We continued with presenting. If I need additional notes, I can click on this link.
Mussolini-Italy (Axis Powers)
1. Background prior to coming to power
Troubled youth, stabbed someone with a pen knife so he got kicked out. He was an elementary school teacher. Was a socialist in a country of Catholics, his dad was an atheist and dad was a Catholic.
2. How they came to power
The king appointed him as prime minister because he thought he could help keep the Communists out of It. Communism were coming to power.
3. Once in power, how did they change their country, both positive and negative
Positive:
He set up a strong government (kept communism out), Got the country back up and running after WWI, He made everything run more efficiently like the trains.
Negative:
He invaded several countries like Ethiopia, Albania, etc. (He wasn't very prepared to go to war so they were invading weak countries and Hitler had to of bailed them out)
4. What was their role in World War II
To keep communists out and recreate the Roman Empire. The factious party: Government that stresses militarism, nationalism, and imperialism. He wanted to make the Mediterranean Sea into his own lake.
5. How they lost power
Was shot, hung, and dragged around by the Italians.
Stalin- Soviet Union (Allied Power)
Stalin means man of steel.
1. Background prior to coming to power
He was born with a lot of health problems. He was born in Georgia, in Russia. He had small pox, a lot of scars on his face. He was very short, at 5'3. He was a Bolshevik. Vladimir Lenin was the first leader, and Stalin took him over.
2. How they came to power
There was a power struggle between Stalin and Leon Trotsky. Stalin came to power in 1927. He had Trotsky killed in Mexico.
3. Once in power, how did they change their country, both positive and negative
Positive:
Industrialization: Process to becoming a more industrialized county. 5 Year Plans: He made a 5 year plan to increase farm and industrialization. Every 5 years they would make a new goal to meet. There was a major famine, and people quit farming. Millions of people died.
Negative
The Great Purges: Stalin would go kill anyone he did not trust. He killed millions of people in the military and the government. He was very paranoid, and he assumed he was being murdered by his doctors so he killed most of his doctors. The purges happened throughout the 30's. Nationalization: The process of nationalizing the businesses of the country. They made the businesses government controlled. Collectivization: These large, government controlled farms. You didn't own your own farm, you would work for a government farm. They say between 20 and 60 million people over-all were killed.
4. What was their role in World War II
Non Aggression Pact: Hitler and Stalin signed it. I was an agreement not to fight each other. It would be a trade deal. Stalin would give Hitler raw materials and Stalin would give Hitler war goods. It was a "marriage on convenience". It was convenient for the both of them. They don't like each other, they hate each other, but it kept them without worrying. Invade Poland/ Finland/ etc.: They invaded Poland because it was taken away from them after WW1, so they wanted to get it back. They took over Poland. Hitler Breaks Non Aggression Pact: June of 1941, 2 years after the pact was signed. You were either an alliance w/ Hitler, a non aggression pact w/ Hitler, pr invaded by Hitler. Hitler realized he didn't have anywhere to worry about, so he decided to invade Russia. Scorched Earth Policy: Stalin ordered it. They destroyed everything that could be used as a weapon by the Germans. They had lots of land. Leningrad/Moscow/Stalingrad: Hitler believed if he captured those 3 cities, they would take the whole country. They never got to Moscow. Instead of invading Leningrad, they surround it. The Soviets win, Germany doesn't. Stalingrad was lots of fighting. The end-Berlin: 2.5-3 years it took the Soviets to slowly push the Germans back to Berlin. The Russians entered Berlin. And the Germans surrendered on May 8,1945. Cold War: 45-91. It was fought when now no one was worried about the Germans, everyone worried about the Soviets and the communists.
5. How they lost power
He died of a stroke in 1953 while he was still in power.
Churchill
1. Background prior to coming to power
He was born into a wealthy family in 1874. He wasn't very good at formal schools, he struggled. He had a speech problem his whole life. He went to boarding school and began his career in the military. He wrote books and short stories about wars. He became the first lord of the admiralty and he set up the British air corps and modernized the navy. In WW1, he wasn't fighting as a soldier, he was with them, but he wrote about it, didn't fight.
2. How they came to power
Left off here today, will continue tomorrow.
3. Once in power, how did they change their country, both positive and negative
4. What was their role in World War II
5. How they lost power
Hitler
This was my topic, I have the link to my video! The following notes are from Mr. Bruns:
Background
- born in 1889 in Austria
- dropped out of school at 16
- wanted to be and artist and architect
- failed to get into art school
- moved to Germany in 1913
- joined German Army when WWI broke out
- was wounded twice (once by gas)
- won numerous medals
- accepted the “stab in the back” theory
- hated Weimer Republic
- joined the Nationalist Socialist German Worker’s Party (Nazi) after WWI
- voted Fuhrer (Leader) of the Nazi Party in 1921
Nazi party attracted the following groups of people:
1. Manual laborers
2. Former soldiers
3. Adventurers and misfits
The Nazi Party:
1. was violently nationalistic
2. was anti-Semitic (anti-Jew)
3. Hated the democratic Weimer Republic
4. talked of the Volk (German common people) superiority
Beer Hall Putsch (1923)
- Hitler and the Nazis tried to take over the German Gov’t
- Failed miserably
- Hitler was arrested for treason
- Got five years but only served 9 months
While in prison he wrote his book Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
Outlined Hitler’s ideas:
1. Aryans were the superior race
- Germans, Dutch, Belgians, Scandinavians and English
- No interbreeding
2. Anti-Semitic beliefs
- Hated Jews, inferior race
- Hitler associated them with the Weimer Republic and communism
3. Hated democracy
- Believed one person had to have the power to keep order and discipline
4. Undo the Treaty of Versailles
5. Re-unite German speaking peoples
- Austria, Sudetenland, Danzig, Poland
6. Lebensraum
- “Living space” in Russia for the German People
- Hitler also learned that he would have to come to power legally
- January 30, 1933, Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany
- Within 18 months Hitler had total power and created “The Third Reich”
Original notes format:
1. Background prior to coming to power
His dad was mean because he didn't want him to turn out like his brother who was in jail. His mom was nice, but died of breast cancer. He was convinced his mother's doctor was jewish and hated him for that. At a young age he knew he hated jews. He wanted to be an artist.
2. How they came to power.
Hindenburg died when Hitler was appointed Chanceler. He then took over after Hindenburg.
3. Once in power, how did they change their country, both positive and negative
He got their country out of poverty and depression. But he killed millions of people and destroyed many lives in concentration camps. He was a dictator so his word was the only word, and sometimes it was bad.
4. What was their role in World War II
1. Holocaust: 6 million Jews, 12 million people were killed. 2: Non Aggression Pact w/ USSR 3:Invasion of Poland: Happened on September 1, 1939 4: Invasion of Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Lux, Netherlands, France: Invaded them, but first bombed them. Bombed them on a "blitzkrieg" which was when you go crazy bombing on them. They invaded them spring/ early summer. 5: Battle of Britain: Later 1940. Germany started bombing Britain all day and night for years. 6: Invasion of USSR: He breaks the non aggression pact and invades Russia. They never captured Leningrad, Moscow, or Stalingrad. They had long supply lines. 7: Berlin: The Russians pushed Germany back to Berlin. It ended on May 8, 1945- VE day. 8: Germany split in two: We weren't worried about Germany anymore, we were worried about the soviets and weren't sure what to do with the soviets.
5. How they lost power
Him and his wife killed themselves on the same day once they realized they lost the war.
FDR
1. Background prior to coming to power
He was born in NYC to a very wealthy family. In 1921 he got polio which made him handicap and in a wheelchair. He was assistant sec. of the Navy. He ran for vp in 1920 under James Cox- democrat and lost. He was the governor of New York.
2. How they came to power
He won the election of 1932 against Herbert Hoover. Then won the 36 and 40 election.
3. Once in power, how did they change their country, both positive and negative
Positive: The New Deal. AAA, FDIC, SCC, WPA, CWA, NYA, CCC, and HOLC.
4. What was their role in World War II
1. Neutrality
We were neutral until
2. Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941. It was a territory, not a state. On December 8th, FDR gave his war message to congress. 3 days later, Germany declared war on us on December 11, 1941.
3. Pacific War
From June 1942 to August 1945 we were slowly pushing the japs back to Japan using a strategy known as island hopping. You hit a major island, hop over some islands and invaded, then kept going. Atomic bombs on August 1945 ended the war. VJ Day, victory in Japan day.
4. Africa
We invaded Africa in 1942. We won it in 8-10 months. We fought German and Italian troops.
5. Italy
After Africa, we invaded Italy.
6. D-Day
We invaded France on June 6, 1944 and were there until May 8, 1945. We pushed the Germans out to Berlin.
7. Yalta Conference
It was all about what was going to happen to Germany after the war. They were going to split it into 4 sections. Each country would control a part of it. US, GB, France, and Russia. Eventually they split into 2, and now they are one country.
8. The end- Death
He died in April 1945, one month before the end of the war.
5. How they lost power
He died of a stroke in office.
Tojo
1. Background prior to coming to power
2. How they came to power
3. Once in power, how did they change their country, both positive and negative
4. What was their role in World War II
5. How they lost power
Hirohito
1. Background prior to coming to power
2. How they came to power
3. Once in power, how did they change their country, both positive and negative
4. What was their role in World War II
5. How they lost power
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