WWII:
Countries:
-US, allied, FDR
1. Background prior to coming to power
Born in New York to a rich family. Got Polio in 1921, leaving him paralyzed. Lost the 1920 election for vice-president.
2. How they came to power
1932 election, beat Hoover
3. Once in power, how did they change their country, both positive and negative
New Deal- helped the U.S. economy recover from the great depression
4. What was their role in World War II
Neutrality- stayed neutral until Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor- December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the naval base of Pearl Harbor, December 8, 1941, Roosevelt declares war on Japan, December 12, 1941, Germany declares war on the U.S.
Pacific War- Battle of Midway, turning point of the Pacific war, pushed Japan back with island hoping, Atomic bombs dropped to end war with Japan
Africa- 1942, fought Germans and Italians
Italy- moved north from Africa through Italy
D-Day- June 6, 1944, invaded occupied France, beginning of the end for Nazi Germany
Yalta Conference- Last time Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill met, decided to split Germany into four pieces
The End-Death- died April 1945, one month before the end of the war
5. How they lost power
Died from stroke during his 4th term
-Great Britain, allied, Churchill
-Germany, axis, Hitler
1. Background prior to coming to power
2. How they came to power
Tried to overthrow the government, didn't work and decided to take power legally. Was appointed chancellor, once Hindenburg died, allowing Hitler to dismantle the German Democracy
3. Once in power, how did they change their country, both positive and negative
4. What was their role in World War II
Holocaust- moved Jews to concentration camps to do slave work, later they were killed in gas chambers
Non-Aggression Pact with USSR
Invasion of Poland- 9-1-39
Invasion of Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Netherlands, France- Spring/Early summer 1940
Battle of Britain
Invasion of USSR
-Leningrad, Moscow, Stalingrad
-Long supply lines, Russian winter
Berlin-The End- May 8, 1945, VE-day (victory in Europe day)
Germany splits in two
5. How they lost power
He and his wife committed suicide in their bunker when the Russians were in Berlin
-Japan, axis, Emperor Hirohito, Tojo
1. Background prior to coming to power
Tojo was involved in military
Hirohito was born to royalty
2. How they came to power
Tojo was appointed by Hirohito
Hirohito was the son of the emperor, father resigned
3. Once in power, how did they change their country, both positive and negative
invaded nearby lands to expand the Japanese empire
killed and abused millions of Chinese
4. What was their role in World War II
5. How they lost power
Tojo, tried to commit suicide but failed, was hanged in the US for his war crimes
-USSR (Russia), allied, Stalin
1. Background prior to coming to power
Was born with many health problems (smallpox), yet he got a scholarship at age 16. Fought in the Bolshevik Revolution.
2. How they came to power
Power struggle between Stalin and Trotsky after previous leader died, Stalin forced Trotsky to back down and later killed him
3. Once in power, how did they change their country, both positive and negative
Industrialization- tried to get Russia into the industrial revolution
Nationalization- you couldn't own a business, government controls all businesses
Collectivization- you couldn't own a farm, you worked on government controlled farms
Great Purges- Killed everyone he didn't trust, millions were killed, he killed his doctors because he thought they were trying to poison him
5 Year Plan- trying to increase the industrial and agricultural output of the USSR
4. What was their role in World War II
Non-Aggression Pact- agreement between Hitler and Stalin to trade and not fight, even though they didn't like each other
Invade Poland/Finland- Both Germany and Russia invaded Poland and Finland on September 1, 1939
Hitler Breaks Non-Aggression Pact- June 1941, Hitler thought he had the British under control; he thought he could fight the Russians now
Scorched Earth Policy- Stalin ordered his retreating troops to destroy any weapons and supplies they couldn't carry; didn't let the Germans have it
Leningrad/Moscow/Stalingrad- Operation Barbarossa, Hitler thought that if he could take these 3 cities, he could defeat Russia. Russians stopped the Germans in Leningrad and Stalingrad. Laid siege to Leningrad, bombarded them and cut off supplies.
Berlin-The End- Took two years to push the Germans all the way to Berlin, Germans surrendered after Russians entered the city
Cold War- lasts from 1945 to 1991, war between Soviets and remaining allies (mainly the U.S.)
5. How they lost power
died in 1953 of illness
-Italy, axis, Mussolini
1. Background prior to coming to power
Dad was an atheist, mom was a Catholic, Mussolini eventually took his fathers side. Was forced to go to Catholic school, where he was expelled for stabbing students. Made a deal with the Catholic church so he could get Italy's respect.
2. How they came to power
Was asked to take power so communism wouldn't spread to Italy.
3. Once in power, how did they change their country, both positive and negative
He set up a strong, non-communistic government that helped Italy run more efficiently. He invaded Ethiopia and Albania even though he wasn't prepared for war. He had to be bailed out by Germany multiple times.
4. What was their role in World War II
He wanted to recreate the Roman Empire
5. How they lost power
He was captured, stoned, spit on, shot, and hanged
Video Project: Winston Churchill
1. Background prior to coming to power
Born November 1874 to an Aristocrat (wealthy) family, didn't do well in formal school, went to Harrow Boarding School and joined the military. Wrote books on military life during WWI and after. Went into politics soon after; He switched political parties twice. Became First Lord of the Admiralty, setting up the British air corps and modernizing the navy. Was seen as a man who would do the up-most to maintain law and order (even if he had to use brutal techniques and force). Stayed out of government until Hitler and the Nazis rose.
2. How they came to power
He worked his way up (war correspondent, President of the Board of Trade, Home Secretary, First Lord of Admiralty, Prime Minister). Elected or placed to each post. Elected 1939 into Prime Minister post
3. Once in power, how did they change their country, both positive and negative
positive- updated the Navy, inspired the British people with speeches, formed the alliance between Britain, USSR, and US
negative- he used force to keep law and order
4. What was their role in World War II-alliance, strategy/tactics
The first thing Churchill did was appoint intelligent people to important posts. He visited Roosevelt and Stalin many times and created the foundation for the alliance between them. Though he could have stayed safe and comfy in Britain, he continually visited bombed areas of France to be with the people there. He also influenced his people and the world with famous speeches throughout the duration of WWII. He created commando units to disrupt German lines.
Anti-Appeasement-Munich Conference- Great Britain and France wanted to appease Hitler so they wouldn't have to go to war, gave Hitler the Sudetenland in exchange of no more invasions. Hitler invades Czechoslovakia later that year. Still no response to Hitler's actions. Churchill didn't agree with it
Strong Anti-Communist- made lots of anti-communistic comments, said that the Soviet Union was a bigger threat than Germany later in the war
Battle of Britain- Germany bombs Britain, Churchill gave speeches to encourage people
Friends with FDR- met 11 times throughout the war, Churchill and FDR wanted the US to get involved
No Armistice- no allowance for the Nazis to stay in power, no negotiations with Hitler
"Soft Underbelly of Europe"- invasion of Italy, weaker than Germany
D-Day- June 6, 1944, invasion of occupied France
Defeated by Atlee- Churchill and his political party is defeated by Atlee
5. How did they lose power
He lost the general election in July 1945
Sources:
"Winston Churchill Biography." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 07 Feb. 2014.
http://www.biography.com/people/winston-churchill-9248164?page=1
"Winston Churchill." History Learning Site. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Feb. 2014.
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