Ch. 15 Test Topics
Describe the cycle of the Great Depression?
Crash- people were losing jobs- which met people were not spending money. Which lead to the companies crashing. Then the cycle starts again.
What was the New Deal(1st and 2nd) and it's goals(3 R's)?-
Relief, Reform, Recovery FDR's plan to get us out of the Great Depression.
1.Relief- for the people
2.Reform- the banking system, stock market, and businesses needed to be reformed.
3.Recovery-we will recover from the Great Depression
First and 2nd New deal-each goals were the same, each had a specific focused
-The first they wanted to help top down- they wanted to help businesses, and banks survive. That would trickle down and help poor.
-2nd-bottom to top-help the poor ,so if they help the people they will have jobs, they will spend, that will help business. having the vicious cycle go reverse, and the trickle down theory reverse.
Why did people criticize the New Deal?-they said that they said that he was doing to much, the the he was making the country more socialistic, and communistic were the government controls businesses, and almost everything. Some people called him communist. Some people said he did to little.
1.said that he was a dictator that he was doing to much, he was to powerful
2.It was a radical departure from Lassies Fayre- created a big government
3.Some acts appeared interfering and the worst unconstitutional-That he was doing things that take away peoples rights.
4.heavy debt burden-Unites states was engaged in deficit spending and this was unhealthy for the economy in the long run.
Too much Too Little
Father Charles- said he was doing too much, Francis Town shed said he was doing to little because he was not doing much for the old people he helped with the social security- Senator Huey long was going to run for president but was assassinated- he was a communist he was robin hood take from the rich give to the poor.
Why was FDR upset with the US Supreme Court and what did he do to try to solve this issue?-He wanted to get more people on the supreme court so he could have votes on his favor. The supreme court was telling Roosevelt that his acts were unconstitutional. So he put people in the Supreme court that would vote toward his way. Does not get passed. People felt that Roosevelt was getting to powerful. A lot of Americans thought this was an attempt trying to get even more power. He felt that his programs were being stopped by all these old guys, and he wanted to get his acts passed. Supreme court packing bill. So he added a new judge for every person in the supreme court that was over 70
How did the New Deal help:
unemployed- Reconstruction Finance Cooperation (RFC.) gave loans to banks, state and coal goat's and businesses to create jobs for people-CC C- Feds-one of the first relief operations. gave loans to states. employed people to work for the government-helped a lot of unemployed people
-p WA provided 8 million jobs to unemployed men. constructed roads an buildings. it is not around today. It ended when ww2 came about when jobs for warfare came about.
-National youth Administration- provided part time jobs for high school students.
-Public works administration-brought a lot of jobs to bring dams, bridges, school, and hospitals, main goal was to give people jobs, and revive the economy. enemy in ww2 when people started getting jobs.
-CW A-civil works Administration- improved roads, and schools, and airports. cities improved. failed because it was too costly, they paid there workers to well.
T.V.A- Improved navigability on the Tennessee River, Provide Flood control. Reforest and improve marginal farm land. Assist in the Industrial and development. Biggest things was make damns, The damns would prevent flooding and provide energy.
farmers
- NRA- gave president authority( blue eagle means your being fairly with your workers. means your following codes of good business)- N.I.R.A goals was to eliminate competition-
Farm Security Administration-provided loans to people, mainly farmers, who couldn't obtain credit elsewhere. One thing that they did was take photographs, they also documented the problems that farmers had, that way they could be showed to congress. They also bought up a lot of poor farmers land. And then they hired farmers to work for them.
-AAA- because of farmers over reproduction problems. They paid farmers to plant less. It was considered unconstitutional the first time because they were taxing people and then they paid the farmers. It was passed again once everyone was passed were everyone was taxed.
-It restricted Soil Conservation ACT. so it allowed government to pay farmers to not grow things. By doing this it conserved soil and prevents erosion.( it taught young farmers how to farm land without damaging it. To prevent dust bowl they planted trees.( it was very successful because soil erosion dropped by 65%/
rural electrificationadministration- it was created to bring electricity to farms and rural areas. we were lagging behind Europe with providing electricity to the rural areas, because of the huge country we have.
factory workers/labor
National Labor Relations act.-protected the workers Incur raged collective bargaining. They are the voice of the people with all the laborers. Board of workers fought t for the workers rights.
flsa-placed the first minimum wage in the country. back then it was 25 cents compared to today which is 7.25 and hour
Social Security act- Old people-it pays the retired people over 65 with a steady income. It would also go to orphan children, ,handicapped people or spouses. It was successful because it is still around.
young people-for the unemployment men of -cc c employed-planted trees-they young people would work and they money would go to the family.
-National youth Administration- provided part time jobs for high school students. allows people to stay in school. high school and college students. job rated school projects. was very successful.
banks/business- Reconstruction Finance Cooperation (RFC)-gave states loans for emergency need. ended after WWII started by Hoover.
home owners
elderly
Banking Emergency Relief act.- allowed for the reopening of the banks as soon as examiners had found them to be financially secure.
-in two weeds Americans had returned more then one half of the money that people had lost.
Federal Securities Act-required that investors get to see fiancial and other significant info concerning security being offered for public sale. Companies had to be truthful if they were losing or gaining money.
-Set up a federal exchange act. so it was change in to the securities exchange act of 1934
-FDIC preserves and reserves public confidence in the u.s financial system by insuring deposits
Native Americans-Indian reorganization act act wheeler Howard act or i Indian new deal-returning native American their assets back which was mostly land., to prevent the decreasing reservation resources, they had their own government, instead of making them by like the Americans.
Describe the culture of the 1930's.
Key terms:
Hundred Days-He promised that he was going to get a lot of things done in 100 days. Like a report card of the first one hundred days.
fireside chats-chats the Roosevelt gave over the radio to address the people.
priming the pump- This is an example of Deficit spending- get the economy running trying to get it going. Pumping money into the economy.
deficit spending-Spending more money then you take in. The U.S is a professional at doing this.
FDC-was making sure that what people were putting in their body was OK.
Home Owner-the USHA was mostly step up the how the low income families. only lasted 5 years. they provided houses for people. Hosed many homeless people. They did a pay roll. that way people could pay it back. So loans were pushed back a lot.
Federal housing Administration- lowered down payments. stretched out years to pay back loans. It's part of the National Housing act of 1934. So it allows young couples or people that are not able to pay loans to have a lower percent of a down payment. Gave the low income and minority families a chance to won a home. So way different then the other act. Very successful.
Mortgage a loan to fiance the purchase of a home
Redlining- refuse a loan or a insurance to someone because they live in a n area that is looked to be a poor financial risk
Home owners loan corporation -Helped protect home owners from foreclosure. extended loans from 5-7 to 15-30 years. They were very racist they used a ton of red lining.
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