1. Background prior to coming to power
2. How they came to power
3. Once in power, how did they change their country, both positive and negative
4. What was their role in World War II
5. How they lost power
Joseph Stalin
1. Born in Georgia
2. Power struggle when Lennon died
3. came to power in 1927, did a lot of industrialization, went from agriculture to industry, collectivization of the farms-put all farms into one, 5 year plan-in 5 years they hope to improve the industrial part, the great purges-killed anyone he couldn't trust.
4. nazi-Non-aggression pact: Hitler and Stalin, Stalin hated Hitler, Hitler despised communists, for Hitler it was a way to get resources, Stalin products, also didn't have to worry about fighting Russia. and lastly in 1939 an agreement to invade Poland (and other land those 2 countries lost during WWI). 1941, G.B. not in a pact. He broke the non-aggression pact by invading the USSR. Scorched earth policy-soviets burned everything so the Germans couldn't use them, 3 cities germans wanted-Leningrad/Moscow/Stalingrad. winter-supply lines were too far away and soldiers starved. the end is Berlin, VE Day, May 8, 1945, Cold War starts with Soviets-1945-1991.
5. Died of a stroke in '53
Benito Mussolini-Italy-Axis
1. Background- He was a violent in his childhood, was put in jail for stabbing someone with a penknife, mom catholic, dad athiest, fought in WWI for Italy, Got involved in the facist party
2. Came to Power- The King wanted someone to come to power who was strong against communism
3. What did he do prior to WWII-Invaded Ethiopia, romberlin Axis, with hitlerhelped get his country back on their feet, established fascism(militarism-building up military, nationalism, imperialism-taking over a lot of Mediterranean sea and then Africa, then eastern Europe) nothing against, outside, above the state-country is #1.
4. role in WWII- playing 2nd fiddle to Hitler(Hitler invaded powerful countries, Mussolini was invading weak countries) Hitler always had to bail out Mussolini, Mussolini was caught and rescued by Hitler and Germany.
5. was shot, spat upon, stoned, hanged, and dragged around.
Adolf Hitler-Germany-Axis
1. Born in 1889 in Austria dropped out of school at 16 wanted to be and artist and architect failed to get into art school moved to Germany in 1913 joined German Army when WWI broke outwas wounded twice (once by gas) won numerous medals
- accepted the “stab in the back” theory
- hated Weimer Republic (Democratic)
- joined the Nationalist Socialist German Worker’s Party (Nazi) after WWI
- voted Fuhrer (Leader) of the Nazi Party in 1921
- Nazi party attracted the following groups of people:
1. Manual laborers
2. Former soldiers
3. Adventurers and misfits
- The Nazi Party:
1. was violently nationalistic
2. was anti-Semitic (anti-Jew)
3. Hated the democratic Weimer Republic
4. talked of the Volk (German common people) superiority
Beer Hall Putsch (1923)
- Hitler and the Nazis tried to take over the German Gov’t
- Failed miserably
- Hitler was arrested for treason
- Got five years but only served 9 months
- While in prison he wrote his book Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
- Outlined Hitler’s ideas:
1. Aryans were the superior race
- Germans, Dutch, Belgians, Scandinavians and English
- No interbreeding
2. Anti-Semitic beliefs
- Hated Jews, inferior race
- Hitler associated them with the Weimer Republic and
Communism
3. Hated democracy
- Believed one person had to have the power to keep order and
Discipline
4. Undo the Treaty of Versailles
5. Re-unite German speaking peoples
- Austria, Sudetenland, Danzig, Poland
6. Lebensraum
- “Living space” in Russia for the German People
- Hitler also learned that he would have to come to power legally
- January 30, 1933, Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany
- Within 18 months Hitler had total power and created “The Third Reich”
Holocaust
Invasion of(Used Blitzkrieg):
Poland - 9-1-39
Belgium, Luy, Netherlands- spring/summer of '40
Denmark, Norway- spring/summer of '40
France- spring/summer of '40
Battle of Britian
sitskrieg-sitting war
V.E. Day (Victory in Europe Day)-May 8, 1945
FDR-United States-Allied
https://docs.google.com/a/hcsdcyclones.com/file/d/0B2YGQKiteHwvTUtabWEyM2dqVXc/edit
1. went to Harvard for law, governor of New York, was unsuccessful in the 1920 election as V.P.
2. Was elected in '32 over Hoover, also in '36, '40, '40.
3. Provided jobs.
4. Started off neutral, we felt that Europe being taken over was not our problem. Pearl Harbor-Dec. 7 1941-Dec. 8, declared war.
Ran for V.P. in 1920. Became governor of New York in the late 20's, beat hoover in the '32 election, then became a 4 term president.
Dec. 7, 1941 was Pearl Harbor
Dec. 8, 1941 we declared war on Japan
Dec. 11, 1941, France and Germany declared war on us
June 6, 1944, D-Day
May 8, 1945 end of war
Germany split into 4 sections
Winston Churchill-Great Britian-Allied
1. Was not a good pupil, had a lisp, did not get along with his parents,
2. Was prime minister because he was the leader of the conservative party
3. '39-'45 '51-'55 cause of health issues
Tojo-Japan-Axis
Dictatorship also came to Japan
-not through a political party but the military
History
-rich military tradition
-feudal clans fought each other for dominance in Japan
-The Emperor presided over the Japanese government
-came form divine origin
-descendent of the Sun Goddess
-played minor role in the government
-he was above politics
-shogun had the political power
-ruled in the name of the Emperor
Japanese society
Landowning clans dominated
-protected by the samurai
Wealthy merchant class
Peasants
-most of the people of Japan
Japan was very isolated until 1853 when US Commodore Matthew Perry sailed in to Japan and forced them to open their ports
In the late 1800’s many Japanese were tired of being controlled by foreign countries.
-adopted western ways in hopes to keep Western Powers out of their country
heavy industry
modern army
strong navy
Showed off new power in several wars
Sino-Japanese War
-1894-95
-Japan won
Russo-Japanese War
-1904-05
-Japan shocked the world by beating Russia
-gained partial control of Manchuria
World War I
-allied with the US
-gained German Islands in the Pacific after the war
1920’s
-gave all men the right to vote
-signed the 4, 5 and 9 Power Pacts
-joined the League of Nations
-signed the Kellog-Briand Pact-no war
1930’s
-Great Depression changed everything
-people blamed the government for tough times
-military leaders stepped in and took control
-said Japan had to expand in to Asia to help economy
-assassinated political leaders that opposed them
-took away people’s rights
Japanese Military Honor
fight to the death
commit suicide rather than surrender
gekokujo
-open defiance of superior officers by junior officers
-seen as a positive thing
-shows the spirit of the soldier
Hirohito-Japan-Axis
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