Friday, December 9, 2011

[6Haleyy(:]

Took tests
1. What were the causes of WWI in Europe?
Mutual Defense Alliances
Imperialism- Britain had colonies expanded over 5 continents.
wanted parts of Africa because of natural resources.
Militarism- competition over Britain and Germany
Nationalism- Slavic people wanted to be a part of Bosnia.
other countries there was hostility contribute to war.
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand- June 28, 1914 killed by assassins

2. What were the major alliances of WWI?
Central- Austria Hungarian, Ottoman, and German empire
Allied- Britain, US, France, Russia Italy, Belgium.

3. What were the goals of WWI for all the major countries involved?
Germany
Austro-Hungarian's goals were Control Serbia, Control the Ottoman Empir, Defended Italy
French goals
1. Avenge previous Military defeats
2. Cripple German Industrial Capacity
3. Became the Dominate conteinertal power
Great Britian
1. Maintain Superpower status, as #1 Nation in the world
2. abate the german threat
3. Protect Belgium and France
Italy goals
1. Take over Germany's colonies in Africa
2. Divert attention form Domestic Issues
Russia's goals
1. Eliminate Germany
2. Gain control of the Bosphorus

4. What were some of the major land battles prior to US involvement-1914-March, 1917?
Battle of Guise
- The battle of Guise was also reffered to as the battle of Guise- St. Quentin
- The battle of Guise was launched by French General Charlas Lanrezac's Fifith Army
- The battle took place on 8/29/1914.

Battle of Cambrai
- I the battle of Cambrai tanks were first used
- Tanks became popular after this war
- The German tank became late in the war
-Between Germany and Great Britian

First Battle of Champagne in 1914
- The French Commander in Cheif was determined to win the war quickly
- In the lack of success in the trenches began the launch of major offensive extending along the whole line from Nieuport to Verdun.

Battle of Mulhouse in 1914
- Thus battle was on August 7, 1914
- Which started a straegies of plan 17 this came from the French.
- Th french are really good at there battle tactics
-Between Germany and France

Battle of Verdun
- Britian was the Germans biggest competition
- France was Britians greatest ally
- So if the french were defeated the British would be defeated as well
- General Von Falkenhayn believed these forts had sentimed valie to the French
- They would fight to the last man. He wanted to bleed france whites
- The battle started on feb 11 1916
- Was started by the French
- Henri- Philippe Petain- French General
- Ended December 19, 1916
- Was one of the legnthiest battles
- Casulties
- 542,000- 400,000
- out of that number 163,000 died
-Casulties Germans
- 434,000- 355,000
- 143,000 died
-French were victorious to the battle of Verdun
Battle of Liege
- 1st battle of WWI
- Commanded by Karl Von Bulow the Liege in Berlium
- Germany's 2nd army of 320,000 men
- to get france
- attack started on August 5, 1914


Battle of Somme
- Statrted on July 1st 1916 to november
- It was planned by the britsh to inflict heavy losses to the German army
- to help out the French at Verndun
- Genereal for the British was Douglas Haig
- Gernerals for the Germans were Max Von Galwitz and fritz von Below
-It started with a week long artillery bombardment at the Germans. 1,738,000 shells were fired at Germans
- British had 420,000 casualties
-60,000 on the first day and had 200,000
-The british and the French were victorious in the battle of the Somme

Battle of Ypers
- started october 19, 1914- November 22, 1914
- Great Britian, France and Beligium vs Germany
- Stratigic position
- to the north of Ypers, canals and rivers link ypers to the ocean
- All major roads converged at ypers
- fighting was fierce and neither side could claim ypers
-weather made fighting difficult because of all the mud
- Candians used hankerchiefs soaked in water to protect themselves
- Casulties- Total deaths on both sides was 1,700,000
- The allies won when th Amricans joined in 1917
- The last shot was fired on October 14, 1918


5. What were some of the major naval battles of WWI?
-There was a lot of battles in the North Sea
- Britian tried blocking Germany off from overseas trade and recourses
- The first battle was the Helioland Bight on August 28,1914
- UK vs Germany
Uk had 5 battle Cruisers
8 light cruisers
33 destroyers
8 subermines
Germany had 6 light cruisers
19 torpedo boats
12 mine sweaps

Battle of Coronel
- November 1, 1914
- UK VS Germany

Battle of Falkland Islands
- Britian Vs Germany
-British won


6. What were the US reactions to WWI starting in 1914?
-Woodrow Wilson wanted the united states to remain neutral in this conflict.
- Lusitania attacked the german u- Boat and 1200 were killed - 128 were Americans
- Arthur Zimmerman note sent out on January 16, 1917
- sent to Germans Secretary Arthur Zimmerman to Mexico
- Mexico regained land

7. What were the causes for US involvement in WWI?
- the battle of Cantigny

- May 28-30, 1918
-The somme Sector, North of Paris
- United states, France, and Germany
- The first vitory US offensive and Germany.

The Third Battle of Aisne
- Battle of the German Spring Offensive
- May 27- June 6, 1918
- Aisne River near Paris, France
- France, Britian, Germany, and the US
- Denis Auguste Duchene, ALexander Hamilton- gordon


8. What were the major land battles for the US in WWI?


9. What were the major military strategies for winning the war for both Allied and Central Powers?
- The main idea of the plan was to win a 2 front war by first quickly defeating France in the west, and then turn east to fight Russia.
- The plan scheldiled 39 days for the fall of Paris and 42 for the Capitulation of France
- They must do this before th Russian Steamroller mobilise and desiend upon East Pruissa, so they had time to rurn around.
- The Schileffen ended up falling because Germany's right flank of German soilders advanced too quick leavimg the supplies too far behind.
- They were also slowed down by the British because the British had promised to keep Belguim meutral and safe.
-One of the major drawbacks of the Schulieffen Plan was that it called for the invasion of nuetral states in orer to pass German troops to France
- General joseph Joffre presented plan 17 in 1913
- When germany had to declare war in 1914
-battle of Mulhouse (7-10 august 1914)
- Battle of Lorriaine( 14-25 august 1914)

Plan G
- Russia had put together 2 different plans for WW1 which were Plan G, and Plan A aka plan 19
- Plan G was madein case Germany would do an all out attack aganist Russia, which was the exact opposite of what actually happened,

Plan 19
-
10. What were some of the weapons of WWI?

11. Describe trench warfare.
- Smell of rotting bodies
- rat problems
- trench fever caused by line
- death
-Trench foot
- lesd drastic
- Russia's partners wanted them to have more of an offensive war stragegy
- Was made by general Danllov greatly modified in 1912 and if Germany didn't attack the French first this would've have worked
- Russia armies went east Prussia and to Silesia en route
- All the military personnel equipment and Weaponry, medical staff, support and maintence supplies, was sent to the western front bu President Wilson
- The american troops were called doughboys

Plan B&R
- Russia Astria- Hungary had developed two different plan.
- Plan R ended up failing because the Central powers ended up losing the war.
- They choose plan R mostly because the king of Astria was killed.

United Kingdom
- Britian didn't want the war tp break out because they had no reason for expending their country
- Britian didn't devise a plan like france, Russia, Austia- Hungary, Germany, USA
- In absence of a conscripted army, the British Expeditionry Force, was going to transported


12. Describe what happened on the US Home Front in WWI.


13. Describe Wilson's 14 Points.


14. Describe the points of the Treaty of Versailles.

15. Why did the US never pass the Treaty of Versailles?


16. Why did the Allied Powers win WWI?



17. Describe the impact WWI had on the world.



18. How did countries react to the Treaty of Versailles?