Harbor
Hitler-Axis power
Wincent Churchill (Great Britain)-Allie power
Bonito..(Italy)-Axis power
FDR-Allie power
Hiro Hito and Hadeke Tojo (Japan)-Axis power
Joseph Stallen (Soviet Union)-Allie power--basically the only reason that we liked the Soviet Union was because they didn't like Germany either
*WWII had started from the Treaty of Versailles: (was the cause of everything to come leading up to WWII) it was the official treaty that ended WWI...Woodrow Wilson was the U.S. president at the time..Germany and the Soviet Union wanted to get land back when it was divided up helping the cause of WWII...Hitler thought that anyone who spoke the German language should live in Germany...
Treaty of Versailes: Germany lost--Alsace-Lorraine (given to France); Eupen and Malmedy (given to Belgium); Northern Schleswig (given to Denmark); Hultschin (given to Czechoslovakia); West Prussia, Posen, and Upper Silesia (given to Poland); The Saar, Danzig and Memel were put under the control of the League of Nations and the people of these regions would be allowed to vote to stay in German or not in a future referendum...
*Military Consequences: Germany's army was reduced to 100,000 men; the army was not allowed tanks
-Germany was not allowed and airforce
-Germany was allowed only 6 capital naval ships and no submarines
-The west of the Rhineland and 50 kms east of the River Rhine was made into a demilitarized zone (DMZ). No German soldier or weapon was allowed into this zone. The Allies were to keep an army of occupation on the west bank of the Rhine for 15 years....
Financial Consequences of the Treaty of Versailles
-Germany had to pay $33 billion--Allies wanted to bankrupt them
-Germany was forbidden to unite with Austria to form one superstate
-The loss of vital industrial territory would be a severe blow to Germany's economy. Coal grom the Saar and Upper Silesia in particular was a vital economic loss---depression--(territorial loss)
General:
-Germany had to admit full responsibility for starting the war. This was Clause 231-the infamous "War Guilt Clause"
-Germany, as it was responsible for strating the war as stated in clause 231, was therefor responsible for all the war damage caused by WWI. Therefore, they had to pay reparations, the bulk of which would go to France and Belgium to opay for the damage done to both countries by the war. The figure was eventually put at $33 billion.
-A League of Nations was set up to keep world peace.
League of Nations:
-a world wide peace keeping organization--goal was to keep world peace
-weaknesses: The United States never joined it--Woodrow Wilson wanted to get in the League of Nations but Congress thought we would end up being in war with other countries like Europe--Congress refused to ratify that; required a unanimous vote to get things passed
-The League of Nations had no military force to help struggling forces in a war --they really couldn't do anything--they could condemn the actions and they would do economic sanctions (don't trade with other countries)--Italy, Germany, and France were part of the League of Nations---this made the League of Nations became very weak and was a failure.
Blog Discussions: GERMANY
-Type of Government: Germany had a parliamentary republic government during the interwar years--Germany had Wimer Republic government which was a democracy in Germany; --they were struggling..President (Chancler) Hindenburg appointed Hitler as the leader of Germany--Hitler gets rid of the democracy immediately to make himself "dafewer" (leader)..
-How did Hitler change the country when they went into WWII: Germany was facing depression and Hitler promised the country that he would give people jobs..
-Goals: Germany took over Austria and Czecholslavakia before the war started since they had German people in them (undo the Treaty of Versailes; Lebensraum (Living Space) for the Russion people; wanted to create an Arian race
Blitzquerade-rapid attack used on Japan
-After WWII, Germany was split into two countries
-Military Strategies during the interwar years:
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ITALY:
-Goals: Fashism (government that has all power)--expansion:::: make Italy strong
Military-was very important..built up the army to make it strong so that they could dominate land and sea
-Role in WWII: Hitler helped Muscillini --both tried to help Spain...there was a lot of fighting in Italy (very bloody and long)
-How WWII impacted Italy: they hung and killed Muscillini to set up a democratic government
SOVIET UNION:
-Treaty of Versailes impact on Russia: didn't impact them too much; after WWII they annexed the Ukraine and another country...the Soviet Union ended up losing land when they signed the Breslafof Treaty giving up land to Russia...
-Government--prior to having communism they had czars like the Romanaughs..
-Joseph Stalin became leader and later became a dictator--was trying to tell farmers how to farm, etc.
--Vladimir Lenin planned to have a utopian society (previous leader)
-Stalin started the processes, "Nationalization-idustry" and "Collectivization-when the Soviet Union took over farms"...during the process of taking over businesses, more people died...
-Bad/Good things that Stalin did: ***he was building tanks and guns for the Cold War so millions of people died because of so much labor... he killed political opponents that he didn't trust and farmers that fought back; invaded Poland which helped in starting WWII; he started the 5 year plan
Military Strategy of Stalin: 'red' army; at first they were offensive and then fought other countries--Stalin was not ready for the "Red" army; as the Soviets fell back, they burned everything (bridges, railroad tracks, fields,) so that Germany was unable to use those things.
-Role in WWII: At first the Soviet Union was allies with Germany...Then, they invaded Poland and the 'red' army invaded it too...that made Germany want to invade the Soviet Union. We were allies so we could take over Hitler
-Impact of WWII: there were high casualties (highest in the war)..their country was absolutely demolished after the war..
JAPAN
Treaty of Versailles impact:
Type of government between 20's and 30's-constitutional empire (emperor was Hiro Hito--approved that Attacking of Pearl Harbor; wanted natural resources; supported the invasion of Northern China to get the natural resources) After they invade Mankuria, they invaded all of China in 1937 to get resources and to dominate Asia.
How Tojo came to power-
How the government changed:
Why Japan attacked Pearl Harbor: Japan wanted us to trade [oil] with them.
-In the 1920s, Japan did everything to make themselves Allies--joined League of Nations, signed Kellogg-Brand act; but then changed to Axis powers.
Impact--devasted with the atomic bombs killing all of those people, cities, buildings...--was being bombed every day by conventional bombs so Japan was basically already demolished.
GREAT BRITAIN
-treaty of versailles impact-split up land in Germany; Great Britain got a few colonies in Africa and they got a billions of dollars from Germany to pay war appurations
-type of government-was a constitutional monarch (king/queen)..utlimately had a democracy--Nevel Chaberlain (not well loved in British history, gave into Hitler to do whatever for the war:: Chamberlain is replaced with Winston Churchill thought they shouldn't have done that-was elected prime minister right before WWII--goals:
*to beat Germany
*keep the land in Britain safe and keep his citizens from harm
*"we shall never surrender"
--Germany was bombing Great Britain every night.
*keep people focused and keep Great Britain together
--was a major alliance of ours (allie power)
--because of WWII, Great Britain's empire fell apart, many of the countries became independent....
FRANCE
-treaty of versailles impact--they got land back from Germany; France was glad that Germany wasn't allowed an airforce or submarines so that they couldn't attack them...They got colonies; they thought the treaty should've been a little harder on Germany; France gave Germany the money to pay war appuartion
-government--democracy
-leader throughout WWII-Charles De Gaulle(head of the Free French Underground) and Paul Renod(appointed Gual as minister of war
-when Hitler allowed southern part of France to be self-governed. it was led by Marshal Henri Petain with a Viche government (german nazis controlled the northern part of France)
-goals of leaders
*promote industrial growth--introduce french currency to control inflation
*didn't want Germany to get their power back again--keep them weak
-role of France-were at war with Germany, they lost it; two governments, Viche government (pro nazi) (axis power); --were taken over (part of the Allie power)
-France took a defensive military strategy
-never fully recovered after WWII--most war in France took place after D-day; never a super world power again; tried to maintain their superpower but didn't happen
-two governments: Viche government and the French Underground
CHINA
CANADA
*how the treaty of Versailles impacted Canada--they got a very small portion of money (they were a British colony, as was Austrailia), they move towards independence from being a british colony
*type of government-were trying to split from Britain to be their own country...as time went on the government got stronger (monarchy government)
*Leader during WWII-William McKenzie King --came to power by being elected (by democracy)
*how king helped the country by being in power-he was serving as the prime minister of Canada; gave Canada its own voice by letting them make their own decisions (moved towards having independence from Great Britain); tried to lower tarriffs, helped the people during the great depression
*Helped Britain by: helped defeat the germans in the battle of britain; canadian navy helped escort ships across the atlantic ocean; troops were a big part of D-day and with France (navy, airforce)..helped fight the germans and the italians, made a lot of food for troops...
Alliance: allie powers
how WWII impacted Canada: after the war, Canada became more modernized; the war helped Canada lean towards independence.
AUSTRAILIA:
*how the treaty of Versailles impacted Canada--didn't sign it
*WWII impact-bigger military; moved towards independence; took a toll on them because of two previous wars
*type of government: had a shakey government; had various prime ministers
*Good/bad things in Austrailia--were against Germany and Italy; then, they went against Japan
*Goals of Austrailia during/prior to WWII:
-wanted to take defensive measures with the military
*role in WWII:
-helped the U.S. (because of their location--they had land right where we were fighting so it was used as a sort of base.
-tried to move towards independence
Alliance: allied power
UNITED STATES:
*how the T.V impacted them- the U.S. senate rejected the treaty because the league of nations thought it would pull us into war
*type of government-in 1930's it was democratic (FDR) (20's was republican)---democracy FDR was elected as president (elected 4 times)
*what FDR did to change the country (bad/worse)--the New Deal programs (strengthen banks, stock market, farmers, etc.)
*goals of FDR:
-to get america out of the depression (the three r's)
-demolish germany
-defeat japan
*role in WWII: we reacted to japan when the bombed the u.s.--part of the allie powers (supplied man power and weapons, goods, foods) --major power during the war; d-day
*How WWII impacted us: ended the great depression, stronger military, baby boom, population took off, new echnology was being made, lost about 300,000, spent $200 billion dollars
Germany had to be reduced to 100,000 men in the army so they felt like they couldn't really protect themselves--they set up a reserve system for men to be ready if they had to go to war.
German reaction to T.V.-they hated it..the Weimar Republic were the ones that accepted the treaty of versailles causing all of the problems in Germany (unemployment, Germany was the "laughing stock" of the world).
Weimar Republic: Germany's government after WWII (democracy)--Hitler was "appointed"--failed because Hitler was going on about how terrible it was (the tough economic times for Germany); Germany had never had a democracy before..in tough times Germans, people put their hopes in Hitler..
League of Nations: world peace keeping organization..failed because the U.S. never joined and it couldn't enforce anything..didn't have a military force--they didn't want to go to war so they a lot of times would give into Hitler to keep him "quiet"...all that was doing was prolonging a war break out..
Benito Mussolini (Italy)--grew up as an atheist; was very poor when young, hated rich people; hated the Catholic church; fascism-strong dictator government; strong nationalism; extremely proud of your country; having a very stong miltary; imperialism (take over North Africa and Mediterranean)--Nazism is a sort of fascism
Adolf Hitler
-was beaten as a child
-struggled in school--got into trouble a lot; bully
-born in 1889
-didn't make it into the Vienna Art school
-in WWII, he felt like he belonged...
-by 1923, hitler decideds to overthrow the Weimer Republic but it fails. (treason--only has to serve nine months in prison)
-While in prison, he writes a book "Mein Kampf" ("My Struggle")
GOALS in Mein Kampf: discriminate against the Jews; undo the Treaty of Versailles (rebuild the German military, make the country strong, get land back); Lebensraum "Living Space" in Russia--believed that it was good agricluture land.
Propaganda-persuasive advertisement--get people to believe and do certain things.
-Hitler didn't have to deal with social networks..
Hitler used propaganda to brainwash people.--didn't like very well-educated people
-Joseph Gubbels was Hitler's right hand man and was head of the German propaganda...
The Holocaust
-the genocide (killing/raping off of a race--has to be systematic, a way of carrying it out, a reason for doing so) of approximately six million European Jews during WWII
-a program of systematic state-sponsored extermination by nazi germany throughout nazi-occupied territory
-approximately two-thirds of the population of nine million Jews who had resided in Europe before the Holocaust died
-some maintain that the definition of the Holocaust should also include the Nazis' genocide of millions of people in other groups from Germany and other occupied territory.
-by this definition, the total number of Holocaust victims would be between 11 million and 17 million pepole.
Hitler didn't like:
-Jews (6 million dead)
-Dark skinned people (death and forced sterilization)
-Gypsies (steal) (500,000 to 1.5 million)
-Catholics
-mentally/physically handicapped people (75,000 to 250,000)
-Slavic people (people from eastern europe--Yugoslavia, Czeckoslavakia)-----Soviet Slavs/POW's/Troops-(16.5 million): The Russian Academy of Science in 1995 reported civilian victims in the USSR, including Jews, at German hands totaled 13.7 million dead including 7.4 million victims of Nazi genocide, 2.2 million deaths of persons deported to Germany for forced labor; and 4.1 million faminie and disease deaths in occupied territory. German captors killed an estimated 2.8 million Soviet POWs through starvation, exposure, and execution.
-Poles (2.5 million dead) (people living in Poland)
-Homosexuals (5-15 thousand dead)
-Communists/socialists (first people sent to camps) (many but number not confirmed)
-mixed races-"the mulatto children came about through rape or the white mother was a whore," Adolf Hitler.
-Jehovah's Witnesses (catholics) (2500-5000)
Arayan Race (blonde hair, blue eyed, tall, and muscular race--WASP (White anglo sacsin Protestant)--anti immigrant, anti catholic...
Lebensborn-Fount of lIfe--breeding houses
-the program aimed to promote the growth of "superior" Aryan populations by providing excellent health care and living conditions to women and by restricting access to those deemed "fit".
-Houses were set up throughout Germany and many occupied territories
-Many Lebensborn children were born to unwed mothers which helped lead to many rumors of rape.
-Contrary to widespread rumors, women were not forced to have relations with Aryan Germans.
Hitler's Jewish Question: What am I going to do with the Jews?
-Nazis "temporarily" suspend civil liberties for all citizens in 1933-Never restored
-The Nazis set up the first concentration camp at Dachau in 1933. The first inmates are 200 communists
-Jews are prohibited from working as civil servants, doctors in the National Health Service, and teachers in public high schools. All but few Jewish students are banned from public high schools and colleges.
Nuremburg Laws 1935 (Nuremburg is a city in Europe)--basically defined a Jew
-Took away German citizenship from Jews thus making Jews second class citizens by removing their basic civil rights.
-Established membership in the Jewish race as being anyone who either considered themselves Jewish or had three or four Jewish grandparents. People with one or two Jewish grandparents were considered to be a mixed race.
--eventually anyone with at least one Jewish grandparent was at risk in Nazi Germany
-Jews could only marry Jews so as to not dillute the aryean blood.
-No sexual relations between non-Jewish Germans and Jews
1936:
-Nazis boycott Jewish-owned businesses
1938: Kristallnacht "Night of the Broken Glass"
--Nazi youth roamed through Jewish neighborhoods breaking windows of Jewsih busnesses and homes, burning synagogues and looting.--in all, 101 synagogues were destroyed and almost 7500 Jewish businesses were destroyed. 26000 Jews were arrested and sent to concentration camps. --Jews were physically attacked and beaten--91 died in the attack
-All Jewish children are expelled from public schools in Germany and Austria
-Nazis take control of Jewish-owned businesses
1939:
-Hiltler orders the systematic murder of the mentally and physically disabled in Germany and Austria
-Jews are required to war armbands or yellow stars
1940:
-Nazis begin deporting German Jews to Poland
-Jews are forced into ghettos(poor parts of town--jam packed into a small room)
-Nazis begin the first mass murder of Jews in Poland
1941:
-Jews throughout Eastern Europe are forced into Ghettos
-In 2 days, German units shoot 33,771 Ukrainian Jews at BabiYar-the largest single massacre of the Holocaust
-The death camp at Chelmno in Poland begins murdering Jews.
1942:
-Nazi officials announce "Final Solution"-their plan to kill all European Jews
-Five death camps begin operation in Poland: Majdanek, Doibor, Treblinka, Belzec, and Auschwitz-Birkenau
-Ghettos of Eastern Europe are being emptied as thousands of Jews are shipped to death camps.
-The US, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union acknowledge that Germans are exterminating the Jews of Europe
1943:
-Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto resist as the Nazis begin new rounds of deportations. These Jews hold out for nearly a month before the Nazis put down the uprising.
1944:
-Hitler takes over Hungary and begins deporting 12,000 Hungarian Jews each day to Auschwitz where they are murdered
1945:
-the war ends
-Hitler is defeated and World War II endis in Europe
-The Holocaust is over and the death camps were emptied
-Many survivors are placed in displaced persons camps until they find a country willing to accept them.
1947:
-Israel is created
-People went to camps in Israel after WWII
-The United Nations establishes a Jewish homeland in British-controlled Palestine, which becomes the State of Israel in 1948.
*Josef Mengele was the chief physician in Auschwitz--did disgusting experiments on twins (during the Holocaust)
losif Jughashvili/Joseph Stalin
-went to school to become a priest
-5-year plan: increase industrialization of Soviet Union (Collecitivization-government took over farms)
-killed anyone that he didn't trust (wasn't a genocide because it wasn't particular a race)
Kellogg-Briand Pact
-Afghanistan, Finland, Peru, Albania.............over 60 countries tried to outlaw war to avoid disputes (war)
-Japan was one who signed this act--helped Hitler come to power and helped Japanese warlords (military) to take over.
Japanese Invasion of Manchuria
-Japan had been in isolationism, it had futilism, very agricultural based (backwards)--
-Manchuria was the answer to all of Japan's problems--for resources, and to be able to attack China six years later...
Franklin Roosevelt vs. Herbert Hoover
-Good Neighbor Policy: Latin America saw us as a bully, trying to control them, tell them what to do economically or militarily...in the 30's FDR wanted us to become better neighbors--trade with (Mexico) and become better friends so that if there was ever a war, we could be allies.
I. Treaty of Versailles : it was designed to take over their land and cut down Germanys military. They were not allowed to have an airforce. France wanted Rhineland to become more independent..
-know what it specifically did and how it helped lead to WWII
II. League of Nations
-define and explain it's weaknesses: To keep world peace. A worldwide group where countries can come together to avoid war. Or go to the league of nations to work things out. Weaknesses- The US never joined the league of Nations. Congress felt that we would be pulled into wars all the time. We were probably the most powerful nation after WWII.
-Why didn't the US join
III. Know the basics about the following countries:
-How did WWI/Treaty of Versailles impact this country: It really hurt their country because it left their economy in ruins.
-How did this country change in the 1920's/1930's(includes leader coming to power and their goals).
-What was/were this countries military strategies in the 1920's and 1930's.
-How was this country involved on WWII(what alliance did they belong to, how were they involved within the war)
--The war guilt clause made Germany pay for all the war damages and was responsible for the war . 33 billion dollars they had to pay. Hitler wanted revenge on France because they made Germany look like a fool.
We started Blogs dicussions..
Canada: The treaty of Versailles didnt really impact Canada. Back then they were trying to become an independent country so they didnt have a gov. really. William King was their leader. He gave Canada their own voice rather than have Great Britian control everything. Some of his goal were he put welfare into play and helped the unemployed. They supported other countries they were allies. WWII impacted them because it was agricultural country and it helped them move toward more independance. They wanted to seperate themselves from great britain. They played a supported role in sending troops into war. They discriminated against the Japenese americans.
Australia: They only had one attack on their country. They joined the war after after Germany invaded Poland. After great britain got involved their colonies were in trouble. They had a prime minister for their leader. The king of great britian controlled everything. Australians fought all over the world. Japan really threatened australia. They were important to us because we could put bases out there. They suffered from the Great depression. They lost 27,000 men from the war.
Great Britain:
The treaty of Versailles mostly impacted Europe not really Great Britain. In Europe it changed the political views way more than it changed that of Great Britain. Great Britain was a constitutional monarchy. Winston felt that Great Britian needed to change thats kind of how he came to power. Winston didnt like Hitlers ways so he went against him. He wanted to rebuild their government. Their military stragety was naval base blockade. The impact WWII had on Great Britian was they lost their power like it took away their colonies around the world. They werent powerful anymore. The US took its place.
Germany:
The Treaty of Versailles impacted Germany greatly. Germany had been blamed mostly for the cause of World War I, and because of this they were forced to pay war damages to their allies. This caused Germany to go into severe debt, since they were having to pay for all these war damages. Germany's economy was destroyed. Germany's government was known as the Weimar Republic. It was put into play after President Hindenburg was elected. It was designed to establish more of a Democratic government. Hitler made it very clear that the Nazi political party was the only political party that was going to be allowed in Germany. If anyone had an opinion they got killed. The treaty of Versailles restricted Germanys army to 100,000 men so then Hitler buiit it up again. They had an ofensive army. German cities were destroyed and the Nazis were chased out of power.
Italy:
Treaty of Versailles didnt really impact Italy. Benito Mussolini came to power as their leader. Italy came out of the Treatty of Versailles unhappy they got a little bit of land from Austria Hungary. They thought they should get more land. Benito came to power because they thought he could stand up to the communits. He tried to make them more independent. Germany had to bail them out a lot. Benito did his best to help the economy like provididng jobs for people. Made things in Italy more efficient. Benito was an asthesist (didnt believe in God) The catholic church hated Benito. The catholic church said they would support him if they could teach about God in schools. He wanted everyone to do things that would benifit Italys country. He struggled to take over smaller countries. The Italians captured Benito and hung him. Then they drug him around. Italy was torn apart so it had to be rebuilt by the US.
Soviet Union:
The treaty didnt really impact Russia. They lost some land, but not much. The soviet union had a communist government. The Romonaughs at controlled Russia for years. Vladimir Lenin was their leader and Stalin eventually took over for him. Lenin left Russia in shambles. Stalin wanted a powerhouse for a government. In turn that made people starve and go into famine. The soviet union was very agricultural he established these 5 yr plans to make Russia even stronger than it already was. Collectivization is the taking away farms. It made them a member of the Russian Government,farmers hated it. Nationalization was when the soviert government took away all buisnesses you no longer could own your own buisness. Because of these things the economy got better. Many people died. HIs goals were to secure the borders make sure he had no enemies on the borders. Military stragety was they didnt have one really, just to not die. Scorchearthed was to burn and destroy everything in their path. They didnt retreat otherwise they'd be killed. Stalin gave orders to shoot whoever retreated. What role did they play during WWII: They agreed to invade Poland with Germany then Germany invaded them so they joined the Allis powers. Impact was they lost millions of poeple to the war. Stalin remained in power. Soviet Union came out of WWII really well compared to other countries. One of the more powerful countries.
Japan:
The treaty of Versailles gave them land. Gave them land from China. Their government was a constitutinal monarachy. Hirohito was their leader/emperer. And Tojo was their military leader. Tojo had more power. In the 1920s Japan joined the league of nations. To create peace. They joined washington naval conference which restricted them from conquering other countries. That way they wouldnt try and take their colonies away. Wanted to limit their naval size, uphold trade with china. US, Great Britain, China, and France. Japan outlawed war. Herohito came to power after his grandfather died. It was an emporer bloodline. Tojo led the Pearl Harbor attack. Herohito really wanted to expand, but he didnt want the US and Great Britain to interfer with their expanding plans. Thats why Pearl harbor happened. Goals: wanted to expand into Asia for more natural resources. There role in WWII was they bombed Pearl Harbor. It was an easy target to bomb our naval base. They wanted to attack us at Pearl Harbor to keep us out of the war. They wanted us to trade with them. (oil)
France:
Treaty of Versailles gave them land from germany on the border and the alsace-lorrane. Germany colonies in africa. They thought that the treaty should have been tougher on germany. Germany paid for their war demages. They were the allied powers. constitutional monarchy was Frances government. Charles de Gaulle was the leader of the free french underground. France was attacked and taken over by Germany.The Vichy Government led by Marshal Henri Petain. Hitler allowed the French to control part of france. Vichy government was allied with the nazis. They helped round up french jews. They built Maginot Line before WWII. France military strategy was defensive. It was along the border of France and Germany. Places to eat and sleep under the wall. Germany attacked France through Belgium. Goals were to keep germany out of the country and it didnt happen. Great Britian and France declare war on Germany but then they didnt do anything. Declared in September and the fighting didnt started until April. They didnt put up a fight during WWII. France lost a lot of power. They had alot of deaths. They lost their world power statis.
China:
China wasnt in favor of the treaty... China wasn't impacted by the treaty. Chiang Kai Shek and Mao Zedong(tse-tung). Moa was the communist and Sheck was the nationalist they had a civial war between these 2 parties. They came together during the war when Japan got involved. The Communist won. China was part of the Allied power. WWII impacted china by changing the government, they lost a lot of reasources, high loss of life, cities destroyed, The rape of Nanking was where the woman were raped by Japanese soldiers. China was weak. China was to big for Japan to take over.
US:
The treaty of Versailles did not impact of because we never signed it. FDR was our president at the time. He helped us out in the Great depression. By establishing the new deal programs. We used isolationalism so we didnt get involved with what was going on in the war. Japan dropped the A bomb on us at Pearl harbor so we joined the war. The war improved our economy greatly we were really powerful coming out of the war. We went right into the cold war with the soviet union. we wanted to stop communism and promote democrasim.
More Notes:
The league of nations was created. This did happen even if Germany was intially excluded from it. All oversea colonies were handed over to the League of Nations. All land from Russia from given back to Russia. Germanys army was restricted to 100,000 men. Germanys navy was reduced to 6 battleships. Germany was forbidden to reunite with Austria. Germany had to accept the war guilt clause. Germany did what they could to pay for the war damages. When Hitler came to power he said Germany wasnt going to pay anymore. Germany hated the treaty of versailles. They felt the government stabbed them in the back in order to pass the treaty of versailles. HItler promised better times, a stronger miltary, he blamed the Weimar Republic and the Jews for the Treaty of Versailles. Weimar Republic was Germanys government it was a democracy. It failed because Hitler blamed it for the economy failing and for all their struggles. League of Nations was a world wide peace keeping organization. We didnt go into because we thought it would pull us into the war. It was our problem. The league of nations didnt have military force so it couldnt enforce anything. it made it weaker because we werent in it. Fascism it was a ditatorship. It stresses strong nationalism. Very strong military. It stated that nothing should be more important to you than your own country. Extreme pride in your country. Hitler was beaten by his father as a child its a wonder why he turned out the way he did. Hitler always had trouble finding his place. In WWI he finally found his true calling and joined the war. He then joined up with the Nazi party because of his great speaking skills. Mein Kampf was his book he wrote while he was in prison. It meant his goals. He felt that all Jews were communist. He thought that God wanted us to hate the Jews. He felt the Devil and the Jews wanted the same thing. He wanted to undo the treaty of Versailles, make Germany strong again. He wanted to get back the land that was lost and rebuild Germanys military. Lebensraum meant he wanted to expand living space in Russia.
--Joseph Gubbels was Hitlers second hand man. He tried to get everyone in Germany to follow Hitler. 6 million Jews were killed during the Holocaust. Genocide is a systematically mass killing. Hilter believed that Jews were the devil. He wanted to eliminate them. He hated Gypsies, mentally ill, slavic people, Polish People, Homosexuals, communists/socialists, black people, and mixed races.. An Aryan Race is: master race. Perfect Aryan was blonde, blue eyed, tall and muscular for a guy. Beautiful women. Hitler took away everyones rights. The nazis set up the 1st concentration camp in 1933. The 1st inmates were 200 communists. Jews were not allowed to go to school anymore and they werent able to have good paying jobs. Nuremburg Laws: took away German citizenship from the Jews. They were made second class Jews. It established membership in the Jewish Race. If you had more than 3 or 4 Jewish grandparents you were considered jewish. If you had 2 or more grandparents that were jewish you were considered mixed race. Jews could only marry Jews. No sexual relations with non jewish people and jews. 1936 Nazis boycotted Jewish owned buisnesses. 1938 Kristallnacht "night of broken glass" Nazis when and vadelized Jewish buisnesses and homes then burned them down. 26,000 jews were arrested and sent to concentration camps. Jews were beaten and attacked. 1938 all Jewish children were expelled from their schools. Nazis took over any Jewish buisnesses that were still around. Hitler started killing mentally and physically handicapped people before he started killing Jews. Jews were required to wear the yellow star of David. 1940 began deporting Jews to Poland and forced them into Ghettos. In Poland the mass murder began of the jews.
--In 1940 the Nazis started transporting Jews to Poland thats were a lot of the concentration camps were located. The 1st death camp was called Chelmno in Poland. The nazis announced the Final solution it was the their plan to kill or get rid of all jews from Europe. The Jews werent really fighting back because they thought if they didnt they'd be left alone. They soon understood that if they didnt fight back they'd be killed.
--Joseph Stalin killed many people during WWII. He was well known just not as well known at Hitler was. Stalin went after people that he couldnt trust. Kellogg Briand Pact outlawed war. The major countries signed it. It made the world safe. Ethiopia was located in eastern africa. It was one of the worse colonial disasters of modern history. It was a huge embaressment to the Italians. Quartine Speech was FDR's speech. He wanted to keep them away from us like Germany..
Panay Incident:
This boat was attacked by the Japanese they killed 2 americans.. they apologized we accepted. Sudetenland Munich Conferance: Hitler wanted this land..land of the Czechs. He wanted to take that over because they were German speaking people. Munich Conferance attendents...
Neville Chamberlin: Great Britian
Adolf HItler: Germany
Benito: Italy
Edouard Daladier: France
They gave Hitler the land if he promised to keep things in peace. They wanted to avoid going to war so they gave into his commands.
What made the 1920s peaceful? The league of nations, kellog brand pact, and the Washington naval conference.
Know death totals: Jews 6 million
Almost up to 17 million total
Know the different people he didnt like: Jews, Gypsies, mentally challenged, homosexuals, communists ect.
Know Japanese Invasion of Manchurie: Times were tough because of the depression they couldnt trade with us anymore so they invaded manchurie.
-Hitler took over Austria in 1938 he really wanted to take over Czechoslovia. He wanted to reunite all German speaking people in Germany.
-Winston Churchill didnt really like the Munich conference because he didnt want to go to war.
Soviet Union Non agression Pact: A pact between Stalin and Hitler. They agreed not to fight with each other in WWII. They traded with each other. The Soviet Union had resources and would send stuff to the Soviet Union and Germany sent things like weapons and artilliary to them. They made it a secret that they were both going to invade Finland and Poland and gain that land back.
Quarantine Speech: one of the first speeches that FDR gave that didn't show a whole lot of neutrality
Panay Incident: American boat attacked by Japanese killing 2 americans--started a "souring" relationship with Japan, pushed us farther and farther away...
Hitler wanted the Sudnetenland from Czechoslavkia--he wanted to get the Sudentenland Germans out of Czechoslavkia...so, they had the Sudentenland Munich Conference so that Hitler could take over Czechoslvakia:::::::
those present at the Munich Conference
-Neville Chamberlain-Great Britain
-Adolf Hitler-Germany
-Benito Mussolini-Italy
-Edouard Daladier-France
*the deal was that Hitler had promised not to take anymore land in order to get Sudentenland
the Policy of appeasement: "we're going to give Hitler what he wants and he'll go away and not bother us anymore"
--has been greatly criticized ever since
Winston Churchill: said that we should stand up to Hilter...
Soviet-German Non-agression Pact
-Russia gave raw materials to Germany in exchange for money (they became trading partners) for money and weapons
-Both agreed to stay neutral if the other entered the war
-Secretly agreed to invade and split Poland. Germany would get the western half and USSR the eastern half.
-Russia would get Finland, Estonia and Latvia and Germany would get Lithuania.
---paved the way for the invasion of Poland
Invasion of Poland September 1, 1939
-Poland was big with cavalries (horses)
-September 3, 1939-Poland declares war on Germany
Blitzkrieg-Lightning War
-Airforce attacks enemy front-line and rear positions, main roads, airfields and communication centers. At the same time, infantry attacks on the entire frontline and engages enemy
-Mechanized groups go deeper into the enemy territory outflanking the enemy positions and preventing withdrawing troops and defenders from establishing effective defensive positions.
-Main force links up with other units encircling and cutting off the enemy.
-Goal was to achieve victory as quickly as possible.
Sitzkrieg-The Phony War
-War is declared but nothing has happened
-during the winter years of the war, nothing happened
Tripartite Pact is signed by Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan)
Axis Powers:
-Main powers: Germany, Italy, Japan
-Other Powers: Albania, Bulgaria, Finland (was attacked by Soviet Union so they were trying to fight them off), Romania, Thailand, Hungary
Allied Powers:
Main Powers: Great Britain, Soviet Union, United States, China, France, Canada, and Australia
Other Powers: Argentina, Bolivia, Mexico, Paraguay, Brazil, Chile, Colombia...
German Invasion of Denmark and Norway (Hitler starts his Sitzkrig attacks)
-the British navy really beat down the german navy--wasn't a big deal at the time because Hitler was winning other battles: they were never able to get hold of the Red Sea
-June 1940, Hitler plans his battle for france--wanted to take Paris
-By May, the germans were pushing the British Troops back towards the city of Dunkirk--Hitler orders his troop not to attack the city until the "Panser" get caught up...by doing this, it allowed British and French forces to evacuate..he did this to sign a deal with Great Britain but it didn't help/happen
German advances until the Armistice-Battle of France June 4-22 1940
-France was wiped out and surrendered (was taken over)
Vichy Government
-controlled the southern part of France
-led by Marshal Henri Petain
-Allies with Hitler
Free French Underground
-goal was to free France from German control
-led by Charles de Gaulle
Hitler respected Great Britain, he thought that they had the Aryan race, but they refused to make deals with him, so he attacked them...
Battle of Britain
Nazi Goals:
-Destroy the Royal Air Force (before invasion was possible-hopefully by 9-15)
-Attack and destroy the British Navy
-Attack British troops
**Germany never succeeded in achieving #1
**German bombers did so poorly against the RAF that they started bombing at night only
**Great Britain was aided heavily by the radar and Ultra. (spying technology)
-the invasion never happened, it was planned but never happened
WHAT DID THE UNITED STATES IN THE LATE 1930'S THAT PUSHED US CLOSER TO WAR?
-Neutrality Act of 1937-"Cash and Carry System"-countries had to pay up front and carry them out on their own ships for weapons etc.
-Bases for Destroyers: we gave Great Britain old destroyers (war ships)--we Great Britain old war ships and we got some more military bases
-FDR signes the Lend-Lease Act--replaced the "Cash and Carry System"--lend countries weapons, ships, etc. and they would have to give it back... (1941)---definitely shifted us away from neutrality.
Atlantic Charter-FDR/Churchill
-Spring 1941
-No territorial gain
-No territorial changes without the peoples support from those countries--no border changes
-Self-determination
-Free trade
-Destruction of the Nazis and then setting up a peaceful government in Germany--we will not make a deal with Nazis until the Nazis are destroyed so that we could make peace
-Freedom of the seas--people should be able go across the oceans without being destroyed by U-boats.
-Abandon the use of force, disarment and a stronger League of Nations
German Invasion of USSR
-Final plan for Operation Barbarossa--Stalingrand, Moscow, Lebensraum
-called for a three pronged attack
-never got to Moscow for the attack
-Hitler wanted to win the war fast for trading purposes
-Battle of Moscow--September 30-December 6, 1941... it was the winter that allowed the soviets to be able to push the Germans back to help them win the war.--it became harder for the Germans to really fight back because they were cold and starving with few supplies.
Scorched Earth Policy
-Stalin demanded this of the Soviet troops as they retreated--they burned crops, destroyed bridges, factories, etc. so that Germans couldn't use them...it became very difficult for Hitler to supply those resources...
Japan Invades French Indochina 1941
-starts in the summer of 1941-they invade Indo china
-Japan wants resources
--we had quit trading oil with them that ultimately led to Pearl Harbor after they had attack French Indochina...they needed oil..in turn, they ended up attacking us, this was the only way that they thought they could beat us...they hoped that we would decide to trade with them because they thought that we wouldn't want to fight.
Japanese leaders: Hidekin Tojo and Emperor Hiro Hito; Admiral Yamamoto, didnt' think they should have attacked the US..On December 7, 1941 the empire of Japan deliberately attacked the US...there were three waves of planes that day..they wanted to take out airplanes and ships...we didn't think they could do it since Pearl Harbor was shallow..We also didn't think they would attack Pearl Harbor, too far away etc. one mistake that we did was having all of our war ships put together because of sabotage...
Japan had cancelled their third wave of planes because they thought they had had success.
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