Monday- Discussed Italy
Italy
Major events that impacted their country between WWI and WWII.
- Italy was not happy with the Treaty of Versailles
- 5 power pact
- Signed by GB, US, Japan, France and Italy
- Designed to prevent an arm's race
- It limited the construction of battleships, battle cruisers and aircraft carriers
- Did not restrict cruisers, destroyers or submarines
- 9 power pact
- Italy also signed this
- Guaranteed Chinese independence and upheld the Open Door Policy (Free trade with China)
- Kellogg-Briand Pact
- Italy signed
- Countries pledged not to use war as a way to settle disputes
- Ethiopia invaded by Mussolini
- In 1936
- King Victor Emmanuel
- Asked Mussolini to take over power in Italy to keep the communists out of Italy
- Established Fascism in Italy
- A government led by a strong dictator
- Stresses strong nationalism, militarism and imperialism
- Uses intimidation to get what they want
- "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
- Benito Mussolini
- "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state."
- Generalissimo Francisco Franco and the Spanish Civil War - 1936
- Hitler and Mussolini send troops and weapons to help win the civil war against the communists
- Rome-Berlin Axis - 1936
- Tripartite Pact is signed forming the Axis Powers - 1940
- Germany, Italy and Japan
- Tripartite Pact is signed forming the Axis Powers - 1940
Basic facts: alliance, total casualties, total cost, war goals, etc
- Alliance - the Axis powers
- Mussolini was arrested in 1943
- This caused a civil war in Italy
- Civil war was 1943-1945
- Italian Resistance and Co-Belligerent army fought and defeated Fascist Italian Social Republic
- Lost about 454,600 people
- About $94 billion dollars were spent for Italy by 1945, around a trillion dollars today
- Italy had poor leadership after Mussolini and bad weapons
- Men didn't have a desire to fight
- Make a new Roman Empire
- Make the Mediterranean and "Italian Lake"
- Take over northern African colonies of Britain and France - especially Egypt
- Take over southeastern Europe - Greece and Albania
- Take over parts of the Middle East
Tell us about their leader(s) during WWII: background, how they came to power, how they lost power
- Benito Mussolini
- Born in 1883
- Went to a boarding school
- Worked in a blacksmith shop
- Emigrated to Switzerland to avoid serving in the military
- Journalist for a popular Italian newspaper
- Wanted to be an elementary school teacher
- Joined the army in 1917 to fight against the central powers in WWI
- Against war and military prior to WWI
- Using journalism, was able to convince people to believe in Fascism
- Created the Blackshirts that went to overthrow the Prime Minister
- Mussolini became the new Prime Minister
- Him and his mistress were killed. Executed on April 29, 1945
Impact of their Homefront and propaganda and what it was like in their country during the war
- Economic problems in the years before the war
- Considered not prepared for major military battle in 1942
- There was propaganda about the homefront
Major battle strategies
- Invade Albania
- Invade Greece
- Mediterranean and North African Plan
- Control these areas
Major battles that the country was involved in
Other people/generals from their country in WWII that had a major impact on the war
- Pietro Badoglio
- Born September 28, 1871
- Died November 1, 1956
- Promoted to general in WWI
- Responsible for armistice to Allies
- Ugo Cavallero
- Born September 20, 1880
- Died September 13, 1943
- Promoted to general in WWI
- Committed suicide rather than surrendering
- Giovanni Messe
- Born December 10, 1883
- Died December 19, 1963
- Became General in 1935
- Wrote about his experiences
- Considered best Italian general in WWII
- Arturo Riccardi
- Born October 30, 1878
- Died December 20, 1966
- Became Admiral in 1940
- Lost position when Mussolini died
Why they won or lost the war
- Lost as Axis powers, but switched to Allied and won.
- Axis lost to the stronger Allied powers.
- Italy had to surrender to the Allied powers.
- Italy was not prepared militarily to fight a prolonged war
- Germany had to constantly bail Italy out
- Italian troops were spread to thin - Africa, Mediterranean, Albania, Greece, Soviet Union, France.
- Battle of Britain
- The people of Italy were not prepared to fight or motivated to fight. They were forced to fight.
- Overall, Italy was just a weak country.
Impact WWII had on the country
- Before the war, Italy was disappointed with no territorial gains. But their allies did in WWI.
- Therefore, it lead to political and economical struggles for a while.
- Led led to nationalism and Mussolini's rise to power.
- Then that led them to being friends with Nazi Germany
- Then in 1939 they invaded Albania to expand.
- Italy enters Japan and the Axis powers in 1940.
- Italy and them take land but then the Allies come and force Italy to surrender Eastern Africa territories
- Italy didn't like that so this forced the Allied powers to invade the Italy homeland in 1943
- Allied powers ended up controlling all of Italy in 1944
Tuesday- Finished Italy
Wednesday- Quiz
Thursday- Started Germany notes
Germany
Major events that impacted their country between WWI and WWII.
- The Soviets went into Germany and raped all the women from age 8-80
- October 16 - Hermann Goring commits suicide two hours before his scheduled execution
- Head of the German air force
- Treaty of Versailles
- Weren't happy because so much land was taken away
- Invaded countries that they lost land to
- Military was downsized
- Lost land
- Had to pay $33 billion to the Allies
- Had to take responsibility for the war
- Weimer Republic
- Democratic government set up by Germany after WWI
- Hitler did not like them
- Allowed Hitler to be appointed as Chancellor
- Hitler used his powers to dissolve the government
- Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
- Russia gave raw materials to Germany in exchange for money and weapons
- Both agreed to stay neutral if the other entered the war
- Secretly agreed to invade and split Poland. Germany would get the Western half and USSR the Eastern half
- Russia would get Finland, Estonia and Latvia and Germany would get Lithuania
- How did the world react to the pact?
- Shock
- Poland was scared
- Hitler thought it would force Great Britain and France to back out of their promise to help Poland if attacked
- How did the world react to the pact?
Basic facts: alliance, total casualties, total cost, war goals, etc
- The total causalities is around 2 million
- The total cost was over 1.6 trillion
- Allies were Italy, Japan
- Allied troops entered and occupied German territory during the later stages of WWI
- Mass rapes took place both in connection with combat operations and during the subsequent occupation
- Soviet's went into Germany and raped many females from age 8-80
- Wanted to reunite German speaking people, take over Europe
Tell us about their leader(s) during WWII: background, how they came to power, how they lost power
- Adolf Hitler
- April 20, 1889 - April 30, 1949
- 5 siblings, 2 older
- In the army
- Chancellor 1933-34
- Leader in 1934
- Committed suicide
- Wanted to become an artist
- Born in Austria
- Joined the German army in WWI
- Heinrich Himmler
- Grammar school
- Officer candidate
- Second in command
- Head of the Gestapo
- Committed suicide
- Joseph Goebbles
- October 29, 1897 - May 1, 1945
- Had a deformed leg
- Was rejected from the military
- Leader of the enlightenment
- Propaganda
- Committed suicide
- Albert Speer
- March 19, 1905 - September 1981
- Was an architect
- Was very sorry for what the Nazi's did
- Took moral responsibility
- Died of a stroke
Impact of their Homefront and propaganda and what it was like in their country during the war
- A lot of people got jobs in factories to build weapons and other things for the war
- The German economy was about to collapse and hardly anyone had money and most people couldn't afford a job or anything else
Major battle strategies
- Germany wanted to focus on offensive fighting
- Airplanes
- Tanks
- Be fast and overwhelm
- Take over
- Called "Blitzkrieg"
- Achieve victory as quickly as possible
Major battles that the country was involved in
- Invaded countries - Spring and early summer of 1940
- Luxembourg
- Belgium
- Netherlands
- Denmark
- Norway
- France
Other people/generals from their country in WWII that had a major impact on the war
Why they won or lost the war
Impact WWII had on the country
Friday- Continued Germany notes
Comments
Why was this published last night? It should have been published last Monday.