Ch. 15 Test TopicsDescribe the cycle of the Great Depression?What was the New Deal(1st and 2nd) and it's goals(3 R's)?Why did people criticize the New Deal?Why was FDR upset with the US Supreme Court and what did he do to try to solve this issue?How did the New Deal help:unemployedfarmersfactory workers/laboryoung peoplebanks/businesshome ownerselderlyNative AmericansDescribe the culture of the 1930's.Key terms:Hundred Days; passed 15 major billsfireside chats; stated that the nation had reached a point where it needed to save the constitution form the supreme court (declares laws unconstitutional and constitutional)priming the pumpdeficit spendingCODY:The Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937 (supreme court packing)■by FDR■wanted to gain favor on the new deal measures that had been struck down, unconstitutionl- surpreme court■4 basic principles of the bill◦president can add 1 justice for each one that is over 70 years and 6 months of age◦limitations on the number of judges the president could appoint◦public was split about the bill. 1. supreme court merged with the constitution 2. roosevelts personal involvement◦it does not pass!◦people thought he was wrong...thought he wanted to much powerCritics and failings of the new deal■huey long thought it was too generous to corporate interests■charles coughlin- religious.. considered roosevelt a dictator and called new deal communist■socialism- government controls businesses■Failing◦too slow◦caustious to provide fiscal stimulus(get economy started)◦too much public power (private hands)◦disproportionally benefited white men■francis townsand-KYLE:Reconstruction Finance Corporation■gave $2 billion to help the state and local governments■made loans to banks, railroads, mortgage assocciationsand other businesses■loans-repaid to government■january 22,1932■helped alot of business and banks after the stock market crash■expanded munition factories (guns and stuff)■hoover did this (roosevelt continured)■successful but disbanded (didnt need it anymore)Civilian Conservation Court■public work relief program unemployed me 18-25■march 21,1933■volunteer (planted 3 billion tress to help reforest america)■constructed parks 800■successful■disbanded in 1942 because of the war■47 young men died working for itJAMES (MR.BRUNS)Civil Works Administration (CWA)■1933■create jobs for millions of the unemployed■created construction jobs, improving buildings and bridges■CWA cost the government over $800,000,000■it was then canceled■sucessful for about a year■hired 4 million people■concerned with paying high wagesWorks Progress Administraion (WPA)- made work for people■1935■larges new deal agency■"make work" program that provided jobs and income to the unemployed during the G.Dep.■projects mainly on unskilled workers■all about making work (getting jobs to them, people getting money)■built roads, bridges, buildings, airport runways (A LOT)■payed people to provide concerts (for entertainment to escape from tough times)■works of arts■federal project #1- gave jobs to artists, musicians, writeres, etc..( broke down to several small groups)JORDAN:National Youth Administration (NYA)■give students money to go to school and stuff and help them find a job and anyone who needs money in life■did some construction work, job training■june 1935■provided grants for highschool and college students to stay in school■successful in hiring and stuff. but in world war 2 it shut down■paid 6-40 dollars a month to do work study projects■10-25 dollars a month for part time jobs (including training)■youth stayed at home worked on construction or reparing jobsEmergency Bank Relief Act (EBRA) - Bank Holiday■banks closed until inspectors came in and sad it was okay to be reopened■march 9,1933 banks were closed until they were inspected and financially stable■first bank didnt open til march 13■more of a holiday then an act■more than 2/3 of bancks closed during the great depression due to not being financially stableBRITANY:Federal Securties Act■1933■truth in securities■regulates offers and sales of securities (stocks, bonds, mutual funds)■ensures buyers of securities recieve complet and accurate info before they invest■requires all sales of sec. be registered with the government■wasnt succesfulFederal Deposit Insurance Coorporation■1933■insured deposits■garenteed at least 250,000 if banks failed■gave people money back if banks failed■was successful■modified by the federal deposit■it is still around today merged with bank insurance fundLIZ:National Recovery Administration (NRA)■1933■administration to get rid of competition by bringing industry, labor, and government together to create fair practices and set prices■maintaing employees and production■criticism■ended by the supreme court in 1935National Industrial Recovery Act■intending to let the president of the US regulate industry and allow monopolies to attempt to help the economy■4-5,00 business practices prohibited■led to union vilence, strikes■many problems■1935 declared unconstitutionalSecurtities and Exchange Coorporation-1934-a federal agency responsible for enforcing federal securtiy(stocks) laws-mainly regulates the stock markets-enforces some acts (that are involved in securtiy industries)-mostly successful-still around today-making sure stock markets are safeCATIE:Federal Emergency Relief Administration-at first it was just emergency relief administration but hoover changed it in 1932 and added the federal to it.-was replaced by the WPA-helping unemployed households-creating new unskilled jobs(gave out loans)-self-esteem-helped about 20 million people-terminated in 1935-taken over by the WPA and SSA(two new federal agencies)-started giving direct handoutsPuplic Works Administration-1933-started by the national industrial recovery act- harold ickes- response to the great depression-makes dams,bridges,warships,hospitals,schools; helped the economy by giving people jobsMELISSAAgricultural Adjustment Act-corn, peanuts, milk, rice, wheat, tobacco, cotton - planting less because there was to much of it-ruled unconstitutional in 1937-farmers get paid-new technology-replacement of Act 1 and then was rewrittenSoil Conservation and Domestic Alloment Act-like the AA-cut crop and livestock amounts- made to conserve soil-"black storms"- how it was plowed and how they did it- correct the use of land- educated farmers
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