February 6- February 10

[5 Tara]

February 6 (Monday)- Talked about Super Bowl, and continued presentations notes below

February 7 (Tuesday)- Continued presentations 

February 8 (Wednesday)- Snow day 

February 9  (Thursday)- Continued presentations 

February 10 (Friday)- Mr. Bruns started to review things and wrap things up notes below 

Hundred Years War 

Definition 

• A war between France and Britain that lasted from the middle of the 14th Century to the middle of the 15th. The kings of England invaded France, trying to claim the throne 

Basic Fact

• France and England/Britain were the countries involved
• Lasted 116 years 

Causes 

• Struggle for French throne 
• English duchy of Guienne across English Channel 
• English despise French rule 
• King Charles IV of France died (no children)
• King Edward III provoked to claim throne (through his mother, Isabella of France 
• Constant struggle for the throne of France

Goals 

• Wool Trade 
• Land 
• Support for Scotland 

Major Leaders 

French 

• Joan of Arc 
  • Medieval French Woman 
  • Started a mission 
  • Lead the French 
  • "Maid of Orleans" 
  • Burned at the stake 
  • Canonized May 16, 1920
• King Philip VI the Fortune 
• King John II the Good 
• King Charles V the Wise 
  • Married his cousin when he was 12 
  • 11 children with his cousin 18 total
  • Chaos broke out 
  • Created Medieval

The Great Schism 

• The First Great Schism 
  • Definition
    • Also called the East-West Schism
    • A conflict that divided Christianity into Western Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy 
  • Causes
    • Disputes over conflicting claims of jurisdiction, in particular over papal authority
    • Pope Leo IX claimed he held authority over the four Eastern patriarchs and over the insertion of the Filioque clause into the Nicene Creed 
  • Leaders
    • Michael Cerularius
      • Led the Eastern Christian churches
    • Pope Leo IX
      • Led the Western Church
  • Early Schisms
    • There were many schisms before due to disputes over the religion and churches
    • From 343 to 398, the church was divided due to Arianism
    • The church was then divided again in 404 due to controversy over John Chrysostom's writings  
    • The dispute was dissolved in 415 when the eastern patriarchs recognized that John Chrysostom was "legit"
  • Impact
    • It was the formal break of communion between the Eastern Orthodox church and the Roman Catholic church
    • One of the most significant events in the history of Christianity 
    • Had a huge impact on the developments of Europe
• The Second Great Schism- The Western Schism/The Papal Schism 

Mr. Bruns Presentation: 

• England Anglo-Saxon kingdoms covered Britain 
• Vikings invaded later in the 800's 

Norman Conquest

• Invader of England was William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy 
• Normandy (North men) is a region in northern France that had been conquered by the Vikings 
• As King Edward's cousin, William claimed the English crown after Edward died and invaded England with a Norman army 
• William the Conqueror's main rival was Harold Godwinson, and Anglo-Saxon who also claimed the English throne 
• In the Battle of Hastings, Normans defeated the Harold and Anglo-Saxons
  • Harold was killed in battle 
• William went on to unify the entire country of England setting the stage for centralized government 

England's Evolving Government 

• Overs the next couple of centuries Kings tried to achieve two goals

1. Wanted to hold and add to French lands 
2. Strengthen their own power over the nobles and the Church 

• Common law became the basis of English law 
  • Decisions made by English judges over the centuries added to this law 
• Due to the terrible leadership of King John Softsword the Magna Carta was written 

Magna Carta 

• Reluctantly signed by King John because it limited the kings power 
• Guaranteed people certain political rights 
  • No taxation without representation 
  • Jury trial 
  • Protection of the law 
• The English Parliament got it's start with the next English King, Edward I 

Capetian Dynasty Rules France

• There were 47 feudal territories in France
• Hugh Capet came to power and ushered in the Capetian Dynasty that would rule France 
• The strength of these Capetian Kings helped unite France 

Key Terms

• Avignon
• College of Cardinals
• Great Schism
• John Wycliffe
• Jan Hus
• Bubonic plague
• 100 Years' War
• Joan of Arc

Popes v. Kings

• This period was known as the Age of Faith
  • Religion was extremely important to people
• Pope Boniface VIII faced off against King Philip IV of France
• King Philip said that he had authority over bishops in France
• Pope Boniface said that kings had to obey popes 
• Philip captured Boniface and held him prisoner
• Boniface was rescued but died soon thereafter
• Due to this situation, kings would no longer feel forced to obey popes