Friday 3.30

[3Julie]

US Homefront:

1. Selective Training and Service Act

• First peacetime draft in US History
• Used until 1973 to fill military needs
• After 1973, US military depended on volenteers to fill needs

2. Women's role in WWII

• Rossie the Rivetor gave women the idea that they can work hard and still look pretty
• The women were a very important cause for winning the war
• they worked in:
• • factories
  • hospitals (nurses)
  • secrataries/typists
  • farm workers
  • bus/taxi drivers
  • messengers
  • teachers
• WAC-Women's Army Corps
• stay at home mom's canned food
• WAVES- Women's Navy
• WASP- Women's Army Service Pilots

3. African-American's role in WWII

• fought in the military
• some people tried to get it so that blacks and whites were not segregated

4. Asian's role in WWII

• Were drafted in war but had to wear a certian button to make sure that they didn't get them mixed up with Japs

5. Hollywood's role in WWII

• provided a lot of comercials for the war
• movies on the war:
• • destination Tokyo
  • 30 sec over Tokyo
  • Wake island
  • the purple heart
• Cartoons were made
• USO- Untied Service Organizations Inc. in a private, non profit organization that provides entertainment to members of the US military since 1941

6. Office of Price Administration

• were the first to come up with ration books
• Rationing- you can only get so much and you couldn't get and over supply of things
• had ration stamps and if ran out you could not buy anything else for the rest of that week
• People had to wait in line for things that they wanted
• Horse meat was not rationed so people could buy as much as they wanted
• Black market was formed and their were a lot of people who bought illegal stickers to get more money

7. War Production Board

• keep producing stuff like metal and fuel
• produced a ton of materials like fuel
• used to stabilize our economy
• production of mass production

8. National War Labor Board

• created by Woodrow Wilson in WWI
• keep peace between employees in factories
• • so they don't go on strike

9. Why the Homefront helped win the war

• mass production of goods

10. How US/Allies fought back against U-boats (German Submarines)

• the 10th fleet under the Navy did it
• had like 50 people in it
• planes would drop bombs
• Navy would use depth charges(kinda like torpedoes)
• wolfpacks - U-boats traveling in large groups
• • how do we fight them?
  • • speed
    • faster U-boats
    • traveled in convoys (large groups)

11. Intelligence gathering--Ultra/Magic

• the spies were gathering info
• most spies were British set up by Churchill
• used to fight off the Axis powers
• ULTRA/MAGIC were code names for us intercepting information
• • use it to fight against U-boats too
• Enigma
• • system in which Germany transferred their info thru codes
  • solving the Enigma system remains one of the great Allied triumphs of WWII
  • during periods when Allied crypt-analysts were unable to solve Enigma, U-boats cause great damage to Anglo-American commerce

12. Operation Barborossa(USSR vs Germany)

German invasion of Soviet Union. 90% taken ov

• • code name for the invasion for Germany invading Soviet Union
  • stalingrad, moscow, liningrad
  • Hitler broke the non-aggression pack because he didn't trust stallin
  • Hitler wanted more land and natural resources
  • Lebensraum
  • Despised the ethnic Slavs ruled by their "Jewish Bolshevik" masters
  • wanted Ukraine for the farmland
  • could use the people as slaves labor
  • The deafest of the USSR would further isolate the Allies
  • Wanted the oilfeilds in the Caucasus mountians
  • Didn't trust Stalin-German propaganda showed that Stalin was planning to attack Germany
  • The western front fighting was over (except GB)
  • Germany Army in USSR was split:
  • • Leningrad(people were starving to death), Moscow(didn't take it over), and Stalingrad(90% taken over before they pushed them back)(know them for test)

13. Battle in Africa and Italy

• took place in Africa June 10, 1940
• we entered the war in 1941
• took place in the countries of North Africa
• 2 reasons why it was fought: 
• • to control the middle east and the oil resources and
  •  to see who would have control of Africa
• Mussolini had more then a million men in the army
• Erwin Rommel - The Desert Fox
• • German general
  • very sly and outwitted
  • leader of the Afrika corp 
  • • they were the German troops in Africa
  • went against Hitler eventually and was involved in the plan to kill Hitler
  • he eventually committed suicide otherwise he would be killed and everyone would know that he was a traitor
• Bernard Montgomery - Monty
• • was our ally
  • from Great Britain
  • British General down in Africa
• George Patton
• • from the US
  • one of the most famous US general
  • very big in himself
  • always had ivory pistols
  • despised Montgomery
  • died in a car accident in Germany after WWII
• Operation Torch
• • the British-American of French North Africa started on November 8, 1942
  • by mid 1943, we had defeated the Germans, Italians and the Vichy France
  • landed on the beaches of Morocco
• Casablanca Conference
• • said that we won't make a deal with Germany
  • they would have to surrender unconditionally
  • • they have to do whatever we tell them to do (the Nazis)
• Italy
• • Churchill called them the soft under belly of Europe
  • • he thought it was the weakest part and that the US should invade them
  • Us wins Africa and then invade Sicily then Italy
• who won?
• • the Allied powers won

14. US Generals-Marshall, Eisenhower, Patton, MacArthur, Nimitz, Bradley

• Marshall
• • Chief of Staff of the US Military during WWII
  • the only person higher than his rank is the president
  • mostly focused on teaching mechanized warfare
  • taught an army of war college
  • mainly a teacher
  • organized the biggest military expansion in US history
• Dwight Eisenhower
• • was supreme allied commander of all forces
  • • in charge of all allied forces
  • in charge of the D-Day invasion
  • later became president
• Patton
• • best US general in the world
  • led troops down in Africa and Europe
• MacArthur
• • leader of the US army against Japan
• Nimitz
• • leader of the US Navy against Japan
• Bradley
• • not as famous as the other guys
  • famous general in WWII in Africa later on in Europe

15. D-Day-Operation Overlord

• Operation Overlord 
• • code name for the Invasion of Normandy
• Allied invasion of Nazi controlled France
• The assault was conducted in two phases
• • 1. an airborne assault landing of 24,000 British, American, Canadian and Free French airborne troops shortly after midnight
  • 2. an amphibious landing of Allied infantry and armored division on the coast of France starting at 6:30 a.m.
• there were also decoy operations to distract the German forces from the real landing areas
• the operation was the largest amphibious invasion in world history with over 160,000 troops
• Roughly 10,000 Allied casualties(6,600 US)
• The Atlantic Wall
• • an extensive system of coastal fortifications built by Nazi Germany between 1942 and 1944 along the western coast of Europe
  • Built as a defense against an anticipated Allied invasion of the mainland continent from Great Britain
• Omaha Beach and Utah beach were the main 2 we landed at
• • involved: Canada, Free France, US

16. Battle of the Bulge

• took place at the end of the war 
• made a bulge in the front line(that's where it got it's name)
• around the Ardennes Mountains in Belgium
• largest and bloodiest battle in WWII
• 19,000 Americans died
• Dec 1944 - Jan 1945
• We won. (Allied forces)

17. FDR Dies-Truman takes over

• he had bad health since 1940
• • had paralysis
  • high blood pressure
  • smoker
  • heart disease
• died on April 2nd, 1945 from a stroke
• • after he said he had a terrible headache
  • Hitler committed suicide not too long after
• Truman was vice president so he took over after FDR died
• Truman
• • from Missouri
  • swore a lot
  • was short and to the point
  • he took responsibility for any mistakes
  • • said "the buck stops here"
  • fired MacArthur
  • • MacArthur wanted to use the nuclear bomb on China
    • Truman didn't want that
    • MacArthur started bad mouthing Truman
    • fired him because he didn't want MacArthur going against him
    • Truman was one of the least popular presidents

18. VE Day

• Victory in Europe Day
• May 8, 1945
• Germany surrenders

19. Battle in the Pacific-Island Hopping, Philippines, Coral Sea, Midway, Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima, Okinawa,

• US policy on Island Hopping
• • strategy to try to cut Japan off from their supplies
  • cut off the key islands of Japan
  • strategically important
• Philippines 
• • Us territory
  • December 7, 1941
  • MacArthur was a major leader
  • Destroyed bridges
  • Bataan Death March
  • • 60 miles
    • Americans had to move to  a different POW (prisoner of war) camp and had to walk
    • Japanese officials faced war crimes
    • on May 30, 2009, the Japanese ambassador to the US officially apologized on behalf of the Japanese government
    • cruelest happening to US in WWII
  • American troops surrender
  • • Corregidor, Philippenes
    • May 1942
• Coral Sea
• • May 1942
  • coast of Australia
  • Japanese had their airplanes flying and they attacked 2 of our Naval Aircraft carriers
  • we sank a ship of theirs and damaged another ship
  • was the first time Japan didn't win
  • prevented Japan from invading Australia
  • • Australia was important to the US in WWII
  • 1st turning point in WWII
• Midway
• • took place in June 1942
  • Near Hawaii in Pacific Ocean
  • Japan thought they could take us on and win because they put together a powerful task force
  • • US navy was weak
    • knew it was coming because we intercepted the code
  • Japans plan was to lure US into a trap
  • after Battle of Midway, Japan wasn't the same after that
  • • Japan lost a lot of their goods
  • US won
  • 2nd turning point in WWII
• Guadalcanal
• • August 7th, 1942 - February 9, 1943
  • in the Solomon Islands (right northeast of Australia)
  • code name was Watchtower
  • took place on the Island Guadalcanal and surrounding islands
  • tried to take over the Henderson Airfield
  • Guadalcanal campaign was a significant strategic victory by Allied forces over the Japanese in Pacific theater
• Iwo Jima
• • Feb 19, 1945
  • operation Detachment
  • one of the last big battles
  • Japanese troops were sitting on Mount Sirabagi and the troops dropped the atomic bomb
  • • they were like sitting ducks
  • 6,821 US death at Iwo Jima
  • that's where the famous pic of the raising of the flag took place
  • • on Mount Sirabaji
• Okinawa
• • April 1, 1945 - June 21, 1945
  • Small south island of Japan
  • biggest war in the Pacific Islands
  • Japanese wanted to gain time because US was winning
  • Japanese started using Kamikaze planes
  • • would pack their planes with explosives
    • was a suicide mission
    • flew into ships
    • died a lot of damage, not enough to change the course of the war
  • Commanding general of the ship died

20. Navajo Code Talkers

21. Doolittle's Raid

22. Manhattan Project

23. Hiroshima bombing

24. Nagasaki bombing

25. VJ Day

26. Yalta Conference

27. Nuremburg Trials

28. Japanese Internment Camps in US