February 20 through February 24

[8Enya]

1. Hoover Moratorium - One year halt on German war payments to France. One year halt on war payments from Great Britian and France to the US.
2. Mexican Repatriation - Mexican immigrants were encouraged/forced to go back to Mexico.
3. Revenue Act of 1932 - Increased taxes so US gov't had $$.
4. Hawley-Smoot Tariff - Raised tariffs to record levels.
5. Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) - 1932 - Gave loans to banks, state and local govt's, and business' to create projects/jobs for people. Gave states loans for emergency relief needs. Started under Hoover. Not as successful as Hoover had hoped. Dissolved in 1946 after WWII.
6. Boulder (Hoover) Dam - Boulder Dam (now Hoover Dam) is located near Las Vegas. The Hoover Dam project including the dam, the All-American Canal, the town of Boulder City, highways, railroads, and various other works, cost $165 million to build.
7. Relief, Reform, and Recovery - Relief for the needy, economic recovery, and financial reform.
8. A. What were some of the reasons the New Deal was challenged? 1.) Created a very powerful president that led Congress, this was a violation of checks and balances. 2.) It was a radical departure from Laissez Faire ideals. Created "big government". 3.) Some acts appeared interfering and at worst unconsituational. 4.) Heavy debt burden - the US was engaged in deficit spending and this was unhealthy for the economy in the long run.
9. Father Charles Caughlin - was a very popular person on the radio, until he started blaming the economy's downfall on Jews.
10. Francis Townshend - helped get social security passed
11. Senator Huey Long - was going to run for president in 1976, but was killed in 1975
12. What did the New Deal do to help people unemployed people, young people, banks, stock market, factory workers, farmers, homeowners, elderly, consumers, native Americans? - 
13. Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) - Gave loans to banks, state, and local govt's, and business' to create projects/jobs for people
14. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) - CCC members worked 40 hours a week and were paid $30/month, with the requirement that $25 of that be sent home to family. It was limited to young men ages 18-25 whose fathers were on relief (passed in 1933 during the "One Hundred Days"). Members lived in camps, wore uniforms, and lived under military discipline. The US Army operated the camps.Planted trees, fought forest fires, stopped soil erosion. Helped construct military bases during WWII, funding stopped 1942. Their slogan was "We can take it!"
15. National Youth Administration (NYA) - Established in 1935 and was a part of the WPA. Pushed heavily by Eleanor Roosevelt (ER). Served 327,000 high school and college youth, who were paid $6 to $40 a month for "work study" projects at their schools. It allowed thousands of young people to stay in school. Another 155,000 boys ad girls from relief families were paid $10 to $25 a month for part time work that included job training. Unlike CCC, it included young women. The youth normally lived at home, and worked on construction or repair projects. 
16. Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA) - Enacted in 1933. Distributed more than  20 million dollars in direct aid to the unemployed. This in turn would help the unemployed to find new jobs. FERA had three primary objectives: 1.) direct relief measures 2.) provide work for employable people, 3.) provide many different types of relief programs.
17. Public Works Administration (PWA) - Established in 1933. Created jobs (ex. buildings) as possible in many different varieties. Great example of FDR's "priming the pump". PWA funded more than 34,000 projects including airports, dams, aircraft carriers, bridges, etc.
18. Civil Works Administration (CWA) - Established in 1933 to create jobs for millions of the unemployed. The CWA created construction jobs- buildings, bridges, school, playgrounds, etc.
19. Works Progress Administration - Established in 1935. The WPA was a "make work" program that provided jobs and income to the unemployed during the Great Depression. The projects primarily employed unskilled workers in construction projects across the nation,
20. Emergency Banking Relief Act (EBRA) - passed in response to the thousands of banks that closed down. It would close down the bank, reorganize it and then reopen the bank when it was stable. Bank Holiday - to shut down the bank for a period of time
21. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) - Created by the Glass-Steagall Act in 1933. Insured people's money in banks up to $1000 (today up to $250,000. Passed because of bank failures after the Stock Market Crash. Insures money in savings and checking account, money market accounts and CD's.
22. Federal Securities Act - passed in 1933. Made the stock market a safer place for people to invest their money. 2 Goals - 1.) "required that investors receive significant info. regarding securities being offered for public sale" 2.) "prohibited deceit, misrepresentations, and other fraud in the sale of securities to the public"
23. Seecurities and Exchange Commission (SEC) - Established in 1934 and is still around today. Regulates the stock market (made the market more secure and safer for the people's money)
24. National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) - Established "codes of fair competition" aimed at supporting prices and wages and stimulating economic recovery from the Great Depression. Was created to enforce codes. The NRA tried to make voluntary agreements with business' dealing with hours of work, rates of pay, and the fixing of prices. Businesses that voluntarily complied could display the Blue Eagle. It Also helped create jobs for unemployed workers (building schools). Section 7A guaranteed workers the right to unionize.
25. National Labor Practices Relations Act/Board (NLRA(B) - Established in 1935. Conducts elections for unions. Stresses collective bargaining, investigates and fixes unfair labor and practices, governed by a five-person board whose members are appointed by the President.
26. Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) - Established a national minimum wage of - 40 cents/hour. Came up with the 40 hour work week. Guarenteed time and a half for overtime in certain jobs. Prohibited most child labor. Still exists today.
27. Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) - Established in 1933. Restricted production by paying farmers to. The AAA oversaw a large-scale destruction of existing crops and livestock in a n attempt to reduce surpluses. For example - 6 million pigs and 220,000 sows were slaughtered in the AAA's effort to raise prices. Cotton farmers plowed under a quarter of their crop. During the Great Depression people saw the act as cruel because while people were in the cities starving, the federal government was destroying crops and livestock in the country.
28. Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act - allowed the government to pay farmers to reduce production so as to "conserve soil" and prevent erosion.
29. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) - created to generate electric power and control floods in a seven state region around the Tennessee River Valley.
30. Rural Electrification Administration (REA) - Created in 1935. Provided farms with inexpensive electric lighting and power and eventually telephone services.
31. Farm Security Administration - Established in 1935. Granted small farmers and tenant farmers money to purchase farms. 
32. Home Owner's Lean Corporation (HOLC) - The typical home loan in 1930 required a 50% down payment and had to be paid off within 5-7 years at an interest rate of 6 to 8 percent. The HOLC was established in 1933 to refinance homes to prevent foreclosure. It was used to extend loans from shorter, expensive payments to the lower payments of the 30 year loans.
33. Federal Housing Administration (FHA) - Created in 1934. The goal of the organization was to improve housing standards and conditions and to provide an adequate home financing system.
34. Unites States Housing Authority (USHA) - Created in 1937. Designed to lend money to the states or communities for low-cost home construction. Homes were designed for low-income and homeless people.
35. Social Security Administration (SSA) - Established in 1935. Provides retirement disability, and survivors'' benefits. to qualify, most American Workers pay social security taxes on their earnings.
36. Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) - Passed in 1938. gave the Food and Drug Administration power to regulate these industries.
37. Indian Reorganization Act (IRA) - passed in 1934. Abolished the Dawes Act and allowed Native Americans to govern themselves on a tribal basis.