Mr. Bruns today mentioned how our tests are going to start late next week.
Cold War Project topic for me is 14. Effects of the Soviet's invasion of Afghanistan-
This project will be a completely individual project using Powerpoint or other presentation software and will serve as the final live presentation of the year. Due to this fact and the fact that we have worked very hard in trying to make you better researchers and presenters, this project will be worth 200 points. The attached rubric will used which is the same as the one used in the last several projects.
*If you are unsure of what you should research for your topic, see or email me sooner rather than later.
We are going over his powerpoint today! Also, Mr. Bruns is going over our Cold War Project. We need 3 sources at least. 200 points. my topic for the cold war project is (14. Effects of the Soviet's invasion of Afghanistan-)
US Homefront:
Henry Kaiser-had factories that pumped out alot of goods.
1. Selective Training and Service Act
First peacetime draft in US History. Used until 1973 to fill military needs. After that, the military depended on volunteers to fill needs.
2. Women's role in WWII
Women worked in factories and took over men's jobs while they were at war. The "We can do it" is what women said. (Rosie the Riveter) -she represented women workers in WW2. They didnt want to become manly by getting dirty or muscular arms. NURSING is a big job women did to take care of guys that were hurt. Secretaries was a typical women job, but needed more. Womean were NEEDED to win the war because they worked. (salespeople,teachers,contractors..etc.)
Army had the WAC (womens army corps.) army would have this.
"Grow your own, can your own."
Coming out of the great depression, rationing wasnt hard. But rich families had to use the black market.
WAVES-women's navy. (join the waves)
WASP-women's army service pilots
"Tokyo Rose"-forced to broadcast propoganda to allied troops for Japan. Radio would play this women to make guys homesick. She would play music about missing your husband or dad so they wouldnt fight as well.
3. African-American's role in WWII
Significant role in WW2. Fought in front lines, flew airplanes,they did everything a white person would do in WW2 but in a discriminated fashion.
Tuskegee Airmen bombed Italy
4. Asian's role in WWII
Did everything a white person did but they were discriminated against.
5. Hollywood's role in WWII
significant role:
1.Entertained troops overseas.
2. Put out propaganda films to make us hate germans and that we are strong and unbeatable people.
3. War bonds, (has to do with propaganda.)
(USO) United Service Org. would send people overseas for entertainment for the troops.(Bob Hope.)
Bing Crosby was a singer of that time, John Wayne did movies and westerns.
Kilroy worked and put his symbol "Kilroy was here" on ships.
6. Office of Price Administration
OPA was made in 1941 to administer price controls. 8000 rationing boards were created with volunteers. There was restrictions on sugar and meat (horse meat was not rationed), clothing such as silk and nylon. Automobiles had either an A sticker,B (allowance for war workers) or C sticker (vital occupation such as a doctor). If had an A sticker, they cuold get 4 gallons per week. Truckers had a T sticker for unlimited amounts.
Fake stickers were made(Black Market). Convictions to 1300 people for this,arrests, and closed down gas stations.
Adults and children would get a ration book usually containing 28 war ration stamps. People stook in lines for sugar.
7. War Production Board
Work hard at work, production wins the war. Successful.
8. National War Labor Board
Made sure owners and workers got along with eachother to win the war.
9. Why the Homefront helped win the war
We made stuff for the war (women did), hollywood kept us entertained, war labor board,war production board, and so on...
10. How US/Allies fought back against U-boats
We built faster ships to outride them(speed.)
The Convoy System-ships traveling in large numbers. Germany started a convoy system called wolf packs.
11. Intelligence gathering--Ultra/Magic
RADAR(Detecting vessels and aircraft above the surface) and high frequency Radio Direction Finding or "Huff Duff"(used to locate sources of enemy radio transmissions such as submarines.)
code name given to German(ULTRA) and japanese(MAGIC.) By using ULTRA we could figure out where U-boats were going to be. Battle of Midway was our first victory and a big loss for japan. We knew where they were through MAGIC.
Enigma is a system in which Germany transferred their information through codes. ULTRA was the code name for doing this action.
Hunter-Killer aircraft
12. Operation Barborossa(USSR vs Germany)
Hitler decided to invade Soviet Union becuase of lebensraum(living space), he wanted farmland in Ukraine, could use the people for slave labor, he didn't like ethnic Slavs ruled by their "Jewish Communist" masters, he wanted oilfieds. Greatest land war in recorded history. Hitler wanted to take over Soviet Union more than anything else. Hitler's advisors said we shouldnt do this... but if we do we should do it quickly. Hitler wanted it done in six months but didnt happen. It happened in the summer of 1941.
German Army split in Soviet Union: Army group north in leningrad: Army group centre in Moscow: Army group south for Stalingrad, caucasus mountains, and Rostov, and Crimean Peninsula.
Battle of Stalingrad-after 90% of the city controlled, soviets were able to finally to push back. This took place in November of 1942. Germany never got all of Stalingrad.only 90% of it.
Battle of Moscow-October 1941-January 1942. German advance on Moscow was very close to achieving his goals. The winter months helped the Soviets out alot. Soviets were going to win, it was just a matter of time. Hitler believed Moscow would lead to the collapse of the country. Soviets pushed back Germany when Germany was only 12 miles away! Hitler was very mad that he did not get Moscow, so he blamed it on the commander-in-chief and dismissed him. Hitler then took charge of Wehrmacht (German Army.) This lead many German officers to go against Hitler. Hitler surrounded himself with officers with little or no experience so that they would not question Hitler's plans or know anything abour anything.
Siege of Leningrad-(surrounding leningrad to take over. Like a bombardment.) Took place in 1941 and ended in 1944. One of the longest, destructive in history. Also, most costly in terms of casualties. Hitler did not want to feed people. Reports of cannibalism!-after all birds, rats, and pets were eaten by survivors. Hungry gangs attacked and ate defenseless people. A police force formed a special unit to combat cannibalism. Leningrad pushed back finally and Germany never got leningrad.
13. Battle in Africa and Italy
Erwin Rommel-(The Desert Fox)-general-he always outmanuevered the enemy. He eventually was killed by the Nazis. He was the best general of Germany.
Bernard went after Rommel.
George Patten-general for united states. known for treating his soldiers rough. Patten goes after Rommel.
Operation Torch- British-American invasion of French North Africa on November 8, 1942. By mid 1943, we had defeated Germans, Italians and Vichy France. Before our invasion of Morraco, there was a Casablanca Conference-"Unconditional Surrender"(a long hard attack.) Next we attacked Italy...we took Sicily then we fought in Italy's Appenine Mountains. (took a long time to fight Italy, about 2-3 years.)
14. US Generals-Marshall, Eisenhower, Patton, MacArthur, Nimitz, Bradley
Marshall is chief of staff of US military during WW2.Dwight Eisenhower was the main general in charge. Eisenhower was boss of Patton and Bradley. All famous WW2 generals.
Nimitz-admiral of U.S. navy.
15. D-Day-Operation Overlord
June 6, 1944.
Stands for Day of Days. Largest invasion in world history with over 160,000 troops. Allied invasion of Nazi controlled France. Was conducted in two phases.
1. Airborne assault landing of 24,000 British, American, Canadian, and Free french airborne troops after midnight.
2.LAnding of Allied infantry and armored divisions on the coast of France at 6:30A.M.
The Atlantic Wall-system of coastal fortifications built by Nazi Germany. Built for defense.
Omaha Beach was a high ground
16. Battle of the Bulge
1944-1945. cold, snowy weather. Over a million men fought in this. German and American Battle. Worst battle in terms of losses. April of 1945, russians are entering Berlin, Hitler commits suicide. He took poison then shot himself. His wife died the same day she married him.
17. FDR Dies-Truman takes over
FDR dies on April 8, 1945--Harry Truman was his vice president and takes over...FDR died of a brain hemmrage--Truman was the one who had to make the decision of the atomich bombs...
18. VE Day
May 8, 1945--Victory in Europe Day
-Nazis give up
-People are excited
19. Battle in the Pacific-Island Hopping, Philippines, Coral Sea, Midway, Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima, Okinawa,
--Island Hopping:
-you hop over islands; was a military strategy in the southern countries (for us)
-saves time, money, lives, and it's a smart military strategy against Japan taking over larger islands and hopping over smaller islands...cutting off supply lines on the islands to be able to take them over...
--December 7, 1941-Philippines: Pearl Harbor is hit a this time
-the Philippines was controlled by the US...there was an invasion by Japan..and we surrendered so Japan took over the Phillipines...Manila is the capital of the Phillipines; Dugout Doug (MacArthur) made serious tactical errors at the outset of the Philippines causing us to lose some of our airforces; American troops surrender
--Batan Death March (Batan, one of the islands of the Phillipines)
-was the worst atrocity that happened to the Americans during WWII
-took place in March of 1042
-60 mile forcible transfer of 75,000 American and Filipino POW's to a POW camp; was characterized by physical abuse and murder; 6,000 and 11,000 men died (Perhaps closer to 20,000); due to this, Japanese officials faced war crimes after the war
Battle of Leyte Gulf (phillipines)
(october 1944)
-we massively destroyed anything Japan had left. (Japanese Navy.) Japan is still fighting to the death...we bombed japan alot. This battle ended because we sunk their navy.
-Macarthur returns to the phillipines in september. He backed up his words.
***Battle of Coral Sea: was fought from May 4-8 1942
--was a major naval battle between the Japanese Navy and Allied naval air forces from the US and Australia
--while japan sunk more ships than the Allies did, it was a strategic victory for the Allies as it was the first time we stopped the Japanese from advancing
--the battle was the first action in which aircraft carriers engaged each other
--it was a naval battle fought by airplanes
**Battle of Midway (Japan is atacking)
--widely regarded as the most important naval battle against Japan because after this battle we destroyed alot of their ships.(more than they could make, another reason why we won the war.)
--Fought between June 4-7, 1942
-the Japanese aimed to eliminate the US as a strategic power in the Pacific and believed a victory at Midway Island would do just that (we would get out of th war)
-US navy decisively defeated the Japanses Navy attack against Midway Island
-Japan's navy suffered heavy losses and never recovered from this battle (we were destroying more ships than they could make)---After this, the US went on the offence and Japan went on the defense
-Magic played a vital role in the Allied victory. We knew through MAGIC that they were going to attack and where it was going to happen and everything.
-Japan did do some damage to the US
**Guadalcanal
Was us tryin to say that we needed to push back.
-the Guadalcanal Campaign, was fought between August 7, 1942 and February 9, 1943 in the Solomon Island Archipelago
-The Guadalcanal campaign was a significant strategic victory by Allied forces over the japanese in the Pacific theatre
-Guadalcanal marked the transition by the Allies from defensive operations to offensive that resulted in Japan's eventual surrender and the end of WWII--was the first battle that the US was on the offensive
-Kamikazes: Japanese suicide bombers-did a lot of damage to US ships.
***Iwo Jima (japanese island.) (February, 1945.)
--6.821 US deaths at Iwo Jima
--was a massive battle for us
--there were two flag raisings.
--the reason that there was a second flag raising, was because the first flag was too small; couldn't see it very well.
Raising the flag on Mt. Suribachi was a very good thing in World War 2.
***Okinawa- (we are on the doorstep.) Alot of Japan was destroyed but they would not surrender.
--we're closer to Japan with all of our Island Hopping
--we shelled the whole island
20. Navajo Code Talkers
-transferred military strategies in Navajo code for the Americans (relayed back and forth)
21. Doolittle's Raid
wanted to bomb Japan (April 1942--several months after Pearl Harbor)
--James Doolittle leader of American troops
--Roosevelt ordered this attack because the American soldiers needed a moral boost...
--Japan thought that if we were to pull of this attack, then they would need to extend the land that they controlled.
22. Manhattan Project
code name for the development of the atomic bomb. General Leslie Groves was in charge of this atomic bomb project. He also was in charge of the scientists. The scientist that was in charge was J Robert Oppenheimer, he was an american who happened to be a communist. Los alimos is where we dropped the bomb. It was a waste land where we tested the bomb. Alamagordo, New Mexico. The test was called the Trinity Test. Groves was excited when he saw the bomb. After the testing, everything turned to Japan. There was no plane big enough to carry these atomic bombs, the B29 super fortriss plane was called Enola Gay. Paul Tibbits was the main pilot.
23. Hiroshima bombing
A bombing in Hiroshima. After the bombing, the land was more gone. Alot destroyed. They werent sure where to bomb, but Hiroshima is where they did. We saved lives by bombing instead of invading. People got burned, died,radiation sickness.
24. Nagasaki bombing
Japan doesnt surrender so we do this bombing. Bomb is called "Fat Man" and the plane was called the "bockscar." This bomb did less damage because of the surrounding mountains. all bombs were carried by the B29 super fortriss.
25. VJ Day
August 14, 1945 Japan surrendered thus ending WW2. Hiro Hito went on the radio and surrendered. "Victory in Japan Day."
26. Yalta Conference
February 1945. Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin. The fate of post-war Europe was dictated at this conference.
Compromise-Germany would be broken into four occupation zones (US,GB,France, and USSR) and became eastern Germany.
Stalin promised free elections in Eastern Europe. (Didn't happen.)
Stalin promised to join the war against Japan after war with Germany was over.
Have a conference at San Francisco to set up the United Nations.
27. Nuremburg Trials
In Nuremburg Germany for war crime trials after WW2. Hermann Goering explained what he did with Germany as a leader of LufWafe.
GI bill of Rights to help members of the Armed Forces to come back to regular life after seperation of service. (Jobs, education)
28. Japanese Internment Camps in US
We forced Japanese to sell everything and go to Internment Camps, (one of the bad things we did.) Kind of like army barracks in desolate areas. We said it was for their safety but we just didnt trust them. We allowed them to play sports and work. We basically isolated them away from us.
Why did we win WW2?
ULTRA and MAGIC secret helped us win the war.
--the women were the ones who made our weapons..so we had more weapons than other countries.
--Henry Kaiser (owner of a ship building company)--by the end of the war, we were making more ships and everything else (war goods) than any of the other countries combined...
--Hollywood in WWII: Looney Tunes, Walt Disney movies--they made propaganda films and helped to get people to buy war bonds and boost moral...--Bob Hope (comedian); made movies and comedy shows--USO tour (the US tried to get as many comedians and singers to go and entertain sodiers in Korea and other places to give soldiers some time off and give them something to look forward to and enjoy.)--John Wayne did a lot of WWII movies as well as westerns; he was one of the bigger actors and really got his name during WWII...
--"Kilroy was here" was a man who worked on the docks and would put that phrase on ships (JJ Kilroy) so it became very popular and famous.
--We knew what our enemies were doing but they didn't know what we were doing...the ULTRA and MAGIC secrets..Bombe is a machine that is what broke the codes---and because of Navajo Code Talkers
COLD WAR TEST TOPICS
1. Define the Cold War and it's causes
2. Policy of Containment -domino effect, mutual deterrence, massive retaliation, Truman Doctine, Marshall Plan, NATO, brunkmanship
3. Both Berlin Crises
4. The Red Scare--McCarthyism and HUAC
5. Fidel Castro, Bay of Pigs and Missile Crisis
6. China
7. Nuclear Arms Race and Reductions
8. How the Cold War ended.
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9. Korean Conflict
10. Vietnam Conflict
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