We started watching presentations
Be sure to know what each leader looks, what country they led and what alliiance they belonged to.
Also the following:
Benito Mussolini -Itay Axis
1. Background prior to coming to power- mom was a school teacher, dad was blacksmith, atheist and a socialist/comunism
2. How they came to power-Communism was making lots of headway in this time. Russia was the start. all throughout in 1920 were communist. King Emanuel thought Mussolini could stop them
3. Once in power, how did they change their country, both positive and negative- kept communism out and got Italy back up and running after WW1, made the country more efficient, set the government back up, started invading countries, weaker military
4. What was their role in World War II- didn't do very well, Hitler had to bail him out all the time, they were a second rate power, he was trying to re-create the Roman empire,
5. How they lost power-Stoned, beatin, shot and killed, and then hanged and drug around by Italians that had switched sides and didn't like him
His goal was to re-create the Roman empire in the Mediterranean area and northern Africa.
We will discuss #2 and #3 in class in more depth after each video.
Go here for notes on Mussolini, Stalin and Hitler.
Go here for notes on Japan.
Joseph Stalin-USSR allied (and a little not really though axis)
1. Background prior to coming to power- poor family, health problems.
2. How they came to power- Vladamere Lenon was the founder of communism in Soviet Union. There was a power struggle between Stalin and Leon Trotsky. Stalin won 1927 has Trotsky hunted down and killed in Mexico.
3. Once in power, how did they change their country, both positive and negative-
Great Purges-kill anyone he didn't trust in the military or government. 27-mid 30s. he killed 20-60 million people. that was all in all, not just in the purges.
Industrialization and 5 year plan- Soviet Union had factories but lots of them were tore down. They wanted to improve industrialization in 5 years but a percent number. Stalin wanted to be a communist but had to be industrialized first.
Nationalization- you no longer own your business , the government does. people Collectivization- people no longer owned farms, the government did and you were working for the gov. farms. people fought back against all these things and died because of it.
4. What was their role in World War II-
Non Aggression Pact- Hitler and Stalin's agreement not to fight each other. It was a trade deal too. Agreed to invade Poland together. Aug 1939.
Invade Poland/France/ect.-Invade to get land back that was taken from them in WW1.
Hitler breaks Pact-almost two years past, June 1941, Germany has ran wild, you were an ally or in a non aggression pact with them or you were natural, Hitler didn't have anything else to worry about so he turned his attention to the Russians
Scorched Earth Policy-as Soviets were retreating, Stalin called for everything to be destroyed that could be used as a weapon
Leningrad/Moscow/Stalingrad-Three wars in these cities. Hitler thought if they could get these cities they could win the war for sure. They never took Moscow. Hard to fight in cities because lots of places to hide and hard not to kill civilians.
The end-Berlin- soviets slowly pushed Germans back to Berlin. May 8 1945
Cold War-1945-1991
5. How they lost power- died of a hemorrhage ( in power 1927-53)
Hitler
1. Background prior to coming to power-
2. How they came to power- Tried to overthrow the gov. illegally and got thrown into jail. After he got out he ran for president and lost, but he was appointed chancellor and eventually took over power.
3. Once in power, how did they change their country, both positive and negative-
4. What was their role in World War II-Holocaust, non aggression pact, invasion of Poland, invasion of Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Lux, Netherlands, France early summer 1940,Battle of Britain, Invasion of USSR, Berlin the end May 8th, 1945, VEDay, Germany split into 2.
5. How they lost power- took a pill and shot himself. his wife took a pill too. His body was then burned.
Adolf Hitler
- born in 1889 in Austria
- dropped out of school at 16
- wanted to be and artist and architect
- failed to get into art school
- moved to Germany in 1913
- joined German Army when WWI broke out
- was wounded twice (once by gas)
- won numerous medals
- accepted the “stab in the back” theory
- hated Weimer Republic(the new Democratic government set up in Germany after WW1- it was doomed to fail, democracies don't take off right away, they were in a huge recession and had to abide by the treaty of Versailles )
- joined the Nationalist Socialist German Worker’s Party (Nazi) after WWI
- voted Fuhrer (Leader) of the Nazi Party in 1921
- Nazi party attracted the following groups of people:
1. Manual laborers
2. Former soldiers
3. Adventurers and misfits
- The Nazi Party:
1. was violently nationalistic
2. was anti-Semitic (anti-Jew)
3. Hated the democratic Weimer Republic
4. talked of the Volk (German common people) superiority
Beer Hall Putsch (1923)
- Hitler and the Nazis tried to take over the German Gov’t
- Failed miserably
- Hitler was arrested for treason
- Got five years but only served 9 months
- While in prison he wrote his book Mein Kampf (My Struggle)- Stalin should have read this book
- Outlined Hitler’s ideas:
1. Aryans were the superior race
- Germans, Dutch, Belgians, Scandinavians and English
- No interbreeding
2. Anti-Semitic beliefs
- Hated Jews, inferior race
- Hitler associated them with the Weimer Republic and
Communism
3. Hated democracy
- Believed one person had to have the power to keep order and
Discipline
4. Undo the Treaty of Versailles
5. Re-unite German speaking peoples
- Austria, Sudetenland, Danzig, Poland
6. Lebensraum
- “Living space” in Russia for the German People
- Hitler also learned that he would have to come to power legally
- January 30, 1933, Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany
- Within 18 months Hitler had total power and created “The Third Reich”
Franklin D. Roosevelt
1. Background prior to coming to power-
born in New York to a wealthy family. Got polio in 1921. Had the job of assistant Secretary of the navy job in WW1. Ran for vice president in the 1920 election but lost. Governor of New York .- these jobs qualified him.
2. How they came to power-
Beat Hoover in the 1932 election. easily beat him. won 3 more elections. only president to win 4 elections. shortly in he died
3. Once in power, how did they change their country, both positive and negative-
first thing he deals with is banks by the banking holiday, FDIC, FEC, WPA, NYA, lots of administrations to get everyone up and running again.
4. What was their role in World War II-
1-Neutrality- when the war broke out we were neutral and stayed that way until pearl harbor
2-Pearl Harbor-DECEMBER 7TH 1941 (12/7/41) when Japan attacked Hawaii and the US the next day DECEMBER 8TH 1941 (12/8/41) FDR gave his war speech. Three days later we declared war on Japan and Germany declared war on us (12/11/41) which lead us to Pacific war with Japan
3-Pacific War-from June 1942 to Aug. 1945 we were slowly pushing Japan back to their island using island hopping. Atomic Bombs in Aug. 1945 ended this war.
4-Africa- fighting the Germans and Italians in 1942 after winning here we moved north to Italy
5-Italy-
6-D-Day-June 6, 1944- MAy 8, 1945
7-Yalta Conference- Split Germany into 4 parts and each major power would control part
8-The end(death)-Died one month before the end of the war. April 1945
5. How they lost power- died in 1945
Churchill
1. Background prior to coming to power-
born to wealthy family in 1874. Never very good at formal schooling. had a speech impediment. went to boarding school and began military career
2. How they came to power-
voted in and then chose to be prime minister . voted in and
3. Once in power, how did they change their country, both positive and negative-
Wasn't in power before WW2
4. What was their role in World War II-
-Anti-Appeasement- Munich conf.- bout Hitler taking over countries with German speaking people in it
-Strong anti-communist-
-Battle of Britain-
-Friends with FDR-
-No Armistice!-unlike WW1 there will not be a deal made to allow a power to stay in power...not letting Nazi party stay in power.
-"Soft underbelly of Europe"-1943 Italy
-D-Day-June 6th 1944- US British Canadian forces invaded France
-Defeated by Atlee-
5. How they lost power-
In 1945 his party was overtaken...untimely his power was re-established and his party was back in . Climon Natti takes over
Hideki Tojo - Military leader
1. Background prior to coming to power-
Involved in the military before he was prime minister
2. How they came to power-
appointed prime minister by Emperor
3. Once in power, how did they change their country, both positive and negative-
Finalized the attack on Pearl Harbor
4. What was their role in World War II-
lead Japan through their greatest triumphs.
5. How they lost power-
tried to commit suicide 1944 , failed, then caught and tried for war crimes of killing people and hanged in the US
Emperor Hirohito
1. Background prior to coming to power-
Born to wealthy royal family
2. How they came to power-
became emperor when his father stepped down
3. Once in power, how did they change their country, both positive and negative-
4. What was their role in World War II-
More of a figure head.
5. How they lost power-
Died of duodenal cancer
Japan extra notes
Dictatorship also came to Japan
-not through a political party but the military
History
-rich military tradition
-feudal clans fought each other for dominance in Japan
-The Emperor presided over the Japanese government
-came form divine origin
-descendent of the Sun Goddess
-played minor role in the government
-he was above politics
-shogun had the political power
-ruled in the name of the Emperor
Japanese society
Landowning clans dominated
-protected by the samurai
Wealthy merchant class
Peasants
-most of the people of Japan
Japan was very isolated until 1853 when US Commodore Matthew Perry sailed in to Japan and forced them to open their ports
In the late 1800’s many Japanese were tired of being controlled by foreign countries.
-adopted western ways in hopes to keep Western Powers out of their country
heavy industry
modern army
strong navy
Showed off new power in several wars
Sino-Japanese War
-1894-95
-Japan won
Russo-Japanese War
-1904-05
-Japan shocked the world by beating Russia
-gained partial control of Manchuria
World War I
-allied with the US
-gained German Islands in the Pacific after the war
1920’s
-gave all men the right to vote
-signed the 4, 5 and 9 Power Pacts
-joined the League of Nations
-signed the Kellog-Briand Pact- outlaw war
1930’s
-Great Depression changed everything
-people blamed the government for tough times
-military leaders stepped in and took control
-said Japan had to expand in to Asia to help economy
-assassinated political leaders that opposed them
-took away people’s rights
Japanese Military Honor
fight to the death
commit suicide rather than surrender
-open defiance of superior officers by junior officers
-seen as a positive thing
-shows the spirit of the soldier
Comments