Ch. 15 Test Topics
Describe the cycle of the Great Depression?
What was the New Deal(1st and 2nd) and it's goals(3 R's)?
- goals of the 3 R's
- Relief
- they were trying to RELIEVE the unemployed, poor, homeless, and all in all vulnerable people.
- Recovery
- attempting to RECOVER our economy in order to get it back to normal. Went from breadlines to fast food places
- Reform
- trying to REFORM the financial system in order to prevent any oncoming depressions
- 1st New Deal
- passed in 1933
- lasted until 1934
- worked at fixing the economy from top to bottom(help businesses first)
- mostly based off the trickle down theory. this is where the gov't pours money into businesses in order to stabilize buying and selling, and go forward to help our economy
- it helped from banks to farms and many more
- 2nd New Deal
- in effect from 1934-1936
- focused on restoring our economy from bottom to top(help individual people. give em SS)
- this meant that they tried to turn non-consumer to consumer again- in order to help the businesses and when the businesses succeed, so does the gov't
Why did people criticize the New Deal?
Why was FDR upset with the US Supreme Court and what did he do to try to solve this issue?
- FDR wanted to expand to expand the size of the supreme court because he felt the "old guys" felt his laws were unconstitutional
- Proposed in 1930s- every guy over 70 he wanted to add a new justice
- congress wouldn't allow the # of justices to be increased
- FDR was criticized for trying to undermine the independence of the courts
- Critics and failing of the new deal
- Charles Coughlin
- roman preist
- supported the new deal and soon turned against FDR
- Townsend
- Physician and health officer in long Beach cali.
- Believed FDR was not doing enough to help the poor and elderly
- made a plan to benitit the elderly
- Long
- senator of louisiana
- supported of the new deal
- alos turned against FDR
- was eager to win presidency for himself
- They cared about things that mattered to the poor
How did the New Deal help:
- CCC
- Civilan conservation corps
- emergency conservation work act
- roosevelts personal philosophy
- provided jobs for men in felief families
- .5 million men enrolled in jst 9 years
- most popular program
- 30 a month
- made other programs for veterans and native americans
- by 1942 with the draft in operation it was voted to close the program
- FERA
- Federal Emergency relief act
- create the FERA
- distributed more that 20 million $$$ in direct aid to unemployed
- in turn would help the unemployed to find new jobs
- 3 primary objectives
- direct relief measures
- provide work for employable people
- provide many different types of relief programs
- NRA
- National Recovery Act
- NRA (help factory workers)
- Established in 1933
- Was made to eliminate competition that would put businesses our of business
- Helped workers by setting minimum wages and maximum hours
- NIRA was made to get industries to make a code of fair competition
- Purpose was to regulate industry and the monopolies and cartels
- WPA
- Work Progress Administration
- gave jobs to unemployed
- 2 million people got jobs every year
- men thought it was unfair for women to have jobs
- jobs same as NYA
- other businesses had to buy from other businesses
- biggest new deal program
- farmers
- Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act
- aUS federal law that allowed the govt to pay the farmers to reduc production to prevent soil eroison
- made it so farmersare forced to recommend the repercussions of using their land w/o care
- before this act the farmers would allow their soil to be vulnerable to wind causing "black storms"
- Tennessee Vally Authority
- gaiant electricitty company
- still round today
- TV is a region particularly affected by tge GD
- a lot of dam projects
- largest public power company, providing electric power to over 9 million customers in the TV
- REA
- Rural Electrification Administration
- created under Roosevelt
- to promote rural electricification
- on the belief of creating cheap electricity for the people
- some people were not for this cause the govermnent involvement in rural electrification
- some thought it hurt private businesses
- thought it was going to hurt economy
- 288,000 households were provided w/ electricity
- farmers w. electricity this caused them to buy electric goods
- cheap electrification
- FSA
- Farm Security Administration
- gave loans to farmers when couldnt go any where else
- provided health care
- promoted educational courses
- took pic of poor farmers and farm
- educational information
- 1935-1944
- 5000$$$/ loan
- educated about 455,000 farm families
- tried to decrease production to raise price of crops and goods
- helped poor farmers buy land
- resetlement plan- buying up poor farmers lands and hiring them to work on the land with houly wages
- WPA
- Work Progress Administration
- gave jobs to unemployed
- 2 million people got jobs every year
- men thought it was unfair for women to have jobs
- jobs same as NYA
- other businesses had to buy from other businesses
- biggest new deal program
factory workers/labor
- NLRB
- conduct elections for labor union representation labor practices
- governed by a general counsel- group of 5 people
- esier to find a mistake
young people
- CCC
- FDC
- Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
- 1938
- gave authority to overlook the production of food, drugs and cosmetics
- outlined a suggested lax enforcement
- been tossed aside in recent years
- Elixir Sulfanilamide
- Diethylene glyco was used to dissolve to drug and make a liquid form
- killed at leat 100 patients
- AAA
- Agricultural Adujstment Administration
- lower crop surplus and the value of crops
- 1933
- govt payed a sum of money to not plant part of their farmland
- Production and Marketing Administration
- subsides for limits on production
- unconstitutional in 1936
- NYA
- National Youth Assotion
- provided work for men 16-25
- 1935
- successfull!
- still around but very different
- payed for schooling for boys
- boys had to work part time
- boys worked construction, teaching classes, and a lot of other things
- still lived at home with families
banks/business
- Reconstruction Finance Corporation
- hoovers administration
- independent agency
- modeled after the war financecorporation
- 2 billion$$ to state and local governments
- played a really big role in the great depression
- helped unemployed also
- NIRA
- National Industrial Recovery Act
- made codes of fair competition for industry
- 3.3 billion$$$$ to public works projects
- amended the Emergency Relief and Construction Act
- Unconstitutional
- did what induvidual states wer supposed to do
- ended 1935
- NIRA had a 2 year expiration an ended in 1935 because the government shouldnt do the states' job
- SEC
- Securities and Exchange Commission
- created by congress to regulate the securities markets and protect investors
- includes the power to register, regulate and over see brokerage firms, transfer agents, and slearing agencies
- identifies and prohibits certain types of conduct in the markets and provides the commission with disciplinary powers over regulated entitied and persons associated with them
- companies with more than 10 million $$$ in assecets whose securities are held by more that 500 owners must file annual and other periodic reports
- securities laws broaly prohibit fradulent activities
- Today- charged Daniel Ruettiger and 12 other participants in a scheme to deceive investors into buying stock in his sprots drink company
- Banking Act of 1935
- it strenghtened the federal reserve board
- reserve board- a bankers bank, designed to prevent panics
- tightened existing restrictions on banks engaging in certain avtivities
- enlarged the supervisory powere of the FDIC
- Made FDIC permenent
- today insurance amount has changed a lot
home owners
- HOLC
- Home Owner's Loan Corporation
- job of HOLC was to refinance homed to prevent foreclosure
- refinanced peoples mortgages to long term and fully amortized loans
- typical lenght of the new loans were between 20 and 25 yrs
- helped over 1 million people keep their homes and not have to foreclose
- successful -while it lasted
- not around today - wasnt turning a profit
- FHA
- Federal Housing Administration
- 1934 by congress
- created insurance on mortagage loans created by FHA approved lenders
- provides insurance on mortgage loans on single family homes an multilpe family homes in the US
- also provided insurance on mortgage loans for hospotals
- successfull
- 1965 joined the Department of Housing and Urban Development
- FHA and HDU have insured over 34 million home mortgages
- part of HUD
- ended 1965 when went with HUD
- they wanted to make a better Department of Housing
- USHA
- 1937
- to give money to sates and to give the less fortunate the opportunity to be abole ot buy for rent a house/appartment
- was successful at the time
- helped people how had a low income
- getting poor people homes
- consturcting homes for low income families
- NLRB
- conduct elections for labor union representation labor practices
- governed by a general counsel- group of 5 people
- esier to find a mistake
elderly
Native Americans- the Indian Reorganization Act(IDA) allowed them to use their culture and tradition
Indian Reorganization Act (IRA) -
- gave land back to the tribes so they could run their own land again
- allowed Native Americans to use their tribes
- it allowed Indians to use their culture and tradition.
- replaced the Dawes Act (tried to Americanize the Native Americans)
- was established in 1934
- another name for this act is the Wheeler-Howard Act
- established June 18, 1934
- leader was John Collier
- the act was doing more harm that good to the natives(it was too little too late)
- in 1936 was when Alaska tribes were added to the act
- Describe the culture of the 1930's.
- Musical Movies
- composer wrote for movies and broadway musicals
- movies provided a lift from hard times
- Pop
- pop would include singers and dancers
- Jazz the swing era and big bands
- big bands consistes of 15 to 20 people
- Country and western music
- Country usicc was also known as hillbilly music
- country and western music includes blue grass, and others
- Fashion
- 8 million people jobless
- less or little money
- going out of business
- shrinking budjets
- Womens fasion
- hats wore for both day and night
- dresses were often cut on the bias
- long halter top dresses lace frocks
- negligees
- corsets
- Mens fasion
- wore hats day and night
- suits to create large torso
- shoulder pads
- matching top hats
- over coats
- Sportrs
- the javelin throws
- 80 meter hurdles
- the hight jump
- hockey
- football
- boxing
- mens tennis
- baseball
- racing-Indy 500
- soccer
- horse racing
- Facts
- life expectancy-Male-58.1, lady-61.6
- star spalgle banner became national anthem
- Key terms:
- Hundred Days
- the time where the president's seem to be the most efficient. FDR blew the roof on this.
- hundred days of the new deal
- fireside chats
- FDR broadcasting on the radio telling people to have faith and believe in the new deal and that banks would do better
- became popular-people started listening to the radio more. so radio stations did better
- continued til 1940's until their attention turned to WWII
- priming the pump
- pump from a well, nothing would come out
- great depression related.
- try to help things move along and see if it would help or not...
- jump start the economy
- deficit spending
- Gvernment spending
- more that collected in taxes
- people scared about project money
- would "pull them under"farther
FDR's Background
- FDR before presidency
- born Jan 30, 1882.
- went to high school at Groton Boarding School
- Went to Harvard College
- Was married to his wife ELeanor on March 17, 1905, had 6 kids
- other professions
- was 44th governor of NY from 1929 - 1932
- ran for vice president in 1920
- -was 32nd president. Democratic. Won 57% of the vote
- was in office from March 14, 1933 to April 12, 1945
- was in office during the Great Depression
- our only president to have polio and to be in a wheelchair
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