War to End all Wars was the nickname
known as the great war 1914-1918
US entered in 1917
11th month 11th day at 11
WW1 key questions
1. What were the causes of WWI in Europe?
Militarism, imperialism, and nationalism. Assassination in Sarajeu. Alliances.
MINSA is an acronym
Militarism
Imperialism
Nationalism
System of alliances
Assassination - that started the war
2. What were the major alliances of WWI?
The great powers before WW1 were Great Britain, France, Italy, Germany, Russia, Austria - Hungary. Central Powers were Italy, Germany, and Austria - Hungary, and in 1882 was when they became an alliance. Entente or Allied Powers were Russia, Japan, United States, France, and Great Britian, and in 1907 was when they became an alliance. United States wanted to stay neutral. US joined in 1917 because Germans sank Lusitania, a cruse ship, which was headed for Britian. Italy wtarted as a central power and then changed to the allied powers.
3. What were the goals of WWI for all the major countries involved?
Germany - remove France as a competitor, obtain colonies in Europe, Middle east, and Africa, build up its
Austria Hungary - take control of Serbia and protect the border between them and Italy
Italy - gain control of the Irrendenta(Austria Hungary) and acquire colonies from Germany
Turkey - unify country, expand nation by obtaining colonies, gain resources and boost their
France - Retake Alsace - Lorraine, wanted to weaken German'y industrial power, emerge as a europeoan and world power
Russia - remove Germany as a challenger for land, become a cheif military power once again, be in command of the Bosphours Strait, help Serbia with Austria Hungary
Great Britian - perserve its status as a super power, to stay a head of other countris, had to weaken Germany's military power, defend Belgium and France, wanted land from Germany
United States - aimed for peace throughout Europe after the war, make sure that the allied powers pay off their debt, Wilson's 14 points
4. What were some of the major land battles prior to US involvement-1914-March, 1917?
Bettle of Verdun - started February 21, 1916 - France and Germany fought - France won
1st battle of Marne - started September 5, 1914 - France and United Kingdom fought against the Germans - France and the United Kingdom won
2nd battle of Ypres - started April 22, 1915 - France, Africa, United Kingdom, Canada, and British India fought against the Germans - stalemate
1st battle of Somme - started July 1, 1916 - British and French fought against the Germans - inclacusive
1st battle of Champagne - started December 20, 1914 - France fought agains the Germans - no one won
1st battle of Liege - Started August 5, 1914 - Belgium fought against Germany -
Battle of Tannenberg - started August 23, 1914 - Germans and Russians -
Battle for Gallipoli - started April 25, 1915 - ended January 9. 1916 - Turkey versus Britain, Germany, Austria Hungary
Battle of Flers - Courcelette - started September 15. 1916 - ended September 22, 1916
5. What were some of the major naval battles of WWI?
Battle of Heligoland Bight - on August 28, 1914 - Great Britain fought Germany - Great Britain won - fought in the North Sea
Battle of Dogger Bank - on January 24, 1915 - Great Britain fought Germany - Great Britain won - fought in the North Sea
Battle of Jutland - May 31, 1916 to June 1, 1916 - Germany fought Great Britain - Great Britain won - fought in the North Sea
First Battle of Coronel - November 1, 1914 - Great Britain fought Germany -Germany won - fought off the coast of Chile by Coronel
Battle of the Falkland Islands - December 8, 1914 - Germany fought Great Britain - Great Britain won - fought by the Falkland Islands
6. What were the US reactions to WWI starting in 1914?
Woodrow Wildon issued a Declaration of Neutraility
American farms and factories fed and armed Europe's armies
American manufactures, amunition makers, and agricultural producers were eager to make money on the need for goods
7. What were the causes for US involvement in WWI?
Unrestriced submarine warfare - type of warefare in which submarines sing non navel boats without warning, Germans sank the Lusitania which was a key reason for US joining WW1
American Propaganda - increase support for the war, it urged people to plant victory gardens, join the war, greater war production
German dictatorship
US business interests
Zimmerman note - German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmermann ws the man who wrote the telegram, it was sent to German Nimister to Mexico, von Eckherdt, German empire wanted Mexico to make war against the US, the British deciphered the telegram, the American press published it in newspapers, another big reason for the US entering the war
known as the great war 1914-1918
US entered in 1917
11th month 11th day at 11
WW1 key questions
1. What were the causes of WWI in Europe?
Militarism, imperialism, and nationalism. Assassination in Sarajeu. Alliances.
MINSA is an acronym
Militarism
Imperialism
Nationalism
System of alliances
Assassination - that started the war
2. What were the major alliances of WWI?
The great powers before WW1 were Great Britain, France, Italy, Germany, Russia, Austria - Hungary. Central Powers were Italy, Germany, and Austria - Hungary, and in 1882 was when they became an alliance. Entente or Allied Powers were Russia, Japan, United States, France, and Great Britian, and in 1907 was when they became an alliance. United States wanted to stay neutral. US joined in 1917 because Germans sank Lusitania, a cruse ship, which was headed for Britian. Italy wtarted as a central power and then changed to the allied powers.
3. What were the goals of WWI for all the major countries involved?
Germany - remove France as a competitor, obtain colonies in Europe, Middle east, and Africa, build up its
Austria Hungary - take control of Serbia and protect the border between them and Italy
Italy - gain control of the Irrendenta(Austria Hungary) and acquire colonies from Germany
Turkey - unify country, expand nation by obtaining colonies, gain resources and boost their
France - Retake Alsace - Lorraine, wanted to weaken German'y industrial power, emerge as a europeoan and world power
Russia - remove Germany as a challenger for land, become a cheif military power once again, be in command of the Bosphours Strait, help Serbia with Austria Hungary
Great Britian - perserve its status as a super power, to stay a head of other countris, had to weaken Germany's military power, defend Belgium and France, wanted land from Germany
United States - aimed for peace throughout Europe after the war, make sure that the allied powers pay off their debt, Wilson's 14 points
4. What were some of the major land battles prior to US involvement-1914-March, 1917?
Bettle of Verdun - started February 21, 1916 - France and Germany fought - France won
1st battle of Marne - started September 5, 1914 - France and United Kingdom fought against the Germans - France and the United Kingdom won
2nd battle of Ypres - started April 22, 1915 - France, Africa, United Kingdom, Canada, and British India fought against the Germans - stalemate
1st battle of Somme - started July 1, 1916 - British and French fought against the Germans - inclacusive
1st battle of Champagne - started December 20, 1914 - France fought agains the Germans - no one won
1st battle of Liege - Started August 5, 1914 - Belgium fought against Germany -
Battle of Tannenberg - started August 23, 1914 - Germans and Russians -
Battle for Gallipoli - started April 25, 1915 - ended January 9. 1916 - Turkey versus Britain, Germany, Austria Hungary
Battle of Flers - Courcelette - started September 15. 1916 - ended September 22, 1916
5. What were some of the major naval battles of WWI?
Battle of Heligoland Bight - on August 28, 1914 - Great Britain fought Germany - Great Britain won - fought in the North Sea
Battle of Dogger Bank - on January 24, 1915 - Great Britain fought Germany - Great Britain won - fought in the North Sea
Battle of Jutland - May 31, 1916 to June 1, 1916 - Germany fought Great Britain - Great Britain won - fought in the North Sea
First Battle of Coronel - November 1, 1914 - Great Britain fought Germany -Germany won - fought off the coast of Chile by Coronel
Battle of the Falkland Islands - December 8, 1914 - Germany fought Great Britain - Great Britain won - fought by the Falkland Islands
6. What were the US reactions to WWI starting in 1914?
Woodrow Wildon issued a Declaration of Neutraility
American farms and factories fed and armed Europe's armies
American manufactures, amunition makers, and agricultural producers were eager to make money on the need for goods
7. What were the causes for US involvement in WWI?
Unrestriced submarine warfare - type of warefare in which submarines sing non navel boats without warning, Germans sank the Lusitania which was a key reason for US joining WW1
American Propaganda - increase support for the war, it urged people to plant victory gardens, join the war, greater war production
German dictatorship
US business interests
Zimmerman note - German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmermann ws the man who wrote the telegram, it was sent to German Nimister to Mexico, von Eckherdt, German empire wanted Mexico to make war against the US, the British deciphered the telegram, the American press published it in newspapers, another big reason for the US entering the war
8. What were the major land battles for the US in WWI?
3rd Battle of Aisne- May 27, 1918; France, UK, US, Germany; allied victory
Belleau Wood- June 6, 1918; France, UK, US, Germany; 10.000 casualties on Allied side; allied victory
Cantigy- May 28, 1918; US, France, Germany; Allied Victory
2nd Battle of Marne- France, US, UK, Italy, Germany; 140,000 casualties for each side
Ypres- British EF had 310,000 casualties; Germany had 260,000 casualties; July 31, 1917; 5th bloodiest battle of WWI
100 Days Offensive- August 8, 1918; UK, US, Belgium, Australia, Canada, German Empire, Austria-Hungary; 2 million dead.
9. What were the major strategies for the war for both Allied and Central Powers?
Schleiffen Plan- flank the French and go through Belgium and capture Paris
Hindenburg Line-defensive line in northeastern France constructed by the Germans. In 1918, The British broke through with tanks
French Plan 14- entirely offensive, called for an by four French Armies into Alsace-Lorraine
Austria Hungary plan B and R- Plan B was a plan to put armies on the field; 3 in Serbia and 3 to defend against Russia.
Russia- Plan 19- identified that Germany would open the war with an attack against France rather than Russia; they then attacked Germany
10. What were some of the weapons of WWI?
Rifles and Pistols (main weapon in trenches - 15 rounds per min)
Rifles
Bolt-Action Rifles
Lebel M1886
Mauser Gewehr
Lee Enfield Rifle
Springfield
Mannlicher-Carcano
Machine Guns (needed 4-6 men to work)
Gerdner Machine Gun
Hotchkiss
Lewis Gun
Maxim Machine Gun
Vickers Machine Gun
Browning Machine Gun
Artillery
Big Bertha
Howitzer
Skoda 30.5
Mills Bomb
Tanks
1st one made was Little Willie - crew of 3- max speed was 3mph - couldn't cross trenches
End of war tanks could carry 10 men, max speed 4mph, relvoving turret
Gas
Chlorine
-burning in the throat and chest pains
-death by suffocation
Mustard
-most deadly gas
-12 hours to take effect
-blistering skin, vimiting, sore eyes, internal and external bleeding
-death can take up to 5 weeks
Submarines also known as U-boats
-over 200 feet long
-less than 1,000 tons
-weapons on are torpedo
Aircrafts
-Planes delivered bombs
-spied on enemies
-Zeppelin - airship used for bombing raids(known as blimps now)
-Zepplins are easy to shoot because they are so big
11. Describe trench warfare.
-fighting line of trenches where troops are immune to enemy small arms fire and some artillery
-area between trenches "no man's land"
-"Shell shock"- nervous break down of soldiers
12. Describe what happened on the US Home Front in WWI.
-area between trenches "no man's land"
-"Shell shock"- nervous break down of soldiers
12. Describe what happened on the US Home Front in WWI.
Women's roles at Home
-victory gardens
-farming
-working in factories
-trash pick up
-knitted sock and clothes
-raise money
-anything to help support the men
Government propaganda
-Committee of Public information (CPI)
--they issued pamphlet and films
Conservation
-food especially meat
13. Describe Wilson's 14 Points.
14. Describe the points of the Treaty of Versailles.
15. Why did the US never pass the Treaty of Versailles?
16. Why did the Allied Powers win WWI?
17. Describe the impact WWI had on the world.
18. How did countries react to the Treaty of Versailles?
-victory gardens
-farming
-working in factories
-trash pick up
-knitted sock and clothes
-raise money
-anything to help support the men
Government propaganda
-Committee of Public information (CPI)
--they issued pamphlet and films
Conservation
-food especially meat
13. Describe Wilson's 14 Points.
- Jan. 8, 1918.
- The Great War was being fought for a moral cause.
- Peace in Europe after the war.
- Point 1.
- An end to secret treaties.
- Point 2.
- Freedom of the seas. Anyone could trade with any country basically. It would stop ships from being sunk or stopped.
- Point 3.
- Free trade for all countries.
- Point 4.
- Disarmament. For all the countries, not just Germany. Reduce militaries.
- Point 5.
- End to colonial claims. Start giving away independence.
- Point 6.
- Self determination for all countries. Especially Russia. Be able to determine which type of gov't you'd have. (wilson meant democracy.)
- Point 7.
- ------ start up on monday.
14. Describe the points of the Treaty of Versailles.
15. Why did the US never pass the Treaty of Versailles?
16. Why did the Allied Powers win WWI?
17. Describe the impact WWI had on the world.
18. How did countries react to the Treaty of Versailles?
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