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United States, Great Britain, France, Italy after 1943, China, Australia, Canada. = ALLIES
Japan, Germany, Italy before 1943 = AXIS
Mussolini
He allied with Germany and Japan.He was in charge of Italy.He got into trouble a lot. He got arrested for a newspaper. He stabbed a student with a pen knife. He became an elementary school teacher for awhile. He was an Italian solider in ww1. He was a prime minister and a dictator. He went to catholic school but grew up and became a atheist. He became leader in 1933. He came to power because the king asked him to become the prime minister. The king wanted him as leader because he thought he would keep Italy out of becoming communist. He brought fascism. That means the government controls the everything you don't argue with them. Nothing above the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state. Imperialism, militarism, and nationalism. Italy turned towards the Mediterranean sea and wanted it to be Italian lake. Hitler babysat him, he did whatever Hitler said. Italy surrendered in 1943. They switched sides and became on our side. Fought in France, Mediterranean, and Africa. Lost power because they shot him. They did lots of bad things to him! 1922-19??
Stalin - means steel
1927- 1952
Leader of Soviet Union. Member of the Allie powers. Lennon the person in power died. Then there was a power issue and stalin won and became leader. He died from a stroke. He was born in Georgia. He was born into a poor family. He wanted to become a priest. Then he started working with the bullshavika and he had chicken pox and was a short guy. He killed a lot of people. Stalin was very different, he made meeting at 2 in the morning.
before the war he had:
-nationalization
-- government takes over businesses. The government took everyone's business, and controlled it all. Killed lots of people.
-industrialization
--Changing country to more industry based.
-collectivization
--Farms! the government comes to you and takes your farm and makes it the government farm, and then you have to work on the collective farm and work under the government. Killed lots of people.
-5 year plan
-- 5 year plan we want to improve our industrial and agricultural output.
-great purges
--killings. Killing people like military and government people you don't trust. That could take away your power.
Non- Aggression Pact=
Soviet Union gave Germany things, while Germany gave the Soviet Union weapons and stuff. 9/1/39 they invaded Poland. They invaded Poland because they wanted land, that Poland took after ww1. They invaded it and split it up. They invaded more little countries.
Summer 1941- Hitler controlled all of Europe except, Great Britain. Hitler broke the pact.
6 million people died under him.
during ww2
non aggression pact
invades poland, finland, etc. 9/1/39
hitler breaks the act
-summer of 1941
-great britain was the only neutral piece in Europe
scorched earth policy
-burn everything ruin your country so germany cant use it and take it.
leningrod, moscow, stalingrad
the end- berlin
cold war starts
died of a seazer
Hitler
Germany. In the axis powers. 1889 born in austria. father beat him and was not nice. Hitler loved art, but failed getting into school. antisemitism jew, did not like jews. people hate them cause they killed Jesus and ran the money and banks. fought in ww1 as solider. Got hurt a lot and got medals. The military finally helped see what he wanted. He did not start the Nazis but came to power about that very fast. Vine mar republic. Democratic government set up to fail for germany. They accepted the treaty of Versailles. called "stab in the back theory" His book mein kampf he wrote in jail. committed suicide with his wife. He tried coming to power instead of taking over power. ran for president- failed. he was appointed chancler when the dude died.
cold war, germany split into two, berlin-the end- may 8th 1945 - VEDay
FDR
Born in new york. He was senator, governor, sectary of the navy in ww1. got polio in 21. elected for president 4 times. new deals!
WW2- 9/1/39 when it started
-neutrality= stay neutral until december 7th 1941. 12/8/31- declared war 12/11/41- germany and italy declared war on us.
-pearl harbor- japan bombed us in Hawaii
12/8/31- declared war 12/11/41- germany and italy declared war on us.
-pacific war
=august of 1945 its done - atomic bombs - ended it
-Africa- fought germans
-Italy - Italians surrendered quickly. not free until september 19??
-dday - june 6 1944 = invaded france.
- yalta conference= chrchill, stalin, fdr decided what germany would do after the war = germany split into 4 areas ends up 2 countries.
-the end =death
= a month before germany surrenders fdr dies. Truman took his spot.
Japan- In ww2 they hurt china. Hurt tons of incident people.
Tojo- came to power right before pearl harbor attacked. He was selected to be the new prime minister and in charge of army. He decided to attack us at pearl harbor. He fails to commit suicide, then hung.
Hirohito- came to power because of blood. Was the son of the emperor. He did as the emperor of natural causes.
Dictatorship also came to Japan
-not through a political party but the military
History
-rich military tradition
-feudal clans fought each other for dominance in Japan=there would be areas in japan and leader per area.
-The Emperor presided over the Japanese government
-came form divine origin
-descendent of the Sun Goddess
-played minor role in the government
-he was above politics
-shogun had the political power
-ruled in the name of the Emperor
Japanese society
Landowning clans dominated
-protected by the samurai
Wealthy merchant class
Peasants=poor
-most of the people of Japan
Japan was very isolated until 1853 when US Commodore Matthew Perry sailed in to Japan and forced them to open their ports
In the late 1800’s many Japanese were tired of being controlled by foreign countries.
-adopted western ways in hopes to keep Western Powers out of their country= the quote on the bottom
heavy industry
modern army
strong navy
Showed off new power in several wars
Sino-Japanese War
-1894-95
-Japan won
Russo-Japanese War
-1904-05
-Japan shocked the world by beating Russia
-gained partial control of Manchuria
World War I
-allied with the US
-gained German Islands in the Pacific after the war
1920’s
-gave all men the right to vote
-signed the 4, 5 and 9 Power Pacts
-joined the League of Nations
-signed the Kellog-Briand Pact= out lawed war
1930’s
-Great Depression changed everything
-people blamed the government for tough times
-military leaders stepped in and took control
-said Japan had to expand in to Asia to help economy
-assassinated political leaders that opposed them
-took away people’s rights
Japanese Military Honor
fight to the death
commit suicide rather than surrender
-open defiance of superior officers by junior officers
-seen as a positive thing
-shows the spirit of the soldier
"we need to become like them so we are not overtaking by them"
become like the Europe, build up our industry and our army and navy.
Churchill
Didn't get along with parents. Struggled in school. He was close to his nanny. She was his mother figure. Family was very wealthy. Cuba, India, Africa observed british colonies while in the military. Was in ww1. spent the 1930's giving speeches and working in the conservative party. He came to power because a guy turned down becoming prime minister, so after germany invaded poland, the conservative power got more power and soon churchill came to power. lost in 45 then again in 51 resigned later because of health problems.
Anti-Appeasement
strong anti- communist
battle of britain
friends with fdr
mo armistice
soft underbelly of Europe - italy
d-day - june 6th 1944
defeated by atlee
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