US Homefront:
helped win the war by making things for our troops so they had supplies to use.
1. Selective Training and Service Act
1940- first peacetime draft in US history. used until 1973 to fulfill military needs
after 1973, the US military depended on volunteers to fill needs
2. Women's role in WWII
Rosie the Riveter-woman on the poster representing women workers in WWII
women worked in factories: concerns they had-getting muscles, breaking nails, getting dirty
became nurses and nursed men who had been hurt in the war
women stenographers, farm workers, sales people, waitresses, bus drivers, taxi drivers, time keepers, elevator operators, messengers, laundresses, teachers, conductors
army- womens army corp (WAC) didnt fight, typing, filing, photography "women's work"
navy- waves (women's navy) once again, no fighting.. telephone operators, secretary work
airforce- WASP women's army service pilots.. test planes, transport planes from point a to point b.
■"Tokyo Rose" Iva Toguri: forced to broadcast propaganda to the allied troops for Japan. in these radio programs, she taunted the troops and played music from home. she was a US citizen in Japan and was convicted of treason for this.
3. African-American's role in WWII
Tuskegee Institute-all black college that trained AAs to be pilots for bombing raids. (bombed italy and german)
4. Asian's role in WWII
everything a white person did, but were discriminated against.
5. Hollywood's role in WWII
entertained troops
put out propaganda films trying to get people to hate the axis powers/get people to buy war bonds
6. Office of Price Administration
deals with price controls & rationing.. food, gas, clothing.. etc
gas- 5 gallons of gas/week.. half of americans recieved 4 gallons of gas/week and they were given an A sticker
The other half of automobiles were issued a B sticker or C sticker, which was given to people with vital occupations such as doctors
Truckers had a sticker for unlimited amounts
black market for stickers because people needed things and were being denied them by the government
original books contained 28 stamps/book.. also not allowed to give away your war ration stamps
7. War Production Board
encouraged home front to make things as effectively and efficiently as they could-pretty successful
8. National War Labor Board
tried to make sure owners and workers got along.. the government really didn't want any strikes to go on during the war times
9. Why the Homefront helped win the war
helped by making supplies/other items for troops
and all the organizations listed above.
10. How US/Allies fought back against U-boats
speed- faster ships that can outrun and out manuvure the u-boats.
radars to detect where the u-boats were at
convoy system-ships traveling in large numbers
Hunter-Killers
11. Intelligence gathering--Ultra/Magic
intercepting and deciphering enemy messages to know where the u-boats were and how to avoid them
US & GB shared info from new developed technologies like Radar and High Frequency Radio Direction Finding
RADAR detected vessels and aircraft above the surface
HF/DF was used to locate sources of radio transmisions such as submarines
ULTRA- deciphering German code
MAGIC- deciphering Japanese code
Enigma was a system in which Germany transferred their info through codes. solving the enigma system was one of the great Allied triumphs of WWII. The Bombe machine is the machine that cracked the Enigma system.
12. Operation Barborossa(USSR vs Germany)
Hitler invaded the SU because of
■Lebensraum
■despised ethnic Slavs
■wanted Ukraine for farmland
■could use the people as slave labor
■the defeat of USSR would isolate the Allies
■wanted oilfields in the mountains
■didn't trust Stalin
■western front fighting was over (except for Great Britain)
13. Battle in Africa and Italy
Operation Torch: British-American invasion of french north africa (Morocco) started November 8
by mid 1943, we had defeated the Germans, Italians and the Vichy French
Casablance Conference- "unconditional surrender" ..we were not going to make any deals with Germany.
italy
to take over italy, we first had to invade sicily. we then used it as a base from which to launch our attacks.
then we move into mainland italy. italy's mountainous terrain made it difficult to fight.
14. US Generals-Marshall, Eisenhower, Patton, MacArthur, Nimitz, Bradley
Admiral Chester Nimitz- leader of the navy.
15. D-Day-Operation Overlord (codename)
**June 6, 1944. one of the last days with a full moon, which they needed so they could see.
d-day stands for day day... the day of days- the day everything's "going down"
allied invasion of nazi controlled france. the assault was conducted in 2 phases.
1. airborne assault. 24,000 British, American, Canadian, Free French troops landed
2. amphibious landing of Allied infantry on the coast of France starting at 6:30 am
-there were also some decoy operations to distract the German forces from the real landing areas
-operation was the largest amphibious invasion in world history with over 160,000 troops.
roughly 10,000 casualties (6,600 US)
OMaha Beach, Utah Beach, Cotentin Peninsula- places US attacked.
Isenhower, Patton and Bradley-famous WWII generals. Isenhower was in charge of all of them.
MacArthur was in the Phillipines and things got bad, so Roosevelt had to order him to go to Australia. Australia became the operation base for different allied countries. He vowed to return to the Phillipines, and two years later, he did.
16. Battle of the Bulge
US is very close in taking over Germany. Hitler knew this so his goal was to push the forces out to the sea and make them surrender. this was a huge undertaking.
coldest, snowiest weather on record for this battle.
over a million men took part in this
this was pretty much the last effort for Germany.
Malmedy Massacre, where 86 American soldiers were murdered by German soldiers.
this was the battle we had the most casualties in.
Hitler commits suicide. he marries his longtime love, Eva Braun. takes some pills and shoots himself in the head just to be sure. he ordered his bodyguards to burn his body so the Russians couldn't do anything with it.
17. FDR Dies-Truman takes over
18. VE Day
May 8, 1945. Victory in Europe
19. Battle in the Pacific-Island Hopping, Philippines, Coral Sea, Midway, Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima, Okinawa,
island hopping--invade important islands, skip less important islands.. then the less important islands will eventually be cut off from supply lines and have no choice but to surrender. -this saves time, money and lives
Phillipines were also bombed December 7, 1941.. and were taken over by Japan. we freed them by 1945
Battle of Leyte Gulf -a gulf in the Phillipines. this is where we reallly destroyed the Japanese navy. (october of 1945, so after battle of midway)
Bataan Death March was in May/April of 1942 and it was the worst thing that happened to US soldiers during this war. POWs had to march to a new POW camp. physical abuse and murder of Filipino and American POWs. 6,000-11,000 men died. due to this, Japanese officials faced war crime trials after the war.
on May 30, 2009, the Japanese ambassador to the US apologized on behalf of the Japanese government.
Battle of Coral Sea. fought from May 4-8, 1942. between Japanese, Allied naval and air forces, US and Australia. the ships didn't fight, it was the airplanes.
we stopped the japanese from invading australia
Battle of Midway- turning point for Japan. fought to eliminate the US as a strategic power in the Pacific and believed a victory at Midway Island would do just that. US navy decisively defeated the Japanese navy. they suffered heavy losses and never recovered from this battle. Magic played a vital role in the Allied victory.
Guadalcanal-victory for the US. first time we really went on the offensive with Japan.. marked a change in our strategic from defensive to offensive.
Iow Jima- Japanese island that we took over
Okinawa- at this point, we are bombing Japan heavily. almost every major city in Japan had been destroyed.
20. Navajo Code Talkers
could never be deciphered by the Japanese. really helped us win the war
21. Doolittle's Raid
Bombing of Japan. they had to take off on ships, so it was very challenging because there wasn't very much room and bomber planes are heavier. we had to accomplish this on an aircraft carrier because there wasn't any land near Japan we could use to take off from.
REASON: it would confuse japanese people because their leaders had told them they were invulnerable, so then they woulddoubt the reliability of their leaders. the second reason was because it was a morale boost for Americans.
The bombers were too heavy, so they stripped them WAY down so they were able to take off.
22. Manhattan Project
-codename of the atomic bomb. leslie groves was the person in charge of this operation-he wasn't excited about it at first, he wanted to be fighting, but when he saw what the bomb did, it made him feel better.
-J. Robert Oppenheimer was the scientist in charge of creating the atomic bomb.
-we tested the bomb in Alamogordo, New Mexico.. baren wasteland
after successful testing, the Enola Gay, the plane that dropped the bomb,
Paul Tibbits was the head pilot for this operation.
23. Hiroshima bombing
"little boy" ..less powerful bomb than the nagasaki bomb.
targeted a t-shaped bridge
veryyy destructive.
result=radiation sickness :/
24. Nagasaki bombing
Japan did not surrender, so here comes round 2.
platonium bomb "fat man"
plane was named Bockscar
better pictures taken of this one (better documented)
even though this was a bigger/more destructive bomb, it did less damage than hiroshima because there were mountains surrounding Nagasaki.
25. VJ Day
Japan surrenders, thus ending WWII. August 14, 1945
26. Yalta Conference
Winston Churchill, FDR, and Stalin (big 3)
dealt with post war europe. (feb of 1945 so before anyone surrendered)
- split germany into 4 occupation zones (US, GB, France, USSR) eventually, US, GB and France's land became West Germany. USSR became East Germany
- Stalin promised free elections in Easter Europe
- Stalin also promised to join the war against Japan after war with Germany was over
- Have a conference in San Fransisco to set up the United Nations
27. Nuremburg Trials
war crimes trial for all the Nazi criminals that were pretty high up in the military
Hermann Goering (leader of Germany after hitler) killed himself in the cell he was confined to.
GI bill of rights-to help the members of the Armed Forces adjust to civilian life after separation from service. helped veterans get jobs, get higher education, and other things to help them adjust.
28. Japanese Internment Camps in US
forced Japanes americans to sell almost everything and move to internment camps.
government told them it was for their safety, but it was just because we didnt trust them.
it was not a death camp, they still were allowed to work, play games, and that kind of thing, they were just isolated.
29. Why did we win WWII?
people like Henry Kaiser.. who are the people who had factories and used it to make all the "stuff" we needed for the war.
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