Friday, December 9, 2011

[0Philip]

Today we did presentations.

1. What were the causes of WWI in Europe?

• -Militarisism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism, and the assassination of Archduke Franz Fernandad

How it empacted world war 1:

• European countries wanted part of asia and most of Africa
• other places were high in demand as well
• Competition for land increased and desires for greater empires increased
• Disagreements pushed for war
• The want for colonies made revalries stronger, introducingmore coflicts

Militarism:

• Wanted to pretect empires and colonies
• Further national pride
• Tried to out-do each other
•      weapons, amount of men, etc.
• By 1914 most allied nations had strong, well built military
• Germany attempted to build a more stronger navy than Great Britain
• This caused Great Britain to ally itself with Russia and France

Nationalism:

• Austria-Hungary= one main focal points of nationalistic tendencies
• Almost 40 nationalities
•    important ones: Czech, Slovakia, Poles, and Slavs
• Austria and Hungary were the main power
• This caused resentment to other nationalities
• Resentment made nationalities want to break away from the Empire
• Russia was a Slavic nation
• Encouraged Slavs to break away from Austria-Hungarian Empire a few times
• Alliances:
• Great Britain
• France
• Russia

How it formed

• Germany refused to sign a peace treaty withe Russia, which in turn made Russia seek and alliance with France
• France around this same time was almost to war between Germany and another hostile European Central Power
• France needed an alliance and sekked it with Russia
• Theophile Delcasse was against German policy and hoped to become allies with Great Britain
• Great Britain and France made peace, and Great Britain made allies with France
• Great Britain made settling agreements with Russia
• The triple Entente was created to oppose the Triple Alliance

Triple Alliance

• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
• Italy

How it formed

• 1879 Otta van Bismark, ruler of New German Empire, made a Duel-Alliance with Austria-Hungary
• France made it so Italy couldn't advance forward by controlling Tunis
• This upset Italy
• Italy signed a secret treaty, becoming allies with Germany and Austria Hungary
• This formed the Triple Alliance

Allied Powers

• Japan
• United States
• Great Britain
• France Russia
• Czech
• Romania
• Greece
• Montenegro
• Belgium
• Serbia

Central Powers

• Germany
• Austria Hungary
• Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
• Kingdom of Bulgaria

France Ferdinand

• Born in Austria in 1863
• Father was Archduke Charles Louis
• Heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire
• Wasn't popular
• Considered prideful and mustrusting
• Married in 1900 to Sophie Chotek von Chotkova

France Ferdinand Assassination

• Was in teh capital of Austria, Serajevo
• Invited to inspect army manuevers
• Serbian group kown as the Black hands killed him on June 28 1914 while there
• Though he wasn't well liked, this was an excuse for Austria to go to war with Serbia
• Gavrillo Princip shot Ferdinand and Sophie

2. What were the major alliances of WWI?

• Japan
• United States
• Great Britain
• France Russia
• Czech
• Romania
• Greece
• Montenegro
• Belgium
• Serbia

Battle of the Somme:

• It was a plan by the British to inflict heavy losses to the German Army.
• To help out the French at Verdun.
• It started with a week long artillery bombardment at the Germans.
• 1,738,000 shells were fired at Germans.
• British and French vs Germany.
• So many died because the theory of attrition-you would eventually grind down your enemy and that they would have to yield.
• The inexperienced volunteer armies, mostly on the Germany side.
• The British and the French won in the Battle of Somme.
• The British and the French had advanced a thirty-mile strip that was seven miles deep at the most.

Battle of Ypres:

• Great Britain, French, Belgium vs Germany.
• Fought at Ypres due to the strategic positions.
• To the north of Ypres, canals and rivers links ypres to the ocean.
• All major roads converged at Ypres.
• Gives height advantages to whoever controlled it.
• Fighting was fierce and neither side could claim Ypres.
• Weather made fighting difficult.
• Germans attacked with deadly chlorine gas.
• Canadians used handkerchiefs soaked in water to protect themselves.
• Total deaths on both sides was 1,700,000.
• The allies won when the Americans joined in 1917.

5. What were some of the major naval battles of WWI?

The North Sea:

• Main body of naval war.
• Britain tried blocking Germany off from overseas trade and resources.
• The First Battle of Heligoland Bight.
• UK vs Germany. First naval battle of WW1.
• Strengths of UK-5 battle cruisers, 8 light cruisers, 33 destroyers and 8 submarines.
• Germany strengths-6 light cruisers, 19 torpedo boats, 12 mine sweeps and 16 destroyers.
• British Victory.
• Due to the German losses, the Wilham Kaiser orders the fleets to request permission before engaging in battle.

The Battle of Coronel:

• UK vs Germany.
• German Victory.
• The UK commander Rear-Admiral Sir Christopher Cradock was killed.

The Battle of the Falkland Islands:

• Britain vs Germany. British Victory.
• German commerce raiding on the high seas came to the end.

6. What were the US reactions to WWI starting in 1914?

• President Wilson wanted the United to stay neutral
• US entered war on April 6, 1917

7. What were the causes for US involvement in WWI?

• Lusitania was a british ocean liner 1 of 90 ships destroyed by the German U boats
• Zimmerman letter or whatever/February 1, 1917
• Crucial turning point in american history
• American Business

8. What were the major land battles for the US in WWI?

• Battle of Cantigny
• May 28-30, 1918
• The Somme Sector North of Paris
• United States, France vs. Germany
• First battle for the AEF
• Was the first US offensive and victory
• Third battle of Aisne
• May 27-June 6, 1918
• Aisne River near Paris, France
• France Britain US vs. Germany
• Germany won
• The battle of Belleau Wood
• June 1-26, 1918
• near Paris, France
• France, British, US vs. Germany
• John J. Pershing US
• Allies Won
• We took over Belleau wood a total of six times before Germans were finally expelled
• Battle of Le Hamel
• July 4, 1918
• Hamel, France
• Australia, USA, Britain vs. Germany
• Allies Won
• Successful to advance towards the Western Front
• Second Battle of Marne
• July 15-August 1918
• France, Britain, US, Italy vs. German Empire
• Allies won\
• Hundred Days Offensive
• August 8-November 11, 1918
• France, Britain Empire, Australia, Canada, India and others vs. German Empire and Austria-Hungary
• Allies won
• Collapsed the German Empire

9. What were the major military strategies for winning the war for both Allied and Central Powers?
10. What were some of the weapons of WWI?

• Weapons
• Rifle, Machine gun, Gas, Pistol, Boyonets, Zeppelin, Tank, Planes, Torpedoes, Grenades
• Rifle
• Most widely used
• Shoot up to 1400 meters
• Accuracy was only 600
• Machine Gun
• Kill people quickly
• other countries had to get new fighting strategies
• Ammunition was heavy to carry around
• Gun itself was big and heavy took several people to operate
• Bayonets
• Used for food for roasting animals and stuff
• Defensive Weapon
• Used with close combat
• Not everyone was well trained with it
• Risk getting shot
• not good range
• Gas
• Killed many people at once
• not as effective when they invented Gas Masks
• Grenades
• could kill people in large amounts
• just throw it in the trench
• Tiring to carry around
• Cant just carry 1
• Torpedoes
• Used by subs
• Used to blow up ships
• Zeppelin
• Air Ship
• Powerful Engines
• made from metal
• gasbags with helium
• Carried Weapons
• Abandoned quickly
• Planes
• Weapons could be delivered fast
• Spied on other people
• Could be shot down
• Air to Air combat
• Tanks
• Used for the first time in WW1
• needed three
• Max speed 3mph
• couldn't go over trenches
• Newer tanks were made at the end of the war

11. Describe trench warfare.

• the opposing forces attack and counterattack from a relatively permanent system of trenches protected by barbed wire entanglement
• Problems
• Rat problems 1 pair =900 offspring
• Smell of rotting bodies
• Trench fever caused by lice
• Death
• Trench foot
• Frogs
• Many more.....

12. Describe what happened on the US Home Front in WW1?
13. Describe Wilson's 14 Points.
14. Describe the points of the Treaty of Versailles.

15. Why did the US never pass the Treaty of Versailles?
16. Why did the Allied Powers win WWI?

17. Describe the impact WWI had on the world.

18. How did countries react to the Treaty of Versailles?