February 13- February 17

February 13 (Monday)- Video and time to study

February 14 (Tuesday)- Mr. Bruns continued his presentation notes below

February 15 (Wednesday)- Mr. Bruns continued his presentation

February 16 (Thursday)- No school

February 17 (Friday)- No school

The Great Schism (Western Schism)

King Philip IV persuaded the College of Cardinals to choose a French archbishop as the next pope
Clement V was selected and he moved the papacy to the French city of Avignon
Popes would live there for the next 69 years
The move to Avignon weakened the church so the College of Cardinals eventually chose a Roman pope due mostly to people’s demands
Pope Urban VI became the new pope but he was not supported soon thereafter by the College of Cardinals due to his attitude
So what do you think the College of Cardinals did?
- They chose a second pope, Clement VII, who spoke French
Urban VI was in Rome and Clement VII was in Avignon
Each pope excommunicated each other

Simple Solution?

The Council of Constance attempted to end the Great Schism by choosing a single pope
They assumed the other two popes would resign
They didn't
There were now a total of three popes: the Avignon pope (antipope), the Roman pope and the newly chosen third pope, Alexander V (antipope)
With the help of the Holy Roman Emperor, the council forced all three popes to resign
The Council chose a new pope, Martin V, ending the Great Schism but leaving the papacy greatly weakened.

John Wycliffe

Critic of the Church
Preached that Jesus Christ, not the pope, was the true head of the Church
Believed that the pope and clergy focused too much on wealth and power
Believed that the clergy shouldn't own land or be wealthy
Taught that the Bible alone- not the pope- was the final authority for Christian life
Helped get an English translation of the New Testament of the Bible
Followers were the Lollards and was the precursor to Protestant Reformation

Jan Hus

Critic of the Church
Influenced by Wycliffe's writings, Jan Hus taught that the authority of the Bible was higher than that of the pope
He was excommunicated and was burned at the stake for being a heretic
His followers were known as Hussites

Bubonic Plague

How Did It Start

The disease came from Asia (Mongolia) over trade routes and spread by fleas and rats
Rats were everywhere and they had fleas
People were dirty and most had fleas
Fleas bit humans

Effects of the Plague

Population fell
Trade declined and prices rose
The serfs left the manor in search of better wages
Nobles resisted peasant demands for higher wages, causing peasant revolts in England, France, Italy, and Belgium
Jews were blame for bringing on the plague and were driven from their homes or massacred
The Church suffered a loss of prestige when its prayers failed to stop the onslaught of the Bubonic plague

The Hundred Years War

England v. France
Lasted 116 years
When the last Capetian king died without a successor, England's Edward III, claimed the right to the French throne
The War that Edward III launched continued on and off from 1337 to 1453 and became known as the Hundred Years War
The war was not continuous and victory passed back and forth between the two countries
Finally, the French rallied and drove the English out of France

Reasons Why France Won:

France, as a national entity, was created during this war
Joan of Arc helped strengthen French nationalism
The French were able to avoid conflicts for long stretches at a time when England was more powerful. England was not able to deliver a knockout punch during this time
France ended up with more allies than England did
France fought on their own land
England was bankrupt

Impact of the Hundred Years War

A feeling of nationalism emerged in England and France
Now people thought of the king as a national leader, fighting for the glory of the country, not simply a feudal lord
The power and prestige of the French monarch increased since they won
The English suffered a period of internal problems known as the War of Roses, in which two nobles houses fought for the throne

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