WW1 Chapter 11 topics
1. What were the causes of WWI in Europe?
- mutual defense alliances (central powers and allied forces)
- Imperialism
- Militarism
- Nationalism
- Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
the assassination was the spark that started the was then the countries formed alliences so they all made eachother go into the was
2. What were the major alliances of WWI?
Central Powers
- Austio-Hungarian Empire
- German Empire
- Ottoman Empire
- Kingdom of Vulgaria
Allied Powers
- Great Britian
- Russia
- Italy
- France
- US
- Belgium
- Servia
3. What were the goals of WWI for all the major countries involved?
Austria -Hungary
- Control serbia
- the assasination of Fanz Ferdinand
- Gain control of the Ottoman empire
Great Brittian
- maintain themselves as a superpower and a leading country
- 19th century british empire was the world's leading economic and political powerhouse
- worried about the german threat
- protect france both being threat
Germany
- Secure/maintain german unification
- german speaking people into one strong, independent state.
- isolate france
- long standing rivalry with france
- bad los in thirty years war
- german anger
- acquire colonies
Russia
- got out of war
- lost war to germany
- because they got out of the war which led to them being comunist
- bulshivik revolutioin
France
- avenge previous military defeats
- germans majority of the population
- eliminate the germans in a short yet powerful offensive
- cripple german industrial capacity
- couldn't keep up with britain, the US , and Germany
- diminish german industrial power
- goal leading industrial power on the continent
- become a dominant continental power
US
- "Safe for Democracy" -Wilson
- us saying that we think everyone should be free with democracy
4. What were some of the major land battles prior to US involvement-1914-March, 1917?
- Battle of Verdum
- Battle of Marne (Sept. 4th 1914)
- Battle of Ypes
- Battle of Passchendaele (wearing out the enemy and securing the belgium cost)
- Battle of the Lys
- Advance of Flanders
- Battle of Somme
5. What were some of the major naval battles of WWI?
- Battle of Jutland (largest navel battle british dominate the north sea)
- Battle of Dogger Bank (in the north sea, result a huge victory for the brittish)
- Battle of Heligoland ( british victory)
- Battle of Coronel
- Battle of Falkland Islands
6. What were the US reactions to WWI starting in 1914?
We declared nutrality
7. What were the causes for US involvement in WWI?
- Germany's U-Boats sunk the lusitania boat killing 128 americans, and sinking many other boats
- Trade with England rose, Germany declined
- The Zimmerman Note (telegram sent by the foreign secretary of the German Empire Arthur Zimmermann on Jan. 16 1917,
- it was intercepted and decoded by the british cryptographers and it said that germany tried to get mexico to declare war on the US.
- Germany promised Mexico that they would get the mexican cession back if they won.
- Germany wanted to keep the US out of Europe)
- beleifs of War Hawks saying that we should go to war
- British and American Propaganda (the british tried to get us in the war with songs trying to get the people want the war)
- Preparedness Program (US started arming and preparing for war)
- American Business (munitions business pushed US into war to make money)
- German declaration of "unlimited submarine warefare"
8. What were the major land battles for the US in WWI?
- The Battle of Cantigny (may 28th 1918)
- The Battle of Belleauwood(june 1918)
- The Battle of LeHemal (july)
- The Second Battle of Marne (end of july into august)
9. What were the major military strategies for winning the war for both Allied and Central Powers?
- Schielffn Plan - german plan of attack of WW1, need to defeat attack france quickly
- problems- belgium stronger than anticipated
- Plan 17- french plan of attack during WW1, Designed by Ferdinand Foch, put into action by the french commander in chief Joseph Joffre, relied on Elan Vital
- Plan 19 or A - fermany attacks france, russia attacks russia in route to germany, 2 armies attack while the rest protect Russsia from Austria Hungary
- Plan G - never happened but if it were going to happen - Germany attacks Russia full scale, Russia lets them invade them, once deep into russia attack the germans
- AEF American Expeditionary Force- Select American Troops, Deployed to assist french and Britain Froces, ofted referred to as dough boys
10. What were some of the weapons of WWI?
BAYONET -a simple blade attached to the barrel of a rifle used in close combat situations
FLAMETHROWER - a fire spreading mechanism first used by the germans it was bad if you were in a trench
POISON GAS - first used by french they were chloride filled which caused cough attacks for the opposing army, germans created mustard gas which was deadly but orderless.
SUBMARINES - u boats were sued in combat they sank three british battleships, merchant ships fo the allies to stop them from dustributing, commonly used for sneak attacks
TANKS - armored cars that have firing mechanisms attacked to them
MACHINE GUNS - warpons that were fired at a faster rate and for a longer time, they had problems working becuase they would get jammed
AIRPLANE - used for a little bombing and dog fighting
11. Describe trench warfare.
Battling between to popposing armies that are both entrenched. Jush laying in a trench shooting back at eachother
12. Describe what happened on the US Home Front in WWI.
- Home Front - what people did back home (US) to win the war. (work in factories)
- Victory Gardens - to help grow food to send to the war
- women started dong mens jobs, women started geting more rights since they were taking over mens jobs
- African Americans -
- managed the war efforts
- the great migration - they immigrated from rural wouth to urban north to work in factories
13. Describe Wilson's 14 Points.
Wilsons proposition to end ww1 and create peace postwar.
- 1st point
- Open covenants
- no more secrets (open covenants openly arrived at)
- prohibit treaties (some treaties had non understandable understandings)
- 2nd Point
- freedom of the seas
- can navigate freely on all seas
- 3conditions
- general peace
- no fighting with other nations
- league of nations remains neutral
- 3rd Point
- eliminate high trade barriors all around the world
- allow trade to be more easily accomplished around the world
- 4th Point
- you can not have too many weapons/lessen weapon numbers
- domestic safety is protecting against invasion
- 5th Point
- impartial you can't pick sides between the colonies
- listening to both sides of the colonials opoinions
- wilson was a big beleiver of trying to push for independence
- 6th Point
- evacuate German troops out of Russian territory
- Russia can decide what form of government they want without any interference (determine their own political set-up)
- 7th Point'
- German troops need to evacuate Belgium
- Belgium deserves to be independent like they were before the war
- 8th Point
- France has taken Germany's control of French territory
- Fance is allowed to recover Alsace-Lorraine (region in NE France)
- 9th Point
- all Italians are allowed dto live in Italy
- It would also readjust Italy's boundries to gain some land from Austria Hungary
- 10th Point
- The poeple who live in Austria -Hungary should beave self determination
- 11th Point
- people in the Balkan states should be independent
- Mush evacuate the Central Powers of Serbia, Montenegro, and Romania
- 12th Point
- turkish people should be governed by
- turkish government; non turkish poeple should govern themselves
- 13th Point
- poland should be independent
- poland should have access to the sea
- 14th Point
- league of Nations is created to make independence to all states
14. Describe the points of the Treaty of Versailles.
15. Why did the US never pass the Treaty of Versailles?
16. Why did the Allied Powers win WWI?
17. Describe the impact WWI had on the world.
18. How did countries react to the Treaty of Versailles?
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