1. What were the causes of WWI in Europe?
*Mutual Defence Alliances (central powers and allied forces)
*Imperialism
*Militerism
*Nationalism
*Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
2. What were the major alliances of WWI?
*Great Britian
*France
*United States
*Italy
*Russia
3. What were the goals of WWI for all the major countries involved?
*Austria-Hungary: control Serbia, gain control of the Ottoman empire, defend the border between Italy and Austria-Hungary.
*Great Britian: maintain themselves as a superpower and a leading country, worried about the German threat, protect France both being threatened by Germany, France and Britian allianced together
*Germany: Secure/Maintain German Unification, Isolate France, Acquire Colonies
*Russia: Got out of the war, Bulshivik Revolution
*France: Avenge Previous Military Defeats, Cripple German Industrial Capacity, Become th Dominant Continental Power
*United States: Wilson (Safe for Democracy)
4. What were some of the major land battles prior to US involvement-1914-March, 1917?
* Battle of Marne
* Battle of Ypres
* Battle of Passchendale
* Battle of Lys
* Battle of Peaks of Flanders
* Battle of Somme
* Battle of Cambrai
5. What were some of the major naval battles of WWI?
* Battle of Jutland
* Battle of Dogger Bank
* Battle of Heligoland
* Battle of Coronel
* Battle of Falkland Islands
6. What were the US reactions to WWI starting in 1914?
* U.S. very upset with both sides of the war
* German sinking of British ships an killing U.S. citizens
* Eventually, U.S. drew closer to war and the Allies
* Trade with England rose, and German declined
* The Zimmermann Note
* Beliefs of War Hawks
* Trade with England increased, Germany decreased
* British and American Propaganda
* Preparednss Program (1915)
* American Business
* German declaration of "unlimited submarine warfare"
7. What were the causes for US involvement in WWI?
8. What were the major land battles for the US in WWI?
*Second Battle of Marne
*Battle of Cantigny
*Battle of Belleauwood
*Battle Lehamel
9. What were the major military strategies for winning the war for both Allied and Central Powers?
* Schlieffen Plan
* Plan 17
* Plan G and 19
* AEF
10. What were some of the weapons of WWI?
* Bayonet- simple blade attached to the barrel of a rifle used in close combat situations
* Flamethrower- fire spreading mechanism first used by the Germans in the war
* Poison Gas- first used by the French and they were chloride filled which caused cough attacks for the opposing war
* Mustard Gas- created by the Germans, made blisters on the skin
* Gas Mask- used to overcome gas inhalation
* Submarines or U-boats- most commonly used by Germans in the first world war, used for sneak attacks, help target merchant ships of the allies to stop them from disturbing supplies
* Tanks- armored cars that have firing mechanisms attached to them used in WWI
* Machine Guns- weapons that were fired at a faster rate and for a longer time, worked better on an open front in trench warfare, problems were jamming
11. Describe trench warfare.
* Battling between two opposing armies that are both entrenched
* One third of deaths in the war occured in the trenches
* Some died from artillary fire which extremely bad because many men were taken out in one sweep
* Died from surprise attack
* Some died from sniper fire
* Another deadly killer was disease
* Trench fever happened a lot in the war and spread easily
* Rats were horrible in trenches
* Lice was a big problem in their clothes and hair
* This was the first war that soldiers started to shave their heads
* When no action occuring, soldiers would write letters to their families
* In the morning soldier got up for the "morning stand to"
* At dusk soldiers stayed up for hours in the night waiting for surprise attacks
* Some soldiers had the duty of going into mans land and repairing fences
* Two sided would agree to breakfast truce
* Smell in the trenches was horrible
* Smell came from rotting carcasses from animals and humans
12. Describe what happened on the US Home Front in WWI.
* Woodrow Wilson depended on the Allied financial dependene as a weapon, so it could help him achieve the goals of his postwar diplomacy
* The Lever Act persuaded Americans to save food for the shipment over seas
* Woman and their children mad "war gardens" so they could contribute to the war
* Americans sent weapons, food and bullets and other materials to the French and Russia
* Woman started doing mens' jobs and working in factories
* Most devastating war that anyone has ever seen
* Known as the war to end all wars
* Men sacrificed their lifes for freedom and democracy in the war
* African Americans mananged war efforts, nurses, provided for families, supported war with boycotts/bonds, production left to them, immigrated from rural south to north
* Women stayed home to take care of family, worked in factories, production of ammunition and military products, gained respect from politicians
13. Describe Wilson's 14 Points.
* A proposition to end World War 1 and create peace postwar
* 1. No more secrets (open covenants openly arrived at) prohibit treaties (some treaties non understandable understandings)
* 2. Can navigate freely on all seas, but three conditions: general peace, no fighting with other nations, and League of Nations remains neutral
* 3. Eliminate trade barriers, like high tariffs
* 4. You can not have to many weapons/lesson weapon numbers and "domestic safety" is protecting against invasion
* 5. "Impartial" which means you cant pick sides between the colonies, and listening to both sides on the colonials opinions
* 6. Evactuate Germans troops out of Russian territory and Russia can decide what form of government they want without any interference (determine their own political)
* 7. German troops need to evacuate Belgium and Belgium deserves to be independent like they were before war
* 8. France has taken Germany's control of French territory and Francce is allowed to recover Alsace-Lorraine (region in NE France)
* 9. All Italians are allowed to live in Italy and re-adjust Russias boundries
* 10. People that live in Austria-Hungary should have self-determination
* 11. People in the Balkon states should be independent and must evacuate the Central Powers of Serbia, Montenegro, and Romania
* 12. Turkish people should be governed by Turkish government; non Turkish people should govern themselves
* 13. Poland should be independent and Poland should have access to the sea
* 14. League of Nations is created to make independence to all states
14. Describe the points of the Treaty of Versailles.
15. Why did the US never pass the Treaty of Versailles?
16. Why did the Allied Powers win WWI?
17. Describe the impact WWI had on the world.
18. How did countries react to the Treaty of Versailles?
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