We AGAIN continued the powerpoint.......
US Homefront:-- what people are doing at home to help with the war
1. Selective Training and Service Ac
-1940; Roosevelt and Congress passed it in 1940; (drafting); First peacetime draft in US history; Used until 1973 to fill military needs; After 1973, US military depended on volunteers to fill needs
2. Women's role in WWII:
--Rosie the Riveter-represented women workers in WWII, was the poster child for women who worked in factories--it really helped open up their rights--many women became nurses to help soldiers in the world...women would work as secretaries (would type up the letters to sent to families saying that "so and so" had died..women were also needed as: waitresses, time keepers, elevator operators, teachers, conductors, etc. Women were very vital in the war effort..women did not fight in the war..the Women's army corps did typing and desk jobs...--they made maps, developing pictures...WAVES-Women's Navy:each branch had their own version for military; WASP-Woment's Arm Service Pilots (test drive planes and get them from point A to point B)..."Tokyo Rose" (Iva Toguri)--forced to broadcast propaganda to the Allied troops for Japan; in these radio programs, she taunted the troops and played music from home; she was a US citizen in Japan; convicted of treason-she tried to demoralize our troops...
3. African-American's role in WWII:
--African Americans were discriminated against, during WWII they were segregated as well as other races--they worked in factories if they didn't fight..otherwise they did fight in the war by being pilots......minorities played a significant role during WWII--they did everything that you would expect while still being discriminated against...The Tuskegee group helped fight
4. Asian's role in WWII:
They faced discrimination more than Blacks ever did. They fought in war, worked in factories ,and were pilots.
5. Hollywood's role in WWII:
Tried to get people to do their part in the war. Made a lot of movies about WWII. Bob Hope and the USO Tour was a comedian and they went over a entertained to troops. Singers and dancers also intertained the troops. Kilroy was here showed up everywhere. Its also showed up in other countries but with other names.
6. Office of Price Administration:
-OPA was set up in 1941 to deal with rationing of goods and price controls. Food rationing included restrictions on on sugar and meat. Gasoline was rationed to 5 gallons a week. Cars had certain stickers so people would know how many gallons each car could get. With rationing came lines people had to be patient they had to wait because they was such a limited amount of food.
7. War Production Board
8. National War Labor Board
- When the government comes together they join together to get the job done.
9. Why the Homefront helped win the war
10. How US/Allies fought back against U-boats:
Germany was sinking over a thousand ships. It was making it difficult for us to get things to Great Britian. Speed was important to be able to outrun a U boat attack. There were German people in France that were sending messages to the the U boats so we were able to intercept that information. This gave us a huge advantage to try and intercept there radio messages to figure out where they were located. We traveled in large groups so it was harder for the U boats to sink us.
11. Intelligence gathering--Ultra/Magic:
We knew what the enemy was doing. Huff duff allowed us to detect submarines underneath us. So we knew if they were coming after us from underneath. RADAR helped us detect vessels and aircraft above the surface. We found their book so we were able to decipher their military code that why we won. We knew what they were going to do. The enigma machine put what they said into code. Germany never found out that we were intercepting there messages and deciphering them. The bombe was the machine that translated the Germans codes into things we could understand. Depth charges were bombs that were sent under water mainly used to attack submarines.
12. Operation Barborossa(USSR vs Germany)
Great Britian was being bombed every night by Germany and the Soviet Union. Hitler invaded the the soviet union because of Lebensraum. He hated the slovs and hated the communists/ jews. Hated the government. Hilter wanted the oilfields in the Cauasus moutains. Stalin and Hitler did not trust each other. Stalin said war with Germany was inevitable ( it was going to happen) Operation Barborossa was the hugest land war ever, lost huge amount of casualities. June 22nd 1941 was when Germany attacked the SU. By the end of the Barborossa war 4 million men had died. German Wehrmacht Army: Army Group North whose main goal was leningrad. Amry Group south was stalingraud, and Army group centre was Moscow. Taking these cities over was their goal. The Germans were not prepared for the winter, the soviets had a big advantage because they were used to the cold weather. Hitler fired his commander in cheif of the miltary because he was mad that Germany didnt take over Moscow. He made all military decisions himself afterwards.
--The siege of Leningrad: They surround the area they want to take over and start bombing them and firing at the city. One of the most distructive sieges in history..reports of cannalbilsim were reported because they were starving in Leningrad. The germans ended up taking for Leningrad but it was one of the most costly conflicts Russia ever faced.
Red Army: 1,017,881 killed, captured, or missing
2,418,185 wounded and sick
13. Battle in Africa and Italy :
We went up against the Desert Fox he was one of the greatest generals in Germany. Patton (US) was the one of the major generals that faught in Africa. Africa was ultimatley tank battles because of the flat ground. We took them down quickly. Fighting in the mountains of Italy was tough because it was hard to move around.
14. US Generals-
Marshall, Eisenhower, Patton, MacArthur, Nimitz, Bradley
Georger C. Marshall-Cheirf of Staff of the US Military during WWII. Head of everyone except the president.
15. D-Day-Operation Overlord:
Africa was where started. On June 6th 1944 we invaded France. We threw out information because we wanted hitler to know what we were going to do. To make them think where we were going to attack but that wasnt the case. Dwight Eisenhower was the leader in d-day. This was operation overlord. It was the allied invasion of nazi controlled France. We went in airbourne. Then there was an amphibious landing of allied infantry and armored divisions on the coast of France starting at 6:30 a.m. There were also decoy operations to distract the german forces from the real landing areas. The atlantic wall was an extensive system of coastal fortifications built by nazi germany along the western coast of Europe.
16. Battle of the Bulge
Hitlers last attempt to take France. 100,000 german casualties including 23,554 captured 19,000 killed. 81,000 American casualties. 800 tanks were lost on each side. Hitler commits suicide. He and his wife took cianide or some type of poison. Eva Braun was Hitlers wife.
17. FDR Dies-Truman takes over
FDR died of a brain malfunction..
18. VE Day
May 8th 1945
19. Battle in the Pacific-
Island Hopping, Philippines, Coral Sea, Midway, Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima, Okinawa.. island hopping is where you jump little islands to get to the major islands. Eventually the little islands have to surrender because their supplie lines are being cut off. The Japanese fought to the end. We eventually had to invade Japan, but we found out that their would be 1 million casualites lost from the allies if we invaded Japans homeland. We have the A bomb for a defensive weapon to keep other countries from invading us. The Phillipines had been an American economy since we took over the Phillipines from the spanish. Japan took it over eventually. The Baaton Death march: 60 mile death march, 6000 and 11000 men died ( closer to 20,000) Due to this the Japanese faced war crimes after the war was over. May 30th 2009 Japan officially apologized for what happened on the Bataan death March. The men were treated terribly basically murdered.
20. Navajo Code Talkers
They were a big reason why we won the war. They were responsible for taking our military information over the radio and turning it into code. This made it so Germany didnt know what we up to. The wind talkers did not like their jobs. If they were caught the Japanese were said to kill them.
21. Doolittle's Raid
FDR wanted to attack Japan quickly. But militarily it wouldnt make any difference. The japanese were invulnurable an attack on the homeland would cause confusion in the minds of the Japanese people it was for physicoligcal reasons.. Doolittles Raid was a great moral boost for us. Battle of Coral Sea: It was a major naval battle between the Japanese Navy and allied naval carriers from the US and Australia, was the 1st battle in which aircraft carriers engaged each other..Admiral Chester Nimitz was US general. Battle of Midway: most important naval against Japan. Fought between June 4-7 1942. Japanese aimed to eliminate the US as a stragetic power in the Pacific and believed a victory at Midway island would do just that. US navy decisively defeated the Japanese navy attack against Midway island..
The japanese never recovered from this battle they suffered from many losses.. The Guadalcanal campaign was fought between August 7th 1942 and feb. 9th 1943 in Solomon Island Archipelago. The Guadalcanal campaign was a significant stragetic victory by the allied forces over the Japanese in the Pacific theatre. MacArthur eventually returned to the Phillipines. We eventually moved in to bomb Iwo Jima it was important for us to conquer this island so we could use the island as a base to bomb Japan. 6,821 US men died on Iwo Jima..
22. Manhattan Project : J Robert Oppenheimer was the guy that designed the A bomb. He was communist so they watched him closely..We did not use the A bomb against germany because it wasnt ready yet. They had to make a special plane that was able to hold the A bomb which was the Enola Gay. "Little boy" was the bomb that was used on Hiroshima..
23. Hiroshima bombing :
First city that we hit with the A bomb. We were hoping to get Japan to surendder but they didnt so we hit them again in Nagasaki.
24. Nagasaki bombing-
We hit Japan again they surrender
25. VJ Day :
August 14th 1945 Japans emperer got on the radio and said that Japan was surrendering..
26. Yalta Conference:
This set the stage for what would happen to Germany after the war..Germany would be broken down into 4 zones. Stalin promised free elections in Eastern Europe this was a lie he made everyone become communist.. Stalin promised to join the war against Japan after war with Germany was over. Have a conferance at San Francisco to set the US..
27. Nuremburg Trials
These were where the Nazi war crimes took place for the Holocaust. GI Bill of rights is to help memebers of the Armed Forces to adjust to civilian life after seperation from service.
28. Japanese Internment Camps in US
Camps set up in the US because we didnt trust them. We didnt want them to start attacking us in our own country..
29. Why did the Allies win WWII--the women were the ones who made our weapons..so we had more weapons than other countries.--Henry Kaiser (owner of a ship building company)--by the end of the war, we were making more ships and everything else (war goods) than any of the other countries combined...Hollywood in WWII: Looney Tunes, Walt Disney movies--they made propaganda films and helped to get people to buy war bonds and boost moral...
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