Friday, December 7, 2012

Tang and Song Weaponry and Army

  • Tang Military
    • was strong
    • Militiamen were between 21 and 60 yrs old
    • based on a fubing system - a local militia system that could be mobilized quickly in times of war
    • fielded 634 units called Zhechongfu
      • consisted of 800 to 1200 men
      • each was divided into sub units - tuan of 300 men, dui of 50 men, and huo 10 men
    • central military didn't last long - when Fanzhen, a local general became dominant
  • Tang Weapons
    • offense
      • throwing dagger
      • bow and arrow
      • sword
      • pike
    • Defense
      • armor made of iron and is sharp can be weapon
      • shield can defend against any weapon
  • Song Military and Methods of Warfare
    • organized to ensure that the army couldn't threaten imperial control
    • the imperial army was divided among three marshals each independently responsible to the emperor
    • military strategies and military training were treated as science that could be studied and perfected
  • Song weapons
    • knife chariot
    • rammer
    • repeating crossbow
    • stone casting machine
    • iron sword
    • scaling ladder
    • flame ejector
    • boats
    • warships
    • catapults with fireballs
  • Important people of Song
    • Zhao Kuangyin was the founder of the North Song Dynasty, also a military leader
    • South was founded by Zhao Gou who was the song of Kuangyin, founded this after the Jin conquered the North

Agriculture and Trade

  • Tang Ag
    • made great advancements
      • underground wells for better irrigations
      • made lightweight pump to take water to farm land from far away water sources
    • each peasant was given an equal amount of land under the JunTian Zhi ( the equal land system)
  • New Techniquies
    • heavy iron plow
    • harness oxen and water buffalo
    • enriched soil with manure and compost
    • expanded food supply
    • improved irrigation systems
      • reservoirs
      • dikes
      • dams
      • pumps
      • water wheels
  • Tang Trade
    • was a period of expansion, especially in trading with foreign lands
    • caravan routes traveled as far as Syria for items ranging from glassware and tapestries to jasmine and other exotic herbs
    • the silk trade in Tang Dynasty was prospering and reached an unprecedented level
    • they used the silk road as a trade route
    • improved and expanded the Grand Canal with allowed Chinese to move crops and goods farther distances
    • used coins as currency
  • Song Ag
    • there were many ag advancements in this time
    • rice was improved by cultivation
    • early ripening rice allowed for peasants to grow two or three crops annulally
    • they imported rice from Vietnam
    • ag tools were being better developed
  • Importance
    • Chan was growing so fast especially cities
    • this expanded the food supply
    • without the rice China could not be fed
    • the Song Dynasty was twice the size of Tang - 100 million people
  • Song Trade
    • Trade between the Song Dynasty and its northern neighbors was stimulated by the payments Song made to them
    • their major exports are silk, porcelain, and tea
    • set up supervised markets along the border to encourage this trade
    • goods that flowed north in large quantities included tea, silk, copper coins, paper, printed books, porcelain, lacquer ware, jewelry, rice, ginger, spices
    • traders used China's river to ship goods on barges and ships
    • traded gunpowder
    • trade grew so rapidly during the Tang and Song era that copper coin shortages developed
    • this led to paper money being invented
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