Monday-
- League of Nations- We didn't join
- Washington Naval Conference
- Kellogg Briand Pact
- London Naval Conference
- Neutrality Acts- 35, 36, 37, 39
- Basis for Destroyers Pact
- Lend Lease Act
Alliance- Allied powers
Causalities- 300,000 deaths
Cost-
War goals-
1. Stop Germany
2. Defeat Japan
Tuesday-
United States-
- Allied Powers- Great Britain, Soviet Union, US, China, France
- More allied: Mexico, Dominican Republic, Peru, Costa Rica, Brazil, Cuba, Haiti, Panama, Chile, Canada, China, Iran
-Major events that impacted their country between WWI and WWII.
-Discuss basic facts: alliance, total casualties, total cost, war goals, etc
-Tell us about their leader(s) during WWII
-background
-how they came to power
-how they lost power
-Discuss the impact of their Homefront and propaganda and what it was like in their country during the war
-Discuss major battle strategies
-Discuss major battles that the country was involved in
-Discuss other people/generals from their country in WWII that had a major impact on the war
-Discuss why they won or lost the war
-Discuss the impact WWII had on the country
US after WWI
- US never signed the Treaty of Versailles
- Wilson(Democrat) vs Congress(Republican controlled)
- Joined the League of Nations
- Republican Harding won the 1920 presidential election with a promise to "return to normalcy"
- US went back to focusing on America in the 1920s and 30s
Washington Naval Conference-
- 4 power pact- US, Great Britain, France and Japan would respect each other's possessions in the Pacific
- 5 Power Pact- Great Britain, US, Japan, France and Italy9 Power pact- Great Britain, US, Japan, France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands and Portugal
- Designed to prevent an arm's race
Neutrality in General
- Neutrality acts were passed by the US in the 1930s in response to the issues in Europe and Asia that eventually led to WWII
- They were caused by the desire to be isolationist in the US following WWI
- Passed to ensure that the US would not become involved in world conflicts
- US had very strong history of isolationism
America First Committee-
- Keep American out of war
- Be neutral
- Staying out of war
Neutrality Act-
- Neutrality Act of 1935- Stop trading with countries at war
- Neutrality Act of 1936- Stop loaning money to countries at war
- Neutrality Act of 1937- Cash and Carry system- Weapons not included
- Neutrality Act of 1939-Cash and Carry System- weapons included
Quarantine Speech-1937
- Speech said countries needed to work together so they don't keep expanding
Panay Incident- December 1937-
- American gunboat attacked on river in China by Japan
- 3 US troops killed, 45 wounded
- Japan said it was an accident, apologized and paid US money
- Worsened US-Japanese relations
Bases for Destroyers-
- 50 US destroyers were given to Great Britain in exchange for land rights(for 99 years) on British colonies for naval or air base purposes
End of US Neutrality-Lend Lease Act-
- The end of neutrality for the US came with the Lend-lease Act, passed in March 1941
- This act allowed the US to sell, lend or give war materials to nations the US wanted to support
- US gave $50 billion($650 billion today) to Allied nations throughout the war
Selective Training and Service Act-
- Passed in September 1940 and ended in 1947
- Required that men between the ages of 21 and 35 register for the draft
- Extended to all men aged 18-45 once US entered war
- First peacetime draft in US history
Atlantic Charter- World goals with the US
- Signed in August 1941 between the US and Great Britain
- Defined the Allied goals for the post-war world
- Many similarities to Wilson's 14 points
Pearl Harbor-
- Why would Japan attack us?
- They thought US would get into the war so why not knock them out before they are in
Wednesday-
Presentations
Thursday-
- USA ContinuedWar with Phillippines
- Pearl Harbor - December 7th, 1941
- Atlantic Charter
- Signed in August 1941 between US (Roosevelt) and GB (Churchill)
- Defined the Allied gaols for the post-war world (USA War goals set)
- many similarities to Wilson's 14 points
- Sunday morning
- Japan canceled the 3rd wave because they didn't have ths surpise effect anymore
- Resounding victory for Japan
- Wanted to attack the US because they thought they could eliminate them before they even came into the war
- Atlantic Charter
- Last time officially declared war: December 8th, 1941
- FDR's War Message
- Pearl Harbor was not the only area attacked by Japan on December 7th
- "Yesterday the Japanese Government alos launched an attack against Malaysia"
- Japan acted like they wanted peace but then they attacked
- Why did they attack us?
- After Japan invaded France Indochina in 1940, US stopped trading with Japan
- Japan signed the Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact in April 1941 guarenteeing that Japan and USSR would not go to war
- Japan realized that they needed US trade (oil) to be successful in the war
- Only way to force US' hand was to hit them hard in a surpise attack forcing them out of the war
- Japan knew that this plan was a huge risk, but thought it was the only way to defeat US
- Plan backfired. Instead, Japan "awoke a sleeping giant"
- Backdoor to War Conspiracy
- FDR wanted into the war, he got in the back door (Pacific) not the front door (Atlantic)
- Pearl Harbor - December 7th, 1941
- Macauthur was in charge of the forces in the Phillippines
- Baton Death March
- Island of the Phillipines
- Soldiers were forced to move camp to camp
- Many died of mistreatment, famine, and lack of water
- 650 American POWs killed
- 10,000 Filipinos killed
Doolittle's Raid-April 1942
- James Doolittle was the gereral/in charge of the battle
- One of the first strikes against Japan right after Pearl Harbor (5 months after)
- Wanted to get back at Japan, so they went after the mainland
- Take off from aircraft carriers (had to scrap carriers and planes in order to make the planes light enough)
- Militarily, it was extremely stupid ... But it was for the people to show that we're getting back at them
Friday-
Great Britain
Churchill
- Born November 30, 1874 and died at age 90 in 1965
- Was sent to boarding school near London
- In 1893 he headed off to military school(After he became journalist)(Age 26- published 6 books)
- How he became to power?
- Gained more members in his conservative party
- How he lost power?
- Attlee won all the vote in 1945 election
- Right after he lead the allies to victory
Attlee
- How he came to power?
- Won the 1945 election
Chamberlain
- Prime minister of Great Britain right before War
- How he came to power?
- Led Britain the first 8 months of WWII
Battle Strategies-
- Survived German bombing campaign
- Churchill's idea to defeat Germany- then go up through Italy instead of defeating France right away
Major Events-
- London Naval Conference
- 1930
- Was the third in a series of 5 meetings
- Formed with the purpose of placing limits on the naval capacity of the world's largest naval power
- League of Nations
- Formed in 1920
- Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland
- Created after WWI to provide a forum for resolving international disputes
- WWI Payments
- Germany had to pay Great Britain payments to help them repair all the damage
- Had to pay Great Britain about 34 billion
- Germany had o pay a total of 132 billion Reichsmarks for the damage that was done
- Washington Naval Conference
- Between 1921-1922
- World's largest naval powers that was gathered in Washington D.C. for a conference to discuss naval disarmament and ways to relieve growing tensions in East Asia
- Munich Conference
- September 28-29, 1938
- Leaders of Great Britain, France, and Italy agreed to allow Germany to annex certain areas of Czechoslovakia
- Kellogg Briand Pact
- 1928
- It was an agreement to outlaw war
- Signed on August 27, 1928
- Called "Pact of Paris
Basic Facts
- Alliances- US, China, Denmark, Greece, Mexico, Soviet Union, France, Australia
- Casualties- Military 326,000 Civilian- 62,000
- Deaths- 452,000 Civilians- 60,000 Allies- 44 Million total
Cost of War
- 1945- $120 billion
War goals-
- Stop Hitler
- To survive
- To win
Major battles-
- Battle of North Africa
- Started June 10, 1940 to May 13, 1943
- Britain depended on oil from Suez Canal
- Battle of Britain
- July 10th 1940
- Germany and Hitler conquered Europe
- Great Britain was left
- Germany bombed Great Britain every day
- Great Britain tried taking over the Royal Air force(British air force)
- Allies won because of the radar
- Hitler wanted air superiority over Royal Air Forces and Britain
- Luftwaffe(British army) targets RAF airfields and raids cities
- British people show great residence to the assault
- Germany fails to destroy British air defences
- Battle of Italy
- September 3, 1943-1944
- US and Great Britain planned to invade Italy
- Plan was to get Italy out of the war
- Italy surrendered, Allies won
People who had major impact-
- Winston Churchill- Prime minister of Britain
The Great Depression-
- Largest economic depression of the 20th century in UK
- American markets crashed in 1929
- Huge unemployment rate
1930s- Road to War
- Signs of threat from Germany
- Neville Chamberlain's policy of appeasement
WWII-
- War declaration on Germany in 1939
- Winston Churchill's appointment to prime minister
- Evacuation of British soldiers from Belgium
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