We talked about the next project over the Cold War.
Cold War-a political, strategic, and ideological struggle between the US and the Soviet Union. Spread throughout the world- Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
Communism vs. Democracy-Political Systems
Democracy/Capitalism
- People vote
- owned by the people
- have freedoms, rights
Communism/Socialism
- government owns businesses
- everything censored by government
Causes of the Cold War
- Different political systems
- US is based on democracy, capitalism and freedom
- USSR is based on dictatorship, communism, and control
- Both thought their system was better and distrusted the others intentions
- Stalin despised capitalism
- Stalin breaking his promise to allow free elections at the Yalta Conference
- American fear of a communist attack (Red Scare) and USSR's fear of a US attack
- USSR's fear of the atomic bomb
- USSR's actions in their German zone
- USSR's goal to spread communism around the world
- This feeling of suspicion lead to mutual distrust and this did a great deal to deepen the Cold War
Goals of the US during the Cold War
- Wanted to promote open markets for US goods to prevent another depression
- Promote democracy throughout the world, especially in Asia and Africa
- Stop the spread of Communism
Goals of the USSR during the Cold War
- Wanted to create greater security for itself
- lost tens of millions of people in WWII and Stalin's purges
- feared a strong Germany
- Establish defensible borders
- Encourage friendly governments on its borders
- Spread communism around the world
Yalta Conference-Feb
- Iron Curtain Speech- Winston Churchill, talking about how the Soviets are dominating Europe.
- Domino Theory(Effect)- Foreign Policy that thinks that if one country falls to communism, other countries around it will fall to communism
- Policy of Containment- US policy that said if we contain communism it would eventually fall apart
- Truman Doctrine- Speech to give money and aid to Turkey and Greece to prevent them from falling to communism
- Marshall Plan- Plan to give aid to Europe to rebuild their countries to stop the spread of communism
- Brinkmanship- Pushing you to the brink but dangerous things do not happen
- Massive Retaliation/ Mutual Detterence- If both sides had nuclear weapons they will both cancel each other out
- NATO - Alliance of the non-communist countries during the Cold War
- Warsaw Pact-Alliance with the Soviet Union and eastern communist countries during the Cold War
- CIA-Central Intelligence Agency of the US government. Started after WWII. Gather intelligence on other countries
- KGB-Soviet Agency responsible for gathering info on other countries and in the country
- Peaceful coexistence-competition without war, live together peacefully without war, but don't have to like each other
- De-Stalinization-undoing what Stalin did
- Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 1963-banned nuclear testing above ground, everything was moved underground
- Nuclear Non-Proliferation treaty of 1968-International treaty that objects the spread of nuclear weapons, but they could use nuclear power for energy
- Strategic Arms Limitation Talks(Treaty) 1972- "SALT" limited the nuclear weapons a country could have
- Detente-easing of hostility and tensions
- Perestroika- The political movement that called for restructuring the Soviet's economic system
- Glasnost-Openness in government
- Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty 1972-Neither country can put together a system
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