Today we conitnued to work on presenting the powerpoints.
What was the New Deal(1st and 2nd) and it's goals(3 R's)? 3 R's: Relief, Recovery, and Reform, from effects of Great Depression. Relief for unemplyed and the poor, Recovery of the economy to normal levels, Reform the financial system to prevent another Great Depression. (Brandon) Difference in 1st and 2nd New Deal- First New Deal- based on 3 R's, consisted of several economic programs the would help America get back on its feet. 2nd New Deal- new objectives: improve use of natural resources, security of old age, National Welfare Program was to replace. Differences:new objectives based on needs of country at that time, 1st- bankers, railroads, bussinesses (aimed at more businesses) 2nd- created Acts and administrations like Social Security Act and Works Progress Administration (aimed at helping people get money and jobs) (Courtney B. )
Why did people criticize the New Deal? Huey Long(early supporter of Roosevelt, but then turned against him after election of 1932 because he didn't get a federal post) and others thought the New Deal was too much for big businesses instead of helping everyone; thought it should take money from rich and redistribute it to the poor. Charles Coughlin(early supporter) thought Roosevelt was doing enough to help people and talked about FDR saying he was a liar, dictator, and the New Deal was a communist conspiracy, talked over the radio about the bad of FDR. Francis Townsend- said gov't should give $150 to people for over 60 months, help depression and taxes, and eventually help elderly people with the Social Security Act Those 3 joined a group that was against FDR. unemployment didn't dtop as fast, state powers became weaker, some Alphabet agency weren't passed-unconstitutional, gov't into debt. (Ana)
Why was FDR upset with the US Supreme Court and what did he do to try to solve this issue?
(Cameo) - Supreme Court said the Agricaultural Adjustment Act was unconstitutional because it was taxing a certain amount of people instead of everyone; long process. he thought they would do that to the Social Security Act and National Labor Relations Act; he resolved to reorganize the court. he said the for every Justices of 70 years old, he wanted to add another Justice, would take Supreme Court from 9 to 15. He thought this would help them not call things unconstitutional, but he didn't get the six other Justices and people thought he was trying to get too much power.
How did the New Deal help:
unemployed- Tennesee Valley Act- made to develop the Tennessee River System, made dams; proper use of water resources, to conserve and perserve the land, generate and sell surplus electricity to avert the waste of water power; help navigation, build national defense, and control flooding. provided electricity to homes and businesses, tried to stop floods by building dams, planted forests. provided recreation and protected the water quality; provided jobs(Cameo) Civilian Conservation Corps- got many people involved. provided meals, housing, uniforms and small wages working in forests and gov't jobs for thousandsof men; most forests related jobs like flood controling, and land improvement jobs. 18-25 year men. (Alex M)
farmers- Agricultural Adjusting Act - gov't paid farmers to plant only some of the crops and kill of extra livestock; stop overproduction, passed twice. balancing out supply and demand; corn, cotton, wheat, etc. farmers got money from tax on companies that processed farm goods; let people out of work and people thought it was unfair. declared unconstitutional in 1936 because people thought they shouldn't tax certain people to help other people. then passed again in 1938, but didn't just tax certain people, but taxed everyone. (Cheryl) Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act of 1936- paid farmers to stop palnting crops to stop over production; tried to stop erosions and Dust Bowl. Eventually did decrease erosion and end Dust Bowl, but also caused under production eventually and farmers didn't make as much money and the overall economy was bad fro farmers, lost farms. (Cole) Farm Security Administration- encourage farmers to farm less to raise crop prices, and many farmers couldn't afford their farms, so Congress wanted FSA to help tenant farmers purchase farms by providing loans for land and machinery. FSA thought tenant farmers were the cause of rural poverty and tried to relocate those farmers to the cities, or sometimes would take unemployed city people out to the rural areas to give them jobs. Took pictures of people in the rural areas to educate others about the struggles in the rural areas. (Alex M)
factory workers/labor: look at NRA for the "codes of fair competetition" - Rural Electrification Administration- gov't organization that gave electricity to rural areas because companies couldn't afford to give it to them and even if they could, the people wouldn't be able to pay them back, and companies thought it was unfair and many people thought farmers couldn't manage their own electric supplies. One of the fastest effective projects that FDR and gov't set up. In 1950's most farmers were supplied by R.E.A. and in 1949 helped people get telephone service. (Ana)
young people- Civilian Conservation Corps under unemployed.
banks/business- FDIC created by Glass Steagall Act; Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation; provides insurance on peoples money when they deposit it. Successful, helped stop back failure and people not lose money, still effective today. (Isaac) National Recovery Administration/ National Industrial Recovery Act: developed an industrial code system that would exert controls over industrial pricing, production, trade practices, and labor relations (made sure prices weren't too high, bussinesses didn't over produce goods, didn't trade too much with other countries, and relationships with labor workers were good). Created blue eagle posters which meant that they participated in the "codes of fair competetition: which means they're doing their part in treating their employees fair and being fair to the consumers, made more people go to those businesses.(Brandon) Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act: 1938 gave gov't authority to oversee the production of food, medicine(drugs) and cosmetics (makeup). (Tanner) Banking Act of 1933 - created FDIC and decided to make it a permanent organization; can inssure up to $250,000 of people's money. (Leah) Securities and Exchange Comission- protects investors and maintains fairs, orderly, and well-established markets; got rid of all the fraud that was happening in the stock market. Regulate and watch over the stock market to get rid of fraud and make people feel like their money is safe in the stock market again. Different divisions that did things that madde people aware of how the businesses were doing that they had stocks in. (Courtney B.)
home owners
elderly
Native Americans
Describe the culture of the 1930's.-
Key terms:
Hundred Days: (Tanner)- first 100 days of FDR being president; passed 15 bills like Emergency Banking Act ( he could close banks so it wouldn't fail then open it again): National Industrial Act, Civilian Conservation Corps ( give men jobs that needed them), Agricultural Adjustment Act ( paid farmers not to grow crops so there wouldn't be over production)
fireside chats Leah- FDR started these chats as governor of New York. Used radio to communicate with the people to explain the condition of the economy. Started these chats to calm down and restore the confidence of the people, and people felt like they were talking to them personally. He talked to the world and not just the big people, but also the smaller people of the world. Talked about the banks failing on his first chat and people listened and put money back in banks, so they wouldn't fail, and first chat of presidency was about his New Deal plan.
priming the pump- (Cole) - term for process of gov't spending deificts during recessions to boost the economy up to a better state, which carried with it businesses and industries. Hoover was first to use it, then FDR made it popular when he became president. term used to say that the gov't was trying to recover the economy by trying to create jobs for people, etc.
deficit spending -when gov't, company, or people spends more money then what they make in a certain amount of time. FDR didn't want to have the economy bad, but thought he needed to keep spending to keep the acts going. people thought that it was unnecessary, but FDR said it was temporary and would fight against the recession. (Cheryl)
Izaack- FDR's background: Jan. 30, 1882. changed his name from Van Rosenvelt to Roosevelt to "Americanize" their name. He lost use of legs due to Pollio, only disabled president; he went to Harvard. He had an affiar with his wife's social securitary. Elected president in November of 1932, and died on April, 12, 1945.
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